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China's Sustainability Paradigm in the 21st Century: Ecological Civilization

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 2047 - 2061, 01.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.674160

Öz

Since the 1970s, China has begun to implement the developing industrial civilization in the world alienated from its traditional culture and has achieved a rapid development trend as a result of the reforms it has made. As a result of rapid industrialization and distorted urbanization, China has begun to tackle various ecological and social problems that adversely affect the well-being of society both academically and politically. In this context, it has developed the “Ecological Civilization” paradigm since the end of the 20th century. This study aims to explain the concept of ecological civilization and the factors in its emergence, examining the dimensions of ecological civilization and the relationship between sustainable development, evaluation of this paradigm within the scope of sustainable development policies of today's Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • Anonim, 2015. “Task Force on the Rule of Law and Ecological Civilization”. China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) Annual General Meeting, November 9-11, 2015.
  • Anonim, 2015. China’s Climate Policy Game Changer Forum…
  • Anonim, 2016. China’s Ecological Civilization and the World.
  • Anonim, 2016. South-South Cooperation for Ecological Civilization (Draft): China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development. Sustainability 9, 1331.
  • Anonim, 2017. The New Era of Green Development: China's Green Transition.
  • Anonim, 2013. China Human Development Report: Sustainable and Livable Cities: Toward Ecological Urbanization: English Compiled by United Nations Development Program. –Beijing: China Translation and Publishing Corporation, June 2013 ISBN 978-7-5001-3754-2
  • Arler F, 2018. Revitalizing Traditional Chinese Concepts in the Modern Ecological Civilization Debate. Open Journal of Philosophy, (102-115).
  • Bozlağan R, 2010. Sürdürülebilir Gelişme Düşüncesinin Tarihsel Arka Planı. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, (50), 1011-1028.
  • Carson R, 2002. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt..
  • Change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate, 1990.Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Mass, Cambridge.
  • Clayton P, 2017. What is Ecological Civilization Paradigm? Green Transition Toward Ecological Civilization: A Korea – US Dialogue, Towards Ecological Civilization (Ecociv) Korea Conference, November 7-9, 2017. Claremont Graduate University.
  • Cunwang C, Huili H, Jiansheng Q, Kinchi L, Tienjun W, 2012. Ecological Civilization, Indigenous Culture, and Rural Reconstruction in China. Monthly Review.
  • Delman J, 2018. Ecological Civilization Politics and Governance in Hangzhou: New Pathways to Green Urban Development. Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, 16(17/1).
  • Ecologist, 2017. Nature’s rights: a new paradigm for environmental protection by Mumta Ito.
  • Efil Ş, 2018. İnsan-Doğa-Tanrı İlişkisi Sorunu ve Küresel Ekolojik Felaket Karşısında İki Temel Öneri. Beytulhikme Int. J. Phil. 8 (2) 2018
  • Feng L, (2015). Cultural and Religious Perspectives on Ecological Civilization. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting
  • Foster JB, 2017. The Earth-System Crisis and Ecological Civilization: A Marxian View. International Critical Thought, 7(4), 439-458.
  • Frazier AE, Bryan BA, Buyantuev A, Chen L, Echeverria C, Jia P, Xiang WN, 2019. Ecological Civilization: Perspectives From Landscape Ecology and Landscape Sustainability Science. Landscape Ecology (2019) 34: 1.
  • Gare A, 2010. Toward an Ecological Civilization: The Science, Ethics, and Politics of Eco-Poiesis. Process Studies, 39(1), 5-38.
  • Gare A, 2012. China and the Struggle for Ecological Civilization. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 23 (4), 10-26
  • Gare A, 2016. The Philosophical Foundations of Ecological Civilization: a Manifesto for the Future. Routledge.
  • Gare A, 2017. From sustainable Development to Ecological Civilization: Winning the War for Survival. Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, 13(3), 130-153.
  • Goron C, 2018. Ecological Civilization and the Political Limits of a Chinese Concept of Sustainability, China Perspectives [Online], 2018-4 | 2018,
  • Handl G, 2012. Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Declaration), 1972 and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 1992. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, 11.
  • Heurtebise JH, 2017. Sustainability and Ecological Civilization in the Age of Anthropocene: An Epistemological Analysis of The Psychosocial and “Culturalist” Interpretations of Global Environmental Risk.
  • Hong Y, 2015. Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting, Chapter 4. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting.
  • Ishwaran N, Hong T, Yi Z, 2015. Building an Ecological Civilization in China: Towards a Practice Based Learning Approach.
  • İnançlı S, Kamacı A, 2010. Küreselleşme Sürecinde Çin Ekonomisi ve Türkiye ile Dış Ticaretinin Yapısal ve Sektörel Analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi, 2, 135-162.
  • Kabak T, 2018. Toplumsal Ekoloji Bağlamında Türklerin Doğa ile İlişkilerine Genel Bir Bakış: Mandıra Filozofu Filminin Düşündürdükleri. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 7(1), 276-291
  • Kuhn B, 2016. Sustainable Development Discourses in China.
  • Kuhn B, 2019. Ecological Civilization in China. Berthold Kuhn
  • Le Quéré C, Moriarty R, Andrew RM, Peters GP, Ciais P, Friedlingstein P, Boden TA, 2015. Global Carbon Budget 2014. Earth System Science Data, 7(1), 47-85.
  • Li Y, Zhu X, 2019. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America and The Caribbean. Sustainability, 11(8), 2297.
  • Magdoff F, 2012. Harmony and Ecological Civilization. Monthly Review, 64(2).
  • Marinelli M, 2018. How to Build a ‘Beautiful China in The Anthropocene? The Political Discourse and The Intellectual Debate on Ecological Civilization. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 23(3), 365-386.
  • Miller J, 2015. Cultural and Religious Perspectives on Ecological Civilization. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting
  • Morrison R, 1995. Ecological Democracy. South end Press.
  • Özerkmen N, 2002. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi 42,1-2,167-185
  • Pan J, 2015. Ecological Civilization: A New Development Paradigm. China Economist, 10(4), 44.
  • Pan J, 2016. China’s Environmental Governing and Ecological Civilization. Springer.
  • Sawyer J, 2015. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. In International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting.
  • Schmitt EA, 2016. The Atmosphere of an Ecological Civilization: A Study of Ideology, Perception and Action in Chengdu, China. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment
  • Schmitt EA, 2018. Living in an Ecological Civilization: Ideological Interpretations of an Authoritarian Mode of Sustainability in China. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis Across Disciplines Vol 10 (2): 69 -91
  • Shuguang M, 2015. Cultural and Religious Perspectives on Ecological Civilization. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting.
  • Terzi S, 2017. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Uygulanan Çevre Politikası Araçlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Ankara: TC Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı.
  • Toprak D, 2006. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Çevresinde Çevre Politikaları ve Mali Araçlar. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (4), 146-169.
  • Turner J, 2015. Environmental Perspective of Ecological Civilization. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting.
  • UNEP, 2016. Green is Gold: The Strategy and Actions of China’s Ecological Civilization.
  • Wang C, 2016. Reflections on China's Socialist Ecological Civilization Construction: Perspectives of Social-Ecological Transformation.
  • Wei Z, Hulin L, Xuebing A, 2011. Ecological Civilization Construction is the Fundamental Way to Develop Low-Carbon Economy. Energy Procedia, 5, 839-843.
  • Xiang-Chao P, 2018. Research on Ecological Civilization Construction and Environmentally Sustainable Development İn The New Era. In Iop Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 153, No. 6, P. 062080). Iop Publishing.
  • Xiang-Chao P, 2018. Research on Xi Jinping's Thought of Ecological Civilization and Environment Sustainable Development. In Iop Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 153, No. 6, P. 062067). Iop Publishing.
  • Yunhua L, 2015. Environmental Perspective of Ecological Civilization. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting.
  • Zhao J, Liu X, Dong R, Shao G, 2016. Landsenses Ecology and Ecological Planning Toward Sustainable Development.

21. Yüzyılda Çin’in Sürdürülebilirlik Paradigması: Ekolojik Medeniyet

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 2047 - 2061, 01.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.674160

Öz

1970’lerden beri Çin, dünyada gelişen endüstri medeniyetini geleneksel kültüründen koparak uygulamaya başlamış ve yapmış olduğu reformlarla hızlı bir gelişme trendi yakalamıştır. Çin, hızlı endüstriyelleşme ve çarpık kentleşme ile birlikte toplumun refahını olumsuz yönde etkileyen çeşitli ekolojik ve sosyal sorunlarla hem akademik hem de politik düzeyde mücadele etmeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda 20. yy.’ın sonlarından itibaren “Ekolojik Medeniyet” paradigmasını geliştirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ekolojik medeniyet kavramının ve ortaya çıkışındaki etmenlerin açıklanması, ekolojik medeniyetin boyutlarının ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma ile ilişkisinin irdelenmesi ve günümüz Türkiye’sinin sürdürülebilir kalkınma politikaları kapsamında bu paradigmanın değerlendirilmesidir.

Kaynakça

  • Anonim, 2015. “Task Force on the Rule of Law and Ecological Civilization”. China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) Annual General Meeting, November 9-11, 2015.
  • Anonim, 2015. China’s Climate Policy Game Changer Forum…
  • Anonim, 2016. China’s Ecological Civilization and the World.
  • Anonim, 2016. South-South Cooperation for Ecological Civilization (Draft): China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development. Sustainability 9, 1331.
  • Anonim, 2017. The New Era of Green Development: China's Green Transition.
  • Anonim, 2013. China Human Development Report: Sustainable and Livable Cities: Toward Ecological Urbanization: English Compiled by United Nations Development Program. –Beijing: China Translation and Publishing Corporation, June 2013 ISBN 978-7-5001-3754-2
  • Arler F, 2018. Revitalizing Traditional Chinese Concepts in the Modern Ecological Civilization Debate. Open Journal of Philosophy, (102-115).
  • Bozlağan R, 2010. Sürdürülebilir Gelişme Düşüncesinin Tarihsel Arka Planı. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, (50), 1011-1028.
  • Carson R, 2002. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt..
  • Change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate, 1990.Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Mass, Cambridge.
  • Clayton P, 2017. What is Ecological Civilization Paradigm? Green Transition Toward Ecological Civilization: A Korea – US Dialogue, Towards Ecological Civilization (Ecociv) Korea Conference, November 7-9, 2017. Claremont Graduate University.
  • Cunwang C, Huili H, Jiansheng Q, Kinchi L, Tienjun W, 2012. Ecological Civilization, Indigenous Culture, and Rural Reconstruction in China. Monthly Review.
  • Delman J, 2018. Ecological Civilization Politics and Governance in Hangzhou: New Pathways to Green Urban Development. Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, 16(17/1).
  • Ecologist, 2017. Nature’s rights: a new paradigm for environmental protection by Mumta Ito.
  • Efil Ş, 2018. İnsan-Doğa-Tanrı İlişkisi Sorunu ve Küresel Ekolojik Felaket Karşısında İki Temel Öneri. Beytulhikme Int. J. Phil. 8 (2) 2018
  • Feng L, (2015). Cultural and Religious Perspectives on Ecological Civilization. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting
  • Foster JB, 2017. The Earth-System Crisis and Ecological Civilization: A Marxian View. International Critical Thought, 7(4), 439-458.
  • Frazier AE, Bryan BA, Buyantuev A, Chen L, Echeverria C, Jia P, Xiang WN, 2019. Ecological Civilization: Perspectives From Landscape Ecology and Landscape Sustainability Science. Landscape Ecology (2019) 34: 1.
  • Gare A, 2010. Toward an Ecological Civilization: The Science, Ethics, and Politics of Eco-Poiesis. Process Studies, 39(1), 5-38.
  • Gare A, 2012. China and the Struggle for Ecological Civilization. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 23 (4), 10-26
  • Gare A, 2016. The Philosophical Foundations of Ecological Civilization: a Manifesto for the Future. Routledge.
  • Gare A, 2017. From sustainable Development to Ecological Civilization: Winning the War for Survival. Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, 13(3), 130-153.
  • Goron C, 2018. Ecological Civilization and the Political Limits of a Chinese Concept of Sustainability, China Perspectives [Online], 2018-4 | 2018,
  • Handl G, 2012. Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm Declaration), 1972 and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 1992. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, 11.
  • Heurtebise JH, 2017. Sustainability and Ecological Civilization in the Age of Anthropocene: An Epistemological Analysis of The Psychosocial and “Culturalist” Interpretations of Global Environmental Risk.
  • Hong Y, 2015. Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting, Chapter 4. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting.
  • Ishwaran N, Hong T, Yi Z, 2015. Building an Ecological Civilization in China: Towards a Practice Based Learning Approach.
  • İnançlı S, Kamacı A, 2010. Küreselleşme Sürecinde Çin Ekonomisi ve Türkiye ile Dış Ticaretinin Yapısal ve Sektörel Analizi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi, 2, 135-162.
  • Kabak T, 2018. Toplumsal Ekoloji Bağlamında Türklerin Doğa ile İlişkilerine Genel Bir Bakış: Mandıra Filozofu Filminin Düşündürdükleri. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 7(1), 276-291
  • Kuhn B, 2016. Sustainable Development Discourses in China.
  • Kuhn B, 2019. Ecological Civilization in China. Berthold Kuhn
  • Le Quéré C, Moriarty R, Andrew RM, Peters GP, Ciais P, Friedlingstein P, Boden TA, 2015. Global Carbon Budget 2014. Earth System Science Data, 7(1), 47-85.
  • Li Y, Zhu X, 2019. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America and The Caribbean. Sustainability, 11(8), 2297.
  • Magdoff F, 2012. Harmony and Ecological Civilization. Monthly Review, 64(2).
  • Marinelli M, 2018. How to Build a ‘Beautiful China in The Anthropocene? The Political Discourse and The Intellectual Debate on Ecological Civilization. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 23(3), 365-386.
  • Miller J, 2015. Cultural and Religious Perspectives on Ecological Civilization. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting
  • Morrison R, 1995. Ecological Democracy. South end Press.
  • Özerkmen N, 2002. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi 42,1-2,167-185
  • Pan J, 2015. Ecological Civilization: A New Development Paradigm. China Economist, 10(4), 44.
  • Pan J, 2016. China’s Environmental Governing and Ecological Civilization. Springer.
  • Sawyer J, 2015. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. In International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting.
  • Schmitt EA, 2016. The Atmosphere of an Ecological Civilization: A Study of Ideology, Perception and Action in Chengdu, China. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment
  • Schmitt EA, 2018. Living in an Ecological Civilization: Ideological Interpretations of an Authoritarian Mode of Sustainability in China. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis Across Disciplines Vol 10 (2): 69 -91
  • Shuguang M, 2015. Cultural and Religious Perspectives on Ecological Civilization. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting.
  • Terzi S, 2017. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Uygulanan Çevre Politikası Araçlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Ankara: TC Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı.
  • Toprak D, 2006. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Çevresinde Çevre Politikaları ve Mali Araçlar. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (4), 146-169.
  • Turner J, 2015. Environmental Perspective of Ecological Civilization. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting.
  • UNEP, 2016. Green is Gold: The Strategy and Actions of China’s Ecological Civilization.
  • Wang C, 2016. Reflections on China's Socialist Ecological Civilization Construction: Perspectives of Social-Ecological Transformation.
  • Wei Z, Hulin L, Xuebing A, 2011. Ecological Civilization Construction is the Fundamental Way to Develop Low-Carbon Economy. Energy Procedia, 5, 839-843.
  • Xiang-Chao P, 2018. Research on Ecological Civilization Construction and Environmentally Sustainable Development İn The New Era. In Iop Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 153, No. 6, P. 062080). Iop Publishing.
  • Xiang-Chao P, 2018. Research on Xi Jinping's Thought of Ecological Civilization and Environment Sustainable Development. In Iop Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 153, No. 6, P. 062067). Iop Publishing.
  • Yunhua L, 2015. Environmental Perspective of Ecological Civilization. Ecological Civilization: Proceedings. in International Conference on Ecological Civilization and Environmental Reporting.
  • Zhao J, Liu X, Dong R, Shao G, 2016. Landsenses Ecology and Ecological Planning Toward Sustainable Development.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Mühendisliği, Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm Peyzaj Mimarlığı / Landscape Architecture
Yazarlar

Ayser İlhan 0000-0002-0063-6776

Tendü Hilal Göktuğ 0000-0001-7544-9943

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Ocak 2020
Kabul Tarihi 6 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA İlhan, A., & Göktuğ, T. H. (2020). 21. Yüzyılda Çin’in Sürdürülebilirlik Paradigması: Ekolojik Medeniyet. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 10(3), 2047-2061. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.674160
AMA İlhan A, Göktuğ TH. 21. Yüzyılda Çin’in Sürdürülebilirlik Paradigması: Ekolojik Medeniyet. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Eylül 2020;10(3):2047-2061. doi:10.21597/jist.674160
Chicago İlhan, Ayser, ve Tendü Hilal Göktuğ. “21. Yüzyılda Çin’in Sürdürülebilirlik Paradigması: Ekolojik Medeniyet”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 10, sy. 3 (Eylül 2020): 2047-61. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.674160.
EndNote İlhan A, Göktuğ TH (01 Eylül 2020) 21. Yüzyılda Çin’in Sürdürülebilirlik Paradigması: Ekolojik Medeniyet. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 10 3 2047–2061.
IEEE A. İlhan ve T. H. Göktuğ, “21. Yüzyılda Çin’in Sürdürülebilirlik Paradigması: Ekolojik Medeniyet”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 10, sy. 3, ss. 2047–2061, 2020, doi: 10.21597/jist.674160.
ISNAD İlhan, Ayser - Göktuğ, Tendü Hilal. “21. Yüzyılda Çin’in Sürdürülebilirlik Paradigması: Ekolojik Medeniyet”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 10/3 (Eylül 2020), 2047-2061. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.674160.
JAMA İlhan A, Göktuğ TH. 21. Yüzyılda Çin’in Sürdürülebilirlik Paradigması: Ekolojik Medeniyet. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2020;10:2047–2061.
MLA İlhan, Ayser ve Tendü Hilal Göktuğ. “21. Yüzyılda Çin’in Sürdürülebilirlik Paradigması: Ekolojik Medeniyet”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 10, sy. 3, 2020, ss. 2047-61, doi:10.21597/jist.674160.
Vancouver İlhan A, Göktuğ TH. 21. Yüzyılda Çin’in Sürdürülebilirlik Paradigması: Ekolojik Medeniyet. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2020;10(3):2047-61.