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Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 1040 - 1049, 01.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.827579

Öz

Aygır Lake is located in the province of Bitlis, Adilcevaz, in the east of Turkey. It is located on the south side of Süphan Mountain and is a tectonically formed lake. Since the waters of Aygır Lake are fresh, it is an important water source in terms of meeting the water needs of the agricultural areas in the south. For this reason, it was tried to determine whether the water of the lake would pose a health risk in terms of radon if it was consumed as drinking water and used in agricultural activities and fish farming. In the study, radon (222Rn) concentrations, the annual effective dose rate (AED) and the amount of dose the stomach takes (SED) in the surface water samples taken from Aygır Lake were tried to be determined. For this purpose, water samples were taken from 13 different points in the lake. Saphymo Gmbh AlphaGUARD Professional radon monitor was used to measure the radon activities of the water samples. As a result of the measurements, it is seen that the radon concentrations vary between 0.15 ± 0.01 Bq L-1 and 0.71 ± 0.08 Bq L-1. In addition, in the study, AED values ranged from 0.38 ± 0.03 nSv y-1 to 1.81 ± 0.20 nSv y-1, while SED values ranged from 0.05 ± 0.00 nSv y-1 to 0.22 ± 0.02 nSv y-1. When the results obtained are compared with the average international values, it is noticed that the results are below these values.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Masri MS, Blackburn R, 1999. Radon-222 and related activities in surface waters of the English Lake district. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 50(6): 1137-1143.
  • Bal SŞ, Kılıç Ö, Gönültaş F, 2017. Determination of radon concentration on the Bitlis spring waters. Sakarya University Journal of Science 21(3): 302-306.
  • Baykara O, Doğru M, 2006. Measurements of radon and uranium concentration in water and soil samples from east anatolian active fault systems (Turkey). Radiation Measurements 41(3): 362-367.
  • Çavuş A, 2018. An investigation on water quality and management of Aygır Lake. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, PhD. Thesis.
  • Çevik U, Damla N, Karahan G, Çelebi N, Kobya Aİ, 2006. Natural radioactivity in tap waters of eastern Black Sea region of Tukey. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 118(1): 88-92.
  • Davutoğlu H, 2008. Methods of radon gas measurement. Dumlupınar University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Master Thesis.
  • Doğu AF, Deniz O, 2015. Morphologic features and tourism facilities of Aygır Lake. Journal of International Social Research 8(41): 692-702.
  • Emre Y, Kürüm V, 2007. Trout Farming in Pools and Cages. Posta Printing House No:272, Seyrantepe, İstanbul.
  • Erdoğdu M, 2015. Determination of radon (Rn-222) concentration in drinkable and processed water in and around Osmaniye. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Institute of Science, Master Thesis.
  • Erees FS, Yener G, Salk M, Özbal Ö, 2006. Measurements of radon content in soil gas and in the thermal waters in western Turkey. Radiation Measurements 41(3): 354-61.
  • GENITRON INSTRUMENTS, 2001. AlphaPUMP Technical Description. Genitron Instruments GmbH HeerstraBe No: 149, pp. 6-7, Germany.
  • GENITRON INSTRUMENTS, 2007. AquaKIT Accessory for Radon in Water Measurement in Combination with the Radon Monitor AlphaGUARD. Genitron Instruments GmbH HeerstraBe No: 149, pp.15, Germany.
  • Genrich V, 2006. AlphaGUARD PQ2000/MC50. Multiparameter Radon Monitor, Characterisation of its Physical Properties Under Normal Climatic and Severe Environmental Conditions, Genitron Instruments GmbH. User Manual, Frankfurt, Germany.
  • George AC, 2007. “World history of radon research and measurement from the early 1900s to today.” Natural Radiation Environment Conference VIII (NRE VIII) in Buzios, Brazil, Radon Bulletin of the CRCPD, reprinted in November 2007.
  • Gosink TA, Baskaran M, Holleman DF, 1990. Radon in the human body from drinking water. Health Physics 59(6): 919-920.
  • Gyuk PM, Aruwa A, Dogara MD, Daniel IH, 2017.Annual effective dose of Radon-222 in well water samples in male adults: Idah, Nigeria American Journal of Optics and Photonics 5(4): 45-49.
  • Hussein AS, 2019. Evaluation of the radiation dose from radon ingestion from different types of drinking water samples in Egypt using nuclear track detectors (LR-115 Type II). Radiat Prot Environ 42: 168-72.
  • IAEA, 2002. International Atomic Energy Agency. Specification of Radionuclide Content in Comities Requiring Regulation for Purposes of Radiation Protection Safety Guide.
  • ICRP, 1994. International Commission on Radiological Protection, Protection Against Radon-222 at Home and at Work. Pergamon Press ICRP Publication No:65, pp. 45.
  • Karahan G, Öztürk N, Bayülken A, 2000. Natural radioactivity in various surface waters in İstanbul. Water Research 34(18): 4367-4370.
  • Kayakökü H, Dogru M, 2020. Radon concentration measurements in surface water samples from Van Lake, Turkey using CR-39 Detectors. Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology 10(1): 35-42.
  • Meisenberg O, Mishra R, Joshi M, Gierl S, Rout R, Guoa L, Agarwal T, Kanse S, Irlinger J, Sapra BK, Tschiersch J, 2017. Radon and thoron inhalation doses in dwellings with earthen architecture: comparison of measurement methods. Science of the Total Environment 579: 1855-1862.
  • Nikolopoulos D, Vogiannis E, Petraki E, Zisos A, Louizi A, 2010. Investigation of the exposure to radon and progeny in the thermal Spas of Loutraki (Attica-Greece): Results from measurements and modelling. Science of the Total Environment 408(3): 495–504.
  • Özdemir Y, Akkaya İ, Oyan V, Kelfoun K, 2016. A debris avalanche at Süphan Stratovolcano (Turkey) and implications for hazard evaluation. Bulletin of Volcanology 78(9): 1-17.
  • Prasad G, Prasad Y, Gusain GS, Ramola RC, 2008. Measurement of radon and thoron levels in soil, water and indoor atmosphere of Budhakedar in Garhwal Himalaya, India. Radiation Measurements 43: 375–379.
  • RWIHC, 2005. Regulation on Water Intended for Human Consumption, O.G. date: 17 Feb 2005, O.G. number: 25730. O.G. Annex 1 (Amended attachment: RG-7/3/2013-28580). Ministry of Health http://shsm.gov.tr. (Date of access: 25 July 2020).
  • Shivakumara BC, Chandrashekara MS, Kavitha E, Paramesh L, 2014. Studies on 226Ra and 222Rn concentration in drinking water of Mandya region, Karnataka State, India. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 7(4): 491-498.
  • Şahin S, 2004. Determination of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity levels of Kangal (Sivas) Fish Spa. Fırat University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Course Seminar.
  • Tanrıverdi E, 2016. Determination of radon activity in waters in the Bitlis region. Bitlis Eren University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis.
  • Tarim UA, Gurler O, Akkaya G, Kilic N, Yalcin S, Kaynak G, Gundogdu O, 2011. Evaluation of radon concentration in well and top waters in Bursa. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 150(2): 207-212.
  • Tebbutt THY, 1998. Principles of Water Quality Control (Fifth Edition). Elsevier Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-7506- 3658-2.
  • Tüfekcioğlu F, 2015. The measurement of radon concentration and investigation of discontinuities. Selçuk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences PhD. Thesis.
  • Türkman A, Tokgöz S, Sarptaş H, 1999. Drinking water standards and safe drinking water. 3rd National Environmental Engineering Congress, İzmir, November. 25-26, 1999.
  • UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committe on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), 1993. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. United Nations Sales Publication E.94.IX.2. United Nations, New York.
  • Urban M, Piesch E, 1981. Low-level environmental radon dosimetry with a passive track etch detector device. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 1(2): 97-109.
  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2011. Proposed Radon in Drinking Water Regulation. DC, EPA: 600/R-09/ 052F.
  • Valkovic V, 2000. Radioactivity in the environment. Elsevier Science B.V. Netherlands.
  • Yalcin S, Gurler O, Akar UT, Incirci F, Kaynak G, Gundogdu O, 2011. Measurements of radon concentration in drinking water samples from Kastamonu (Turkey). Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 47(4): 438-445.
  • Yousef HA, El-Farrash AH, Magdy A, 2017. Radon levels in surface water samples from Manzala Lake East Nile Delta, Egypt using Nuclear Track Detectors. Journal of Nuclear and Particle Physics 7(2): 36-42.
  • WHO (World Health Organization), 2004. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality Recommendations, 1: 206-209.
  • WPCR, 2004. Water Pollution Control Regulation, http://mevzuat.basbakanlik.gov.tr/ Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=7.5.7221&sourceXmlSearch=&MevzuatIliski=0. (Date of access: 25 July 2020).
  • Zorer ÖS, Şahan T, Ceylan H, Doğru M, Şahin S, 2013. 238U and 222Rn activity concentrations and total radioactivity levels in lake waters. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 295(3):1837-1843.

Bitlis Aygır Gölü (Türkiye) Yüzey Su Örneklerinde Radon Konsantrasyonunun Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 1040 - 1049, 01.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.827579

Öz

Aygır Gölü, Türkiye'nin doğusunda, Bitlis'in Adilcevaz ilçesinde yer almaktadır. Süphan Dağı’nın güney tarafında yer almakta olup, tektonik oluşumlu bir göldür. Suları tatlı olduğu için güneyindeki tarım alanlarının su ihtiyacını karşılaması bakımından Aygır Gölü önemli bir su kaynağıdır. Bu sebeple, göl suyunun içme suyu olarak tüketilmesi, tarımsal faaliyetlerde ve balık yetştiriciliğinde kullanılması durumunda, radon açısından, sağlık için risk oluşturup oluşturmayacağı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, Aygır Gölü’nden alınan yüzey su örneklerinin radon (222Rn) konsantrasyonları, yıllık etkin doz oranı (AED) ve midenin aldığı doz miktarı (SED) belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, gölde 13 farklı noktadan su örnekleri alınmıştır. Su örneklerinin 222Rn aktivite konsantrasyonlarının ölçülmesinde Saphymo Gmbh AlphaGUARD Professional radon monitörü kullanılmıştır. Ölçümler sonucunda radon konsantrasyonlarının, 0,15 ± 0,01 Bq L-1 ile 0,71 ± 0,08 Bq L-1 aralığında değiştiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada AED değerleri 0,38 ± 0,03 nSv y-1 ile 1,81 ± 0,20 nSv y-1, SED değerleri 0,05 ± 0,00 nSv y-1 ile 0,22 ± 0,02 nSv y-1 arasında değişmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar uluslararası önerilen değerler ile kıyaslandığı zaman, sonuçların, bu değerlerin altında olduğu görülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Masri MS, Blackburn R, 1999. Radon-222 and related activities in surface waters of the English Lake district. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 50(6): 1137-1143.
  • Bal SŞ, Kılıç Ö, Gönültaş F, 2017. Determination of radon concentration on the Bitlis spring waters. Sakarya University Journal of Science 21(3): 302-306.
  • Baykara O, Doğru M, 2006. Measurements of radon and uranium concentration in water and soil samples from east anatolian active fault systems (Turkey). Radiation Measurements 41(3): 362-367.
  • Çavuş A, 2018. An investigation on water quality and management of Aygır Lake. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, PhD. Thesis.
  • Çevik U, Damla N, Karahan G, Çelebi N, Kobya Aİ, 2006. Natural radioactivity in tap waters of eastern Black Sea region of Tukey. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 118(1): 88-92.
  • Davutoğlu H, 2008. Methods of radon gas measurement. Dumlupınar University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Master Thesis.
  • Doğu AF, Deniz O, 2015. Morphologic features and tourism facilities of Aygır Lake. Journal of International Social Research 8(41): 692-702.
  • Emre Y, Kürüm V, 2007. Trout Farming in Pools and Cages. Posta Printing House No:272, Seyrantepe, İstanbul.
  • Erdoğdu M, 2015. Determination of radon (Rn-222) concentration in drinkable and processed water in and around Osmaniye. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Institute of Science, Master Thesis.
  • Erees FS, Yener G, Salk M, Özbal Ö, 2006. Measurements of radon content in soil gas and in the thermal waters in western Turkey. Radiation Measurements 41(3): 354-61.
  • GENITRON INSTRUMENTS, 2001. AlphaPUMP Technical Description. Genitron Instruments GmbH HeerstraBe No: 149, pp. 6-7, Germany.
  • GENITRON INSTRUMENTS, 2007. AquaKIT Accessory for Radon in Water Measurement in Combination with the Radon Monitor AlphaGUARD. Genitron Instruments GmbH HeerstraBe No: 149, pp.15, Germany.
  • Genrich V, 2006. AlphaGUARD PQ2000/MC50. Multiparameter Radon Monitor, Characterisation of its Physical Properties Under Normal Climatic and Severe Environmental Conditions, Genitron Instruments GmbH. User Manual, Frankfurt, Germany.
  • George AC, 2007. “World history of radon research and measurement from the early 1900s to today.” Natural Radiation Environment Conference VIII (NRE VIII) in Buzios, Brazil, Radon Bulletin of the CRCPD, reprinted in November 2007.
  • Gosink TA, Baskaran M, Holleman DF, 1990. Radon in the human body from drinking water. Health Physics 59(6): 919-920.
  • Gyuk PM, Aruwa A, Dogara MD, Daniel IH, 2017.Annual effective dose of Radon-222 in well water samples in male adults: Idah, Nigeria American Journal of Optics and Photonics 5(4): 45-49.
  • Hussein AS, 2019. Evaluation of the radiation dose from radon ingestion from different types of drinking water samples in Egypt using nuclear track detectors (LR-115 Type II). Radiat Prot Environ 42: 168-72.
  • IAEA, 2002. International Atomic Energy Agency. Specification of Radionuclide Content in Comities Requiring Regulation for Purposes of Radiation Protection Safety Guide.
  • ICRP, 1994. International Commission on Radiological Protection, Protection Against Radon-222 at Home and at Work. Pergamon Press ICRP Publication No:65, pp. 45.
  • Karahan G, Öztürk N, Bayülken A, 2000. Natural radioactivity in various surface waters in İstanbul. Water Research 34(18): 4367-4370.
  • Kayakökü H, Dogru M, 2020. Radon concentration measurements in surface water samples from Van Lake, Turkey using CR-39 Detectors. Bitlis Eren University Journal of Science and Technology 10(1): 35-42.
  • Meisenberg O, Mishra R, Joshi M, Gierl S, Rout R, Guoa L, Agarwal T, Kanse S, Irlinger J, Sapra BK, Tschiersch J, 2017. Radon and thoron inhalation doses in dwellings with earthen architecture: comparison of measurement methods. Science of the Total Environment 579: 1855-1862.
  • Nikolopoulos D, Vogiannis E, Petraki E, Zisos A, Louizi A, 2010. Investigation of the exposure to radon and progeny in the thermal Spas of Loutraki (Attica-Greece): Results from measurements and modelling. Science of the Total Environment 408(3): 495–504.
  • Özdemir Y, Akkaya İ, Oyan V, Kelfoun K, 2016. A debris avalanche at Süphan Stratovolcano (Turkey) and implications for hazard evaluation. Bulletin of Volcanology 78(9): 1-17.
  • Prasad G, Prasad Y, Gusain GS, Ramola RC, 2008. Measurement of radon and thoron levels in soil, water and indoor atmosphere of Budhakedar in Garhwal Himalaya, India. Radiation Measurements 43: 375–379.
  • RWIHC, 2005. Regulation on Water Intended for Human Consumption, O.G. date: 17 Feb 2005, O.G. number: 25730. O.G. Annex 1 (Amended attachment: RG-7/3/2013-28580). Ministry of Health http://shsm.gov.tr. (Date of access: 25 July 2020).
  • Shivakumara BC, Chandrashekara MS, Kavitha E, Paramesh L, 2014. Studies on 226Ra and 222Rn concentration in drinking water of Mandya region, Karnataka State, India. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 7(4): 491-498.
  • Şahin S, 2004. Determination of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity levels of Kangal (Sivas) Fish Spa. Fırat University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Course Seminar.
  • Tanrıverdi E, 2016. Determination of radon activity in waters in the Bitlis region. Bitlis Eren University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Master Thesis.
  • Tarim UA, Gurler O, Akkaya G, Kilic N, Yalcin S, Kaynak G, Gundogdu O, 2011. Evaluation of radon concentration in well and top waters in Bursa. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 150(2): 207-212.
  • Tebbutt THY, 1998. Principles of Water Quality Control (Fifth Edition). Elsevier Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-7506- 3658-2.
  • Tüfekcioğlu F, 2015. The measurement of radon concentration and investigation of discontinuities. Selçuk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences PhD. Thesis.
  • Türkman A, Tokgöz S, Sarptaş H, 1999. Drinking water standards and safe drinking water. 3rd National Environmental Engineering Congress, İzmir, November. 25-26, 1999.
  • UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committe on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), 1993. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. United Nations Sales Publication E.94.IX.2. United Nations, New York.
  • Urban M, Piesch E, 1981. Low-level environmental radon dosimetry with a passive track etch detector device. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 1(2): 97-109.
  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 2011. Proposed Radon in Drinking Water Regulation. DC, EPA: 600/R-09/ 052F.
  • Valkovic V, 2000. Radioactivity in the environment. Elsevier Science B.V. Netherlands.
  • Yalcin S, Gurler O, Akar UT, Incirci F, Kaynak G, Gundogdu O, 2011. Measurements of radon concentration in drinking water samples from Kastamonu (Turkey). Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 47(4): 438-445.
  • Yousef HA, El-Farrash AH, Magdy A, 2017. Radon levels in surface water samples from Manzala Lake East Nile Delta, Egypt using Nuclear Track Detectors. Journal of Nuclear and Particle Physics 7(2): 36-42.
  • WHO (World Health Organization), 2004. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality Recommendations, 1: 206-209.
  • WPCR, 2004. Water Pollution Control Regulation, http://mevzuat.basbakanlik.gov.tr/ Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=7.5.7221&sourceXmlSearch=&MevzuatIliski=0. (Date of access: 25 July 2020).
  • Zorer ÖS, Şahan T, Ceylan H, Doğru M, Şahin S, 2013. 238U and 222Rn activity concentrations and total radioactivity levels in lake waters. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 295(3):1837-1843.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Metroloji,Uygulamalı ve Endüstriyel Fizik
Bölüm Fizik / Physics
Yazarlar

Halime Kayakökü 0000-0003-4036-4012

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Kasım 2020
Kabul Tarihi 4 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kayakökü, H. (2021). Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey). Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 11(2), 1040-1049. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.827579
AMA Kayakökü H. Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey). Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Haziran 2021;11(2):1040-1049. doi:10.21597/jist.827579
Chicago Kayakökü, Halime. “Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey)”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11, sy. 2 (Haziran 2021): 1040-49. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.827579.
EndNote Kayakökü H (01 Haziran 2021) Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey). Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11 2 1040–1049.
IEEE H. Kayakökü, “Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey)”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 11, sy. 2, ss. 1040–1049, 2021, doi: 10.21597/jist.827579.
ISNAD Kayakökü, Halime. “Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey)”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11/2 (Haziran 2021), 1040-1049. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.827579.
JAMA Kayakökü H. Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey). Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2021;11:1040–1049.
MLA Kayakökü, Halime. “Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey)”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 11, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 1040-9, doi:10.21597/jist.827579.
Vancouver Kayakökü H. Determination of Radon Concentrations in Surface Water Samples of Aygır Lake in Bitlis (Turkey). Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2021;11(2):1040-9.