Hidrotermal Olarak Yaşlandırılmış Hibrit Aramid/Cam/Epoksi Kompozitlerin Su Emme Davranışlarının İncelenmesi
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 2255 - 2267, 01.09.2021
Zeynal Abidin Oğuz
,
Ahmet Erkliğ
Öz
Bu çalışmada hidrotermal yaşlanmaya maruz bırakılan hibrit aramid/cam/epoksi kompozit numunelerinin su emilim davranışları deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Vakum destekli reçine infüzyon yöntemi (VARIM) ile üretilen kompozit numuneler saf su ve deniz suyunda 25°C ve 70°C sıcaklıkta 1000 saat boyunca kontrol edilebilir bir yaşlandırma kabininde bekletilmiştir. Farklı uzunluk genişlik-1 (L w-1) oranlarında, 10 ve 15, hazırlanan hibrit kompozitlerin su emilim özellikleri su tipi, sıcaklık ve kompozit katman dizilimi gibi faktörlere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Hibrit kompozit numunelerin su emilim sonuçları, sıcaklığın su emiliminde etkili olduğunu, sıcaklık artışının daha fazla su emilimine neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca, her iki sıcaklıkta saf su ile kıyaslandığında, deniz suyunda yaşlandırılan numuneler genellikle daha fazla su emmiştir. Su alım deneyleri, hibrit kompozit numunelerde katman dizilim şeklinin maksimum su alım oranında son derece etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Numunelerin L w-1 oranının artması her iki sıcaklık ve su tipinde de daha fazla su emilimine sebep olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Gaziantep University Scientific Research Project Governing Unit (BAPYB)
Proje Numarası
MF.DT.19.08
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma, Gaziantep Üniversitesi – Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi tarafından MF.DT.19.08 proje numarasıyla desteklenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Abanilla MA, Li Y, Karbhari VM, 2005. Durability characterization of wet layup graphite/epoxy composites used in external strengthening, Composites Part B: Engineering, 37(2-3): 200-212.
- Abd El-baky MA, 2018. Experimental investigation on impact performance of glass-polypropylene hybrid composites: Effect of water aging, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 1-16.
- Abd El-baky MA, Attia MA, 2018. Water absorption effect on the in-plane shear properties of jute-glass-carbon-reinforced composites using losipescu test, Journal of Composite Materials.
- Aquino EMF, Sarmento LPS, Oliveira W, Silva RV, 2007. Moisture effect on degradation of jute/glass hybrid composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 26(2): 219-223.
- ASTM D5229 Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials.
- Atas C, Dogan A, 2015. An experimental investigation on the repeated impact response of glass/epoxy composites subjected to thermal ageing, Composites Part B, 75: 127-134.
- Bal S, Saha S, 2015. Effect of sea and distilled water conditioning on the overall mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/epoxy composites, International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 26(5): 758-770.
- Bian L, Xiao J, Zeng J, Xing S, 2012. Effects of seawater immersion on water absorption and mechanical properties of GFRP composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 46(25): 3151–3162.
- Boukhoulda FB, Guillaumat L, Lataillade JL, Adda-Bedia E, Lousdad A, 2011. Aging-impact coupling based analysis upon glass/polyester composite material in hygrothermal environment, Materials and Design, 32: 4080–4087.
- Chu W, Wu L, Karbhari VM, 2004. Durability evaluation of moderate temperature cured E-glass/vinyl ester systems, Composite Structures, 66: 367-376.
- Collings TA, Copley SM, 1983. On the accelerated ageing of CFRP, Composites, 14(3): 180–188.
- Doğan NF, Bulut M, Erkliğ A, Bozkurt ÖY, 2019. Mechanical and low velocity impact characterization of carbon/glass hybrid composites with graphene nanoplatelets. Materials Research Express.
- Durgun İ, Vatansever O, Ertan R, Yavuz N, 2014. Otomotiv Sektöründe Kullanılan Kompozit Parça İmalat Yöntemlerinin Deneysel Olarak Karşılaştırılması, Mühendis ve Makina, 55(649): 58-63.
- Erkliğ A, Doğan NF, 2020. Nanographene inclusion effect on the mechanical and low velocity impact response of glass/basalt reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42(83).
- Gupta MK, Deep V, 2018. Effect of water absorption and stacking sequences on the properties of hybrid sisal/glass fibre reinforced polyester composite, Journal of Materials: Design and Application.
- Jesthi DK and Nayak RK, 2019. Improvement of mechanical properties of hybrid composite through interply rearrangement of glass and carbon woven fabrics for marine applications. Composites Part B: Engineering, 168:467–475.
- Jiang X, Kolstein H, Bijlaard F, Qiang X, 2014. Effects of hygrothermal aging on glass-fibre reinforced polymer laminates and adhesive of FRP composite bridge: Moisture diffusion characteristics, Composites: Part A, 57: 49-58.
- Jost W, 1960. Diffusion in solids, liquids, gases, New York: Academic Press.
- Larbi S, Bensaada R, Djebali S, Bilek A, 2016. Experimental and Theoretical Study on Hygrothermal Aging Effect on Mechanical Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Laminates. International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, 10(7): 1239-1242.
- Mourad AHI, Abdel-Magid BM, El-Maaddawy T, Grami M.E, 2010. Effect of seawater and warm environment on glass/epoxy and glass/polyurethane composites. Applied Composite Materials, 17(5): 557-573.
- Oguz ZA, 2021 Hydrothermal aging effect on mechanical properties of hybrid composites, Gaziantep University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ph.D. Thesis.
- Özbek Ö, 2021. Axial and lateral buckling analysis of Kevlar/epoxy fiber-reinforced composite laminates incorporating silica nanoparticles, Polymer Composites, 42: 1109-1122.
- Özbek Ö, Bozkurt ÖY, Erkliğ A. 2020 Low velocity impact behaviors of basalt/epoxy reinforced composite laminates with different fiber orientations, Turkish Journal of Engineering, 4(4): 197-202.
- Özbek Ö, Doğan NF, Bozkurt ÖY, 2020. An experimental investigation on lateral crushing response of glass/ carbon intraply hybrid flament wound composite pipes, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42:389.
- Poodts E, Minak G, Zucchelli A, 2013. Impact of sea-water on the quasi static and fatigue flexural properties of GFRP, Composite Structures, 97: 222–230.
- Ramesh C, Arumugam V, Stanley J, 2013. Effects of hydrolytic aging on glass/epoxy, kevlar/epoxy, and hybrid (glass/kevlar/epoxy) composites. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 2(5): 1589–1596.
- Salleh Z, Taib YM, Hyie KM, Mihat M, Berhan MN, Ghani MAA, 2012. Fracture Toughness Investigation on Long Kenaf/Woven Glass Hybrid Composite due to Water Absorption Effect, Procedia Engineering, 41: 1667-1673.
- Shen, CH, Springer GS, 1976. Moisture absorption and desorption of composite materials, Journal of Composite Material, 10: 2-20.
- Soykok I, Sayman O, Pasinli A, 2013. Effects of hot water aging on failure behavior of mechanically fastened glass fiber/epoxy composite joints, Composites: Part B, 54: 59–70.
- Srivastav PA, Wangikar KS, Kale DJ, 2017. Mechanical characterization and effects of hydrolytic aging on glass kevlar hybrid composites, International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 5(9): 12-17.
- Tanaka K, Minoshima K, Grela W, Komai K, 2002. Characterization of the aramid/epoxy interfacial properties by means of pull-out test and influence of water absorption, Composites Science and Technology, 62: 2169-2177.
- Ulus H, Kaybal HB, Eskizeybek V, Avcı A, 2020. Halloysite nanotube reinforcements endows ameliorated fracture resistance of seawater aged basalt/epoxy composites, Journal of Composite Materials.
- Ulus H. 2021. The impact of seawater aging on basalt/graphene nanoplatelet-epoxy composites: performance evaluating by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and short beam shear (sbs) tests, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1): 412-419.
- Wan YZ, Wang YL, Huang Y, Luo HL, He F, Chen GC, 2006. Moisture absorption in a three-dimensional braided carbon/Kevlar/epoxy hybrid composite for orthopaedic usage and its influence on mechanical performance, Composites: Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37(9): 1480-1484.
- Wang A, Wang X, Xian G, 2020. Mechanical, low-velocity impact, and hydrothermal aging properties of flax/carbon hybrid composite plates, Polymer Testing, 90: doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106759.
- Yan L, Chouw N, 2015. Effect of water, seawater and alkaline solution ageing on mechanical properties of flax fabric/epoxy composites used for civil engineering applications, Construction and Building Materials, 99: 118-127.
- Zafar A, Bertocco F, Schjødt-Thomsen J, Rauhe JC, 2012. Investigation of the long term effects of moisture on carbon fibre and epoxy matrix composites, Composite Science and Technology, 72: 656–666.
Investigation of the Water Absorption Behavior of Hydrothermally Aged Hybrid Aramid/Glass/Epoxy Composites
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 2255 - 2267, 01.09.2021
Zeynal Abidin Oğuz
,
Ahmet Erkliğ
Öz
In this study, water absorption behaviors of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composite samples exposed to hydrothermal aging were experimentally investigated. Composite samples produced by vacuum assisted resin infusion method (VARIM) were kept in distilled water and sea water at 25°C and 70°C for 1000 hours in a controllable aging cabin. The water absorption properties of hybrid composites prepared at different length width- 1 (L w-1) ratios, 10 and 15, were evaluated according to factors such as water type, temperature and composite layer sequence. The water absorption results of the hybrid composite samples showed that temperature is effective in water absorption and the increase in temperature causes more water absorption. Also, samples aged in seawater generally absorbed more water than distilled water at both temperatures. Water intake experiments have shown that the stacking sequence of composites is extremely effective at the maximum water intake ratio in hybrid composite samples. It has been determined that the increase in the L w-1 ratio of the samples causes more water absorption in both temperatures and water types.
Proje Numarası
MF.DT.19.08
Kaynakça
- Abanilla MA, Li Y, Karbhari VM, 2005. Durability characterization of wet layup graphite/epoxy composites used in external strengthening, Composites Part B: Engineering, 37(2-3): 200-212.
- Abd El-baky MA, 2018. Experimental investigation on impact performance of glass-polypropylene hybrid composites: Effect of water aging, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 1-16.
- Abd El-baky MA, Attia MA, 2018. Water absorption effect on the in-plane shear properties of jute-glass-carbon-reinforced composites using losipescu test, Journal of Composite Materials.
- Aquino EMF, Sarmento LPS, Oliveira W, Silva RV, 2007. Moisture effect on degradation of jute/glass hybrid composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 26(2): 219-223.
- ASTM D5229 Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials.
- Atas C, Dogan A, 2015. An experimental investigation on the repeated impact response of glass/epoxy composites subjected to thermal ageing, Composites Part B, 75: 127-134.
- Bal S, Saha S, 2015. Effect of sea and distilled water conditioning on the overall mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/epoxy composites, International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 26(5): 758-770.
- Bian L, Xiao J, Zeng J, Xing S, 2012. Effects of seawater immersion on water absorption and mechanical properties of GFRP composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 46(25): 3151–3162.
- Boukhoulda FB, Guillaumat L, Lataillade JL, Adda-Bedia E, Lousdad A, 2011. Aging-impact coupling based analysis upon glass/polyester composite material in hygrothermal environment, Materials and Design, 32: 4080–4087.
- Chu W, Wu L, Karbhari VM, 2004. Durability evaluation of moderate temperature cured E-glass/vinyl ester systems, Composite Structures, 66: 367-376.
- Collings TA, Copley SM, 1983. On the accelerated ageing of CFRP, Composites, 14(3): 180–188.
- Doğan NF, Bulut M, Erkliğ A, Bozkurt ÖY, 2019. Mechanical and low velocity impact characterization of carbon/glass hybrid composites with graphene nanoplatelets. Materials Research Express.
- Durgun İ, Vatansever O, Ertan R, Yavuz N, 2014. Otomotiv Sektöründe Kullanılan Kompozit Parça İmalat Yöntemlerinin Deneysel Olarak Karşılaştırılması, Mühendis ve Makina, 55(649): 58-63.
- Erkliğ A, Doğan NF, 2020. Nanographene inclusion effect on the mechanical and low velocity impact response of glass/basalt reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42(83).
- Gupta MK, Deep V, 2018. Effect of water absorption and stacking sequences on the properties of hybrid sisal/glass fibre reinforced polyester composite, Journal of Materials: Design and Application.
- Jesthi DK and Nayak RK, 2019. Improvement of mechanical properties of hybrid composite through interply rearrangement of glass and carbon woven fabrics for marine applications. Composites Part B: Engineering, 168:467–475.
- Jiang X, Kolstein H, Bijlaard F, Qiang X, 2014. Effects of hygrothermal aging on glass-fibre reinforced polymer laminates and adhesive of FRP composite bridge: Moisture diffusion characteristics, Composites: Part A, 57: 49-58.
- Jost W, 1960. Diffusion in solids, liquids, gases, New York: Academic Press.
- Larbi S, Bensaada R, Djebali S, Bilek A, 2016. Experimental and Theoretical Study on Hygrothermal Aging Effect on Mechanical Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Laminates. International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, 10(7): 1239-1242.
- Mourad AHI, Abdel-Magid BM, El-Maaddawy T, Grami M.E, 2010. Effect of seawater and warm environment on glass/epoxy and glass/polyurethane composites. Applied Composite Materials, 17(5): 557-573.
- Oguz ZA, 2021 Hydrothermal aging effect on mechanical properties of hybrid composites, Gaziantep University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ph.D. Thesis.
- Özbek Ö, 2021. Axial and lateral buckling analysis of Kevlar/epoxy fiber-reinforced composite laminates incorporating silica nanoparticles, Polymer Composites, 42: 1109-1122.
- Özbek Ö, Bozkurt ÖY, Erkliğ A. 2020 Low velocity impact behaviors of basalt/epoxy reinforced composite laminates with different fiber orientations, Turkish Journal of Engineering, 4(4): 197-202.
- Özbek Ö, Doğan NF, Bozkurt ÖY, 2020. An experimental investigation on lateral crushing response of glass/ carbon intraply hybrid flament wound composite pipes, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42:389.
- Poodts E, Minak G, Zucchelli A, 2013. Impact of sea-water on the quasi static and fatigue flexural properties of GFRP, Composite Structures, 97: 222–230.
- Ramesh C, Arumugam V, Stanley J, 2013. Effects of hydrolytic aging on glass/epoxy, kevlar/epoxy, and hybrid (glass/kevlar/epoxy) composites. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 2(5): 1589–1596.
- Salleh Z, Taib YM, Hyie KM, Mihat M, Berhan MN, Ghani MAA, 2012. Fracture Toughness Investigation on Long Kenaf/Woven Glass Hybrid Composite due to Water Absorption Effect, Procedia Engineering, 41: 1667-1673.
- Shen, CH, Springer GS, 1976. Moisture absorption and desorption of composite materials, Journal of Composite Material, 10: 2-20.
- Soykok I, Sayman O, Pasinli A, 2013. Effects of hot water aging on failure behavior of mechanically fastened glass fiber/epoxy composite joints, Composites: Part B, 54: 59–70.
- Srivastav PA, Wangikar KS, Kale DJ, 2017. Mechanical characterization and effects of hydrolytic aging on glass kevlar hybrid composites, International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 5(9): 12-17.
- Tanaka K, Minoshima K, Grela W, Komai K, 2002. Characterization of the aramid/epoxy interfacial properties by means of pull-out test and influence of water absorption, Composites Science and Technology, 62: 2169-2177.
- Ulus H, Kaybal HB, Eskizeybek V, Avcı A, 2020. Halloysite nanotube reinforcements endows ameliorated fracture resistance of seawater aged basalt/epoxy composites, Journal of Composite Materials.
- Ulus H. 2021. The impact of seawater aging on basalt/graphene nanoplatelet-epoxy composites: performance evaluating by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and short beam shear (sbs) tests, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1): 412-419.
- Wan YZ, Wang YL, Huang Y, Luo HL, He F, Chen GC, 2006. Moisture absorption in a three-dimensional braided carbon/Kevlar/epoxy hybrid composite for orthopaedic usage and its influence on mechanical performance, Composites: Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37(9): 1480-1484.
- Wang A, Wang X, Xian G, 2020. Mechanical, low-velocity impact, and hydrothermal aging properties of flax/carbon hybrid composite plates, Polymer Testing, 90: doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106759.
- Yan L, Chouw N, 2015. Effect of water, seawater and alkaline solution ageing on mechanical properties of flax fabric/epoxy composites used for civil engineering applications, Construction and Building Materials, 99: 118-127.
- Zafar A, Bertocco F, Schjødt-Thomsen J, Rauhe JC, 2012. Investigation of the long term effects of moisture on carbon fibre and epoxy matrix composites, Composite Science and Technology, 72: 656–666.