Features Soil Mountain-Taiga Zone the Middle Urals

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2 Ek:A Sayı: 2 Sp:A, 93 - 100, 30.06.2012

İraida Samofalova Oksana Luzyanina Evgeniya Maulina Lidiya Kulkova

Öz

Feature of the mountain soil formation is that the soil on the mountain slopes are formed in different

bioclimatic and oro-geomorphologic condition and soil conditions are characterized by high contrast and variation.

The features of the morphological structure, a truncated profile (35-75 cm), weakly expression in the differentiation

of the soil profile into individual horizons, and a detritus (20-65 %), loamy fine layer, the signs of podzolization in

the soil profile is not found, despite the presence of spruce - fir forest’ acid litter. Perhaps the high content of total

iron is the cause of the lack of morphological demonstration of the podzolic process. The coefficient of the eluvialilluvial

migration of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 (R2O3) shows the lack of trend, a weak decrease in the genetic component of

the horizon relative to the class. Soils are characterized by a very acidic environment and high hydrolytic acidity,

which was affected by exchange aluminum. The soils of mountain-taiga zone are enriched in organic matter, and

humus profile characterized by prolixity, which is a feature of mountain soils. The investigated soils were specific,

as they can find closer to the brown forest and podzolic type of soils. These soils were unique in terms of soil formation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mountain-taiga zone, special soil formation, mountain soils, the soil profile, the genetic horizon

Orta Urallarda Tayga Dağ Bölgesinin Toprak Özellikleri

Öz

Bir dağın toprak yapısının özelliği gereği dağ yamaçlarındaki toprak farklı biyoiklimsel ve orogeomorfolojik

şartlar altında şekillenir ve dağlık bölgelerde toprak şartları yüksek kontrast ve varyasyonla tanımlanır. Bu araştırmanın

amacı Orta Ural’da dağlık tayga bölgesindeki toprağın özellikleri üzerine çalışmaktır. Kuzey Basegi dağındaki

“Basegi” reservinde 2009-2010’da çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Morfolojik yapı özellikleri: trunkat profil

(35-75 cm), tekil horizonlarda toprak profilinde nadiren farklılaşma, detritus (20-65 %), killi ince toprak, ve asit

kumlu adi ladin ormanlarının görülmesine rağmen toprak profilinde podzollaşma belirtilerinin olmamasıdır. Bu

toprakta, alüminyum ve demir içerikleri arasındaki oran tayga orman bölgesinin podzolik tür düzlük bölümündeki

topraktakinden daha azdır. Belki de podzolik süreçte morfolojik belirtilerin olmayışının nedeni yüksek oranda demir

içeriğinin bulunmasıdır. Al2O3 ve Fe2O3 (R2O3) yıkanma-birikme hareketi katsayısı, soya bağlı genetik horizon

içeriğinde hafif bir düşüş ve yelpazelerin olmadığını gösterir. Topraklar, alüminyum değişimi sebebiyle çok

asitli bir ortam ve yüksek hidrolitik asitlik ile tanımlanır. Tayga Dağ bölgesinin toprağı, dağ topraklarının bir özelliği

olarak organik madde ve humus profili bakımından zengindir. Humuslu dağ-orman kuşağı grup kompozisyonu

organik maddenin taşınması açısından zayıftır. Aşırı nemlilik, düşük sıcaklık, asidik reaksiyon ortam, bitki artıklarından

asit dönüşüm ürünleri, kalsiyum ve magnezyum profilinden süzülen yüksek değiştirilebilir alüminyum

içeriği humusun (hidrolize edilemeyen artık) sabit kısmındaki organik maddenin muhafaza edilmesine katkı sağlar.

g.Severny Basegi örneğindeki dağ-orman kuşağının belirlenen toprak özellikleri bu toprakları kahverengi ormanlar

olarak tanımlamamızı sağlamaz. İncelenen topraklar spesifiktir, çünkü kahverengi orman toprakları ve podzolik

tür topraklarla benzer yönleri bulunabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tayga Dağ bölgesi, toprak oluşumu, dağ toprakları, toprak profili, genetik horizon

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