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Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Sclerotia ve Fonksiyonel Gıda Olarak Kullanımı

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 23 - 36, 30.09.2012

Öz

İnsan beslenmesinde kullanılan mantarların en yaygın yenilebilir kısımları mantar sap ve şapkası iken, bazı mantar türlerinin sclerotiası da tüketilebilmektedir. Sclerotia, bazı makromantarlarda besin içeren sertleşmiş mantar misellerinin sıkı yapı gösteren kitlesidir. Sclerotia sağladığı besin maddeleri ve onu yiyen insanlar üzerindeki etkileri nedeniyle “felsefe taşı” olarak bilinmektedir. Sclerotia oluşturan başlıca yenilebilir ve/veya tıbbi mantarlar Morchella türleri, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Polyporus rhinocerus, Lentinus squarrosulus, WolŞporia cocos, Grifola umbellata, Omphalia lapidenscens, Xylaria nigripes, Psilocybe atlantis, P. tampanensis, P. mexicana ve P. galindoi türleridir. Bu makalede sclerotia oluşumu ve yapısı, biyokimyasal, besinsel, teknolojik ve biyofarmokolojik özellikleri ve bazı mantar türlerinin sclerotiasının yetiştiriciliği hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Fonksiyonel gıda olarak mantar sclerotiasının potansiyel rolü, fiziksel, kimyasal özellikleri ile fizyolojik faydaları ve kontrollü koşullarda mantar sclerotiasının yetiştiriciliği hakkında daha kapsamlı araştırılmaların yapılması gerekmektedir

Kaynakça

  • Adejoye, O.D., Awotona, F.E., Mesewonrun, O.T., 2009. Growth and yield of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer, a Nigeri- an edible mushroom, as affected by supplements. Advances in Food Sciences, 31(4): 214-217.
  • Alobo, A.P., 2003. Proximate composition and functional properties of Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotia flour and protein concent- rate. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 58(3): 1-9.
  • Alvarado-Castillo, G., Mata, G., Pérez-Vázquez, A., Martínez- Carrera, D., Tablada, M.E.N., Gallardo-López, F., Osorio- Acosta, F., 2011. Morchella sclerotia production through grain supplementation. Interciencia, 36(10): 768-773.
  • American Diabetic Association (ADA), 2002. Position of the Ame- rican Dietetic Association: Health implication of dietary fiber. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102: 993-1000.
  • Anonymous, 2012a. http://www.azarius.net/smartshop/shrooms/ mushroom_growing/ (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012b. Morchella spp. kültürü yapılan yenilebilir mantarlar. http://www.turkiyesel.com/mantar-yetistiriciligi- kitabi-profdratila-gunay/19478-morchella-spp-kulturu- yapilan-yenilebilir-mantarlar-mertugrul -ilbay.html (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012c. Mushroom sclerotia. http://accessscience.com/ content/Mushroom%20sclerotia/YB120271 (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012d. Sclerotial development. http://www.scle- rotia.org/lifecycle/sclerotial-development (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012e. Empowering farmers, powering research- delivering improwed food security. http://www.plantwise.org/ default.aspx?site=234&page=4279&dsID=49155 (Erişim ta- rihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012f. Growbox philosopher stones, tampanensis. http://english.highstreet.nl/amsterdam/ Philosopher-Stones-Tampanensis-p-16308.html (Erişim tari- hi: 15.05.2012). catalog/Growbox
  • Anonymous, 2012g. Sclerotia? http://preterhuman.net/texts/drugs/ nansnook3c/tek/sclerotia.html (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012h. Sclerotia “Tampanensis”. http://www.drgre- enstore.com/Mushroom-Cultivation/Magic-Mushroom/ Psilocybe-Sclerotia-Tampanensis-10-Gr.?zenid=1glrk4ksl260 co9tdsfbrbnne3 (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012i. World of mushrooms. http://www.zimbio.com/ Wild+Mushrooms/articles/wSadXw25_t9/ Sclerotium+ Philo sopher+Stone+Effects+Sclerotia (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Bullock, S., Willetts, H.J., 1996. Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on mycelial germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia mi- nor. Mycological Research, 100: 561-570.
  • Bullock, S., Willetts, H.J., Ashford, A.E., 1980. The structure and histochemistry of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor Jagger. I. Light and electron microscope studies on sclerotial develop- ment. Protoplasma, 104(3): 315-331.
  • Buscot, F., 1993. Mycelial differentiation of Morchella esculenta in pure culture. Mycological Research, 97(2): 136-149.
  • Carlisle, M.J., Watkinson, S.C., Gooday, G.W., 2001. The Fungi, 2nd ed. London: Academic, 57(83): 171-172.
  • Cashman, K., 2003. Prebiotics and calcium bioavailability. Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology, 4, 21–32. Central Agricultu- ral Broadcasting and Television School and National Farmer’s Science and Technology Education Training Centre (CABTS/ NFSTTC) (2006). Yao Yong Zhen Jun Gao Xiao Sheng Chan Xin Ji Shu. Beijing: Zhong Guo Nong Ye Chu Ban She, pp. 102-111.
  • Cheung, P.C.K., Lee, M.Y., 2000. Fractionation and characteriza- tion of mushroom dietary fiber (nonstarch polysaccharides) as potential nutraceuticals from sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber- regium (Fries) Singer. Journal of Agricultural and Food Che- mistry, 48: 3148−3151.
  • Fasidi, I.O., Ekuere, U.U., 1993. Studies on Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) Singer: cultivation, proximate composition and mine- ral contents of sclerotia. Food Chemistry, 48(3): 255-258.
  • Gao, S., Lai, C.K.M., Cheung, P.C.K., 2009. Nondigestible car- bohydrates ısolated from medicinal mushroom sclerotia as no- vel prebiotics. International Journal for Medicinal Mushro- oms, 11(1): 1-8.
  • Georgiou, C.D., Patsoukis, N., Papapostolou, I., Zervoudakis, G., 2006. Sclerotial metamorphosis in filamentous fungi is indu- ced by oxidative stress. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 46(6): 691-712.
  • Güler, P., Özkaya, E.G., 2008. Sclerotial structures of Morchella co- nica in agar media with different carbohydrates. Acta Alimen- taria, 37(3): 347-357.
  • Harrington, M.E., Flynn, A., Cashman, K.D., 2001. Effects of die- tary fiber extracts on calcium absorption in the rat. Food Che- mistry, 73(3): 263-269.
  • He, P.X., Meng, L., Wang, Z.H., Xu, G.F., Yuan, G.R., Yang, H.Z., 2000. Special new thirty edible fungus . Beijing: Zhong Guo Nong Ye Chu Ban She, pp. 144-147 (in Chinese).
  • Huang, N., Guo, M., Huang, L., 1996. Tiger milk mushroom (Pleu- rotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Sing.) and its cultivation. Edible Fun- gi of China, 16: 13-14.
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Sclerotia Obtained from Mushrooms and Its Use as Functional Food

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 23 - 36, 30.09.2012

Öz

The fruiting bodies of mushrooms are the most common edible form in the human diet, but the

sclerotia of some mushroom species can also be consumed. Sclerotia are compact mass of hardened fungal mycelia

containig food reserve in some macrofungi. It is named as philosopher’s stone thanks to the nutrients it provides

and its effect to the people who eat it. The sclerotia-forming, edible, and/or medicinal mushrooms are mainly

Morchella spp., Pleurotus tuber-regium, Polyporus rhinocerus, Lentinus squarrosulus, Wolfiporia cocos, Grifola

umbellata, Omphalia lapidenscens, Xylaria nigripes, Psilocybe atlantis, P. tampanensis, P. mexicana and P. galindoi.

In this review, formation and structure of sclerotia, biochemical, nutritional, technological characteristics and

biopharmacological values of mushroom sclerotia and cultivation of some mushroom sclerotia are presented. Potential

role of mushroom sclerotia as a functional food, physical and chemical properties and physiological benefits

of mushroom sclerotia and the cultivation of mushroom sclerotia under controlled artificial conditions should be

investigated comprehensively.

Kaynakça

  • Adejoye, O.D., Awotona, F.E., Mesewonrun, O.T., 2009. Growth and yield of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer, a Nigeri- an edible mushroom, as affected by supplements. Advances in Food Sciences, 31(4): 214-217.
  • Alobo, A.P., 2003. Proximate composition and functional properties of Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotia flour and protein concent- rate. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 58(3): 1-9.
  • Alvarado-Castillo, G., Mata, G., Pérez-Vázquez, A., Martínez- Carrera, D., Tablada, M.E.N., Gallardo-López, F., Osorio- Acosta, F., 2011. Morchella sclerotia production through grain supplementation. Interciencia, 36(10): 768-773.
  • American Diabetic Association (ADA), 2002. Position of the Ame- rican Dietetic Association: Health implication of dietary fiber. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102: 993-1000.
  • Anonymous, 2012a. http://www.azarius.net/smartshop/shrooms/ mushroom_growing/ (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012b. Morchella spp. kültürü yapılan yenilebilir mantarlar. http://www.turkiyesel.com/mantar-yetistiriciligi- kitabi-profdratila-gunay/19478-morchella-spp-kulturu- yapilan-yenilebilir-mantarlar-mertugrul -ilbay.html (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012c. Mushroom sclerotia. http://accessscience.com/ content/Mushroom%20sclerotia/YB120271 (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012d. Sclerotial development. http://www.scle- rotia.org/lifecycle/sclerotial-development (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012e. Empowering farmers, powering research- delivering improwed food security. http://www.plantwise.org/ default.aspx?site=234&page=4279&dsID=49155 (Erişim ta- rihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012f. Growbox philosopher stones, tampanensis. http://english.highstreet.nl/amsterdam/ Philosopher-Stones-Tampanensis-p-16308.html (Erişim tari- hi: 15.05.2012). catalog/Growbox
  • Anonymous, 2012g. Sclerotia? http://preterhuman.net/texts/drugs/ nansnook3c/tek/sclerotia.html (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012h. Sclerotia “Tampanensis”. http://www.drgre- enstore.com/Mushroom-Cultivation/Magic-Mushroom/ Psilocybe-Sclerotia-Tampanensis-10-Gr.?zenid=1glrk4ksl260 co9tdsfbrbnne3 (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Anonymous, 2012i. World of mushrooms. http://www.zimbio.com/ Wild+Mushrooms/articles/wSadXw25_t9/ Sclerotium+ Philo sopher+Stone+Effects+Sclerotia (Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2012).
  • Bullock, S., Willetts, H.J., 1996. Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on mycelial germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia mi- nor. Mycological Research, 100: 561-570.
  • Bullock, S., Willetts, H.J., Ashford, A.E., 1980. The structure and histochemistry of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor Jagger. I. Light and electron microscope studies on sclerotial develop- ment. Protoplasma, 104(3): 315-331.
  • Buscot, F., 1993. Mycelial differentiation of Morchella esculenta in pure culture. Mycological Research, 97(2): 136-149.
  • Carlisle, M.J., Watkinson, S.C., Gooday, G.W., 2001. The Fungi, 2nd ed. London: Academic, 57(83): 171-172.
  • Cashman, K., 2003. Prebiotics and calcium bioavailability. Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology, 4, 21–32. Central Agricultu- ral Broadcasting and Television School and National Farmer’s Science and Technology Education Training Centre (CABTS/ NFSTTC) (2006). Yao Yong Zhen Jun Gao Xiao Sheng Chan Xin Ji Shu. Beijing: Zhong Guo Nong Ye Chu Ban She, pp. 102-111.
  • Cheung, P.C.K., Lee, M.Y., 2000. Fractionation and characteriza- tion of mushroom dietary fiber (nonstarch polysaccharides) as potential nutraceuticals from sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber- regium (Fries) Singer. Journal of Agricultural and Food Che- mistry, 48: 3148−3151.
  • Fasidi, I.O., Ekuere, U.U., 1993. Studies on Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) Singer: cultivation, proximate composition and mine- ral contents of sclerotia. Food Chemistry, 48(3): 255-258.
  • Gao, S., Lai, C.K.M., Cheung, P.C.K., 2009. Nondigestible car- bohydrates ısolated from medicinal mushroom sclerotia as no- vel prebiotics. International Journal for Medicinal Mushro- oms, 11(1): 1-8.
  • Georgiou, C.D., Patsoukis, N., Papapostolou, I., Zervoudakis, G., 2006. Sclerotial metamorphosis in filamentous fungi is indu- ced by oxidative stress. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 46(6): 691-712.
  • Güler, P., Özkaya, E.G., 2008. Sclerotial structures of Morchella co- nica in agar media with different carbohydrates. Acta Alimen- taria, 37(3): 347-357.
  • Harrington, M.E., Flynn, A., Cashman, K.D., 2001. Effects of die- tary fiber extracts on calcium absorption in the rat. Food Che- mistry, 73(3): 263-269.
  • He, P.X., Meng, L., Wang, Z.H., Xu, G.F., Yuan, G.R., Yang, H.Z., 2000. Special new thirty edible fungus . Beijing: Zhong Guo Nong Ye Chu Ban She, pp. 144-147 (in Chinese).
  • Huang, N., Guo, M., Huang, L., 1996. Tiger milk mushroom (Pleu- rotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Sing.) and its cultivation. Edible Fun- gi of China, 16: 13-14.
  • Huang, N.L., 1999a. Identification of the scientific name of Huru- lingzhi. Acta Edulis Fungi, 6: 30-32.
  • Huang, N.L., 1999b. A new species of medicinal mushroom- cultivation of Hurulingzhi. Edible Fungi China, 18: 8-9.
  • Huang, N.L., 2000. Current and future perspectives on producti- on of edible mushroom in China. Edible Fungi China, 4: 3-5.
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  • Zhang, M., Cheung, P.C.K., Zhang, L., 2001. Evaluation of mush- room dietary fiber (nonstarch polysaccharides) from sclero- tia of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) Singer as a potential an- titumor agent. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(10): 5059-5062.
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  • Zhang, M., Zhang, L., Cheung, P.C.K., Ooi, V.E.C., 2004b. Mole- cular weight and anti-tumor activity of the water-soluble poly- saccharides isolated by hot water and ultrasonic treatment from the sclerotia and mycelia of Pleurotus tuber-regium. Car- bohydrate Polymers, 56(2): 123-128.
  • Zhang, M., Cheung, P.C.K., Ooi, V.E.C., Zhang, L., 2004c. Evalu- ation of sulfated fungal beta-glucans from the sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium as a potential water-soluble anti-viral agent. Carbohydrate Research, 339(13): 2297-2301.
  • Zhang, G., Zeng, X., Han, L., Wei, J.A., Huang, H., 2010. Diuretic activity and kidney medulla AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, V2R exp- ression of the aqueous extract of sclerotia of Polyporus um- bellatus Fries in normal rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 128(2): 433-437.
Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Bahçe Bitkileri / Horticulture
Yazarlar

Beyhan Kibar Bu kişi benim

Aysun Pekşen Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2012
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2012
Kabul Tarihi 9 Temmuz 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kibar, B., & Pekşen, A. (2012). Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Sclerotia ve Fonksiyonel Gıda Olarak Kullanımı. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 2(3), 23-36.
AMA Kibar B, Pekşen A. Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Sclerotia ve Fonksiyonel Gıda Olarak Kullanımı. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Ekim 2012;2(3):23-36.
Chicago Kibar, Beyhan, ve Aysun Pekşen. “Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Sclerotia Ve Fonksiyonel Gıda Olarak Kullanımı”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 2, sy. 3 (Ekim 2012): 23-36.
EndNote Kibar B, Pekşen A (01 Ekim 2012) Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Sclerotia ve Fonksiyonel Gıda Olarak Kullanımı. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 2 3 23–36.
IEEE B. Kibar ve A. Pekşen, “Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Sclerotia ve Fonksiyonel Gıda Olarak Kullanımı”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 2, sy. 3, ss. 23–36, 2012.
ISNAD Kibar, Beyhan - Pekşen, Aysun. “Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Sclerotia Ve Fonksiyonel Gıda Olarak Kullanımı”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 2/3 (Ekim 2012), 23-36.
JAMA Kibar B, Pekşen A. Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Sclerotia ve Fonksiyonel Gıda Olarak Kullanımı. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2012;2:23–36.
MLA Kibar, Beyhan ve Aysun Pekşen. “Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Sclerotia Ve Fonksiyonel Gıda Olarak Kullanımı”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 2, sy. 3, 2012, ss. 23-36.
Vancouver Kibar B, Pekşen A. Mantarlardan Elde Edilen Sclerotia ve Fonksiyonel Gıda Olarak Kullanımı. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2012;2(3):23-36.