Sebze Börülce (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Islah Hatlarının Çeşit Geliştirme Amacıyla Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 9 - 18, 31.12.2012

Erkut Pekşen , Aysun Pekşen

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin 27 yerel börülce populasyonundan bazı bitkisel özellikleri ve taze meyve verimine

dayanarak tek bitki seleksiyonu ile geliştirilen ileri börülce ıslah hatlarını Akkız-86 ve Karagöz-86 kontrol çeşitleri

ile karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Tarla denemeleri Şansa Bağlı Bloklar Deneme

desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak düzenlenmiş ve Samsun ilinin Kurupelit ve Ambarköprü lokasyonlarında

2005 ve 2006 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Birleştirilmiş sonuçlara göre en üstün hat 18.0 t ha-1 taze verim ile L3 olarak

bulunmuştur. Bunu L12 ve L13 hatları ile Karagöz-86 çeşidi izlemiştir. Taze meyve verimi bakımından genotip

çevre interaksiyonu çok önemli (P<0.01) bulunmuştur. Stabilite analizi, tüm hat/çeşitler arasında L3 hattının optimum

çevre şartlarında en iyi uyum gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. L3, L12, L1 ve L9 dışında kalan tüm börülce

hat/çeşitleri tüm çevrelere orta derecede uyumlu olarak bulunmuştur. İki yıllık çalışma sonuçlarına dayanarak, L3,

L12 ve L13 hatları gevrek, ince, kılçıksız ve lezzetli meyveleri nedeniyle sebze yetiştiriciliği için önerilmiştir. L3

ve L13 börülce hatları 15 Nisan 2011’de TTSM (Tohumluk Tescil ve Sertifikasyon Merkezi) tarafından Türkiye’nin

ilk sebze börülce çeşitleri olarak sırasıyla Pekşen ve Reyhan adları ile tescil edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Börülce, çeşit geliştirme, taze meyve verimi, Vigna unguiculata

Evaluation of Vegetable Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Breeding Lines for Cultivar Development

Öz

This study was conducted to evaluate 12 advanced cowpea breeding lines developed from 27 local

cowpea populations of Turkey using single plant selection based on some plant characteristics and fresh pod yield

in comparison with Akkız-86 and Karagöz-86 control cultivars. Field experiments were arranged in randomized

complete block design with three replications and conducted at Kurupelit and Ambarköprü locations of Samsun,

Turkey in 2005 and 2006. According to combined results, L3 was the superior line for fresh pod yield by 18.0 t ha-

1. It was followed by L12, L13 lines and Karagöz-86 cultivar. Genotype x environment interaction was significant

(P<0.01) for fresh pod yield. Stability analysis revealed that L3 line showed the best adaptation in optimal environmental

conditions among all lines/cultivars. All cowpea lines/cultivars were found to be moderately adaptable to

all environmental conditions with the exception of L3, L12, L1 and L9. Based on the two years study results, L3,

L12 and L13 lines were recommended for the vegetable cowpea cultivation because of their crisp, slender, stringless

and tasty pods. L3 and L13 lines were registered as the first vegetable cowpea cultivars in Turkey under the

name of Pekşen and Reyhan, respectively, in April 15, 2011 by VRSCC (Variety Registration and Seed Certification

Center, Turkey).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cowpea, cultivar development, fresh pod yield, Vigna unguiculata

Kaynakça

• Bozoğlu, H., Pekşen, E., 2009. Some characteristics of dry seed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) lines that are candidates for registration. Turkey VIII. Field Crops Congress (19-22 Ekim 2009), 343-346, Hatay (in Turkish).
• Dadson, R.B, Hashem, F.M, Javaid, I., Allen, A.L., Devine, T.E., 2005. Effect of water stress on yield of cowpea (Vigna un- guiculata L. Walp.) genotypes in the Delmarva region of the United States. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 191: 210-217.
• Eberhart, S.A., Russell, W.A., 1966. Stability parameters for com- paring varieties. Crop Science, 6: 36-40.
• Ehlers, J.D., Hall, A.E., 1997. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Field Crops Research, 53: 187-204.
• Gani, A.M., Yahaya, S.U., Auwalu, B.M., 2003. The performance of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) varieties in Bauchi, Nigeria. Agricultural Business Technology of Jour- nal, 1(1): 62-73.
• Gülümser, A., Tosun F., Bozoğlu, H., 1989. A study on the produc- tion of cowpea under the ecological conditions of Samsun. Journal of Agriculture Faculty, OMU., 4(1-2): 49-65 (in Turk- ish).
• Hall, A.E., 2004. Breeding for adaptation to drought and heat in cowpea. European Journal of Agronomy, 21: 447-454.
• Hall, A.E., Ismail, A.M., Ehlers, J.D., Marfo, K.O., Cisse, N., Thi- aw, S., Close, T.J., 2002. Breeding cowpeas for tolerance to temperature extremes and adaptation to drought. Challenges and Opportunities for Enhancing Sustainable Cowpea Produc- tion (Editors: C.A. Fatokun, S.A. Tarawali, B.B. Singh, P.M. Kormawa, M. Tamo), International Institute of Tropical Agri- culture, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp. 14-21.
• Ibrahim, U., Auwalu, B.M., Udom, G.N., 2010. Effect of stage and intensity of defoliation on the performance of vegetable cow- pea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). World Journal of Agricul- tural, 6(4): 460-465.
• Kutty, C.N., Mili R., Jaikumaran, U., 2003. Correlation and path coefficient analysis in vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Indian Journal of Horticulture, 60: 257-261.
• Kuykendall, L.D., Hashem, F.M., Dadson R.B., Elkan, G.K., 2000. Nitrogen fixation. Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Editor: J. Lederberg), Academic Press, pp. 329-404.
• Martins, L.M.V., Xavier, G.R., Rangel, F.W., Ribeiro, J.R.A., Neves, M.C.P., Morgado L.B., Rumjanek, N.G., 2003. Contribution of biological fixation to cowpea: A strategy for improving seed yield in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 38: 333-339.
• Nwofia, G.E., 2012. Yield and yield components in vegetable cow- pea on an ultisol. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(28): 4097-4103.
• Ofir, M., Gross, Y., Bangerth F., Kigel, J., 1993. High temperature effects on pod and seed production as related to hormone lev- els and abscission of reproductive structures in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Scientia Horiculturae, 55: 201-211.
• Ombakho, G.A., Tyagi, A.P., 1987. Correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and its components in cowpea (Vigna un- guiculata (L.) Walp.). East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 53: 23-37.
• Özturan, Y., Gülümser, A., 2004. The effects of raw spacing and ni- trogen fertilization on yield and yield components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Journal of Agriculture Fac- ulty, OMU., 19(3): 41-49 (in Turkish).
• Pandey, Y.R., Pun A.B., Mishra, R.C., 2006. Evaluation of vegeta- ble type cowpea varieties for commercial production in the river basin and low hill areas. Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, 7: 16-20.
• Pekşen, E., Pekşen, A., Bozoğlu, H., Gülümser, A., 2000. Determi- nation of some seed characteristics in different cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes. Journal of Agriculture Fac- ulty, OMU., 15 (2): 65-72 (in Turkish).
• Pekşen, A., Pekşen, E., Bozoğlu, H., 2002. Effects of sowing dates on yield and quality of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes grown in greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae, 579: 351- 354.
• Pekşen, A., 2004. Fresh pod yield and some pod characteristics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes from Turkey. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3: 269-273.
• Pekşen, E., Artık, C., 2004. Comparison of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes from Turkey for seed yield and yield related characters. Journal of Agronomy, 3: 137-140.
• Pekşen, E., Artık, C., Palabıyık, B., 2005. Determination of geno- typical differences for leaf characteristics in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes. Asian Journal of Plant Sci- ences, 4: 95-97.
• Pekşen, E., 2007. Dynamics of flower appearance, flowering, pod and seed setting performance and their relations to seed yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(2): 485-496.
• Santos, C.A.F., de Araujo F.P., Menezes, E.A., 2000. Yield perfor- mance of cowpea genotypes under irrigated and rainfed condi- tions in Petrolina and Juazeiro, Brazil. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 35: 2229-2234.
• TurkStat, 2012. Turkish Statistical Institute. http://www.tuik.gov. tr/VeriBilgi.do?alt_id=45 (Date of accessed: 31.10.2012), (in Turkish).
• Umaharan, P., Ariyanayagam R.P., Haque, S.Q., 1997. Genetic anal- ysis of yield and its components in vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Euphytica, 96: 207-213.