New Strategies in Control of Plant Viruses: Resistance Development to Virus Infections and Their Vectors

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 19 - 28, 31.12.2012

Serkan Yeşil , Filiz Ertunç

Öz

Virus diseases, which decrease quality and quantity of crop yield, have importance because of the

difficulties in control. The most efficient methods to control virus diseases are use of virus-free plant material,

breeding resistant varieties to viruses or vectors, controlling vector organisms to prevent the viral diseases. Recently,

development of resistant varieties became one of the prevalent methods. Besides the naturally resistant

varieties, it can be obtained by classically crossing of varieties containing natural resistance genes with commercial

varieties or by genetic engineering methods in two decades. There are three main trans-gene sources to obtain resistant

transgenic plants against virus infections. Naturally resistance genes, pathogen derived resistance genes and

various genes are obtained from the other sources. Pathogen derived resistance is commonly used comparing to the

others. These methods are based on understanding of molecular interactions in pathogenesis and interference of

these interactions against plant pathogens. The most commonly used methods are transfer coat protein (CP) gene

of target virus and gene silencing (Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing). In this review, the methods for making

resistant plants against viruses and vectors are summarized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Virus diseases, natural resistance, pathogen derived resistance, coat protein gene

Bitki Virüsleriyle Mücadelede Yeni Stratejiler: Virüs Enfeksiyonlarına ve Vektörlerine Karşı Dayanıklılığın Geliştirilmesi

Öz

Kültür bitkilerinde kalite ve verim azalışına sebep olan virüs hastalıkları mücadele zorluğu açısından ayrı

bir önem taşımaktadır. Virüsten ari (virüssüz) üretim materyali kullanmak, virüse ve vektör organizmaya dayanıklılık

ıslahı ve vektör organizmalarla mücadele ederek hastalığın bulaşmasını engellemek viral hastalık etmenleriyle

mücadelede en etkili yöntemlerdir. Üzerinde en fazla çalışılan yöntem virüslere karşı dayanıklı bitki genotiplerinin

geliştirilmesidir. Virüslere dayanıklı çeşitler, hem doğal dayanıklılık genleri içeren hatlarla ekonomik değeri

olan çeşitlerin tozlaştırılması şeklinde klasik ıslah metotlarıyla hem de son yıllarda, genetik mühendisliği yöntemleri

kullanılarak transgenik olarak elde edilebilmektedir. Bitkileri virüslere karşı dayanıklı hale getirmek için üç temel

transgen kaynağından faydalanılmaktadır. Bunlar doğal dayanıklılık genleri, viral sekanslardan türetilen genler

(Patojen kaynaklı dayanıklılık) ve diğer kaynaklardan elde edilen ve hedef virüsü engelleyici çeşitli genlerdir.

Patojen kaynaklı dayanıklılık (PDR) uygulamalarının temeli, patojenezdeki moleküler etkileşimlerin anlaşılması

ve bunların patojen aleyhine bozulmasıdır. Hedef virüsün kılıf proteini (CP) geninin aktarılması ve transkripsiyon

sonrası gen susturulması (Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing) patojen kaynaklı dayanıklılıkta son yıllarda en çok

üzerinde durulan uygulamalardır. Bu derlemede bitki patojeni virüslerle mücadelede özellikle virüslere ve vektörlerine

karşı kültür bitkilerini dayanıklı hale getirme yöntemleri özetlenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Virüs hastalıkları, doğal dayanıklılık, patojen kaynaklı dayanıklılık, kılıf proteini geni

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