Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Determination, Recovery and Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Commonly Used Pesticides in Some Types of Date Fruits

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 2861 - 2874, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1273594

Öz

In this study, five types of dates imported from different countries, namely Iran, Medina, Tunisia, Jerusalem, and Baghdad, were selected to determine the antioxidant activity properties of dates. In addition, 10 pesticide residues used in date plants were analyzed and the effects of pesticide residues on recovery using were investigated. Antioxidant activities of the date extracts were determined by using DPPH and Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent assays. Pesticide residue studies were performed by using LC-MS-MS technique and recovery studies were carried out by using AOAC.2007.01 and 15662 Quechers methods Antioxidant activity and total phenol contents of date fruit were affected by location, genetic variability, environmental characteristics, maturation stages, and extraction methods. A lot of residual pesticides were determined in the extracts. It was determined that the Dioxacarb residue in the Medina date fruit was above the tolerance limit. According to AOAC 2007.01 Quechers method, the highest recovery of Chlorpyrifos Methylin was found as 57.069 in Medina date. In the study, it was determined that date extracts showed lower antioxidant activity compared to standard antioxidants. Many pesticide residues were detected in the pesticide analyzes made on dates, and some of them were found to be above the specified limits. It is of great importance that the pesticide residue amounts in foodstuffs are determined beforehand and not exceed the tolerance limits, both in terms of consumer health and in terms of not returning the exported food products. Within the scope of the study, pesticide residues commonly used in Date fruit were analyzed and determined.

Proje Numarası

2019-046

Kaynakça

  • Abbès, F., Kchaou, W., Blecker, C., Ongena, M., Lognay, G., Attia, H. & Besbes, S. (2013). Effect of processing conditions on phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of date syrup. Ind. Crops Prod., 44, 634–642.
  • Abul-Soad, A. A., Jain, S. M., Jatoi, M. A. (2017). Biodiversity and conservation of woody plants. Sustainable development and biodiversity,17, 313–353.
  • Agrawal, A., Pandey, R. S., Sharma, B. (2010). Water Pollution with Special Reference to Pesticide Contamination in India. J. Water Resour. Prot., 02(05), 432–448.
  • Ahmadinejad, F., Møller, S. G., Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori, M., Bidkhori, G., Jami, M. S. (2017). Molecular mechanisms behind free radical scavengers function against oxidative stress. Antioxidants, 2017, 6(3), 51.
  • Alder, L., Greulich, K., Kempe, G., Vieth, B. (2006). Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides: Better by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 25(6), 838–865.
  • Al-Harrasi, A., Rehman, N. U., Hussain, J., Khan, A. L., Al-Rawahi, A., Gilani, S. A., Al-Broumi, M., Ali, L. (2014). Nutritional assessment and antioxidant analysis of 22 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) varieties growing in Sultanate of Oman. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 7(S1), 591–S598.
  • Al-Yahyai, R., Manickavasagan, A. (2012). Dates production, processing, food, and medicinal values an Overview. Date Palm Prod., 24(5), 1–10.
  • Asmussen, C. B., Dransfield, J., Deickmann, V., Barfod, A. S., Pintaud, J. C., Baker, W. J. (2016). In A new subfamily classification of the palm family (Arecaceae): Evidence from plastid DNA phylogeny. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 151(1), 15–38.
  • Benmeddour, Z., Mehinagic, E., Meurlay, D., Louaileche, H. (2013). Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of ten Algerian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars: A comparative study. J. Funct. Foods., 5(1), 346–354.
  • Biglari, F., AlKarkhi, A. F. M., Easa, A. M. (2008). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran. Food Chem., 107(4), 1636–1641.
  • Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25–30.
  • Carlile, B. (2006). Pesticide selectivity, health and the environment. Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511617874.
  • Chaira, N., Mrabet, A., Ferchichi, A. (2009). Evaluation of antioxidant activity, Phenolics, sugar and mineral contents in date palm fruits. J. Food Biochem., 33(3), 390–403.
  • Cieślik, E., Sadowska-Rociek, A., Ruiz, J. M. M., Surma-Zadora, M. (2011). Evaluation of QuEChERS method for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in selected groups of fruits. Food Chem., 125(2), 773–778.
  • Costa, F. P., Caldas, S. S., Primel, E. G. (2014). Comparison of QuEChERS sample preparation methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in canned and fresh peach. Food Chem., 165(16), 587–593.
  • Cserháti, T., Forgács, E., Deyl, Z., Miksik, I., Eckhardt, A. (2004). Chromatographic determination of herbicide residues in various matrices. Biomedical Chromatography. 18(6), 350–359.
  • Çetinkaya, A. Ö. (2015). Pestisit Analizleri Eğitim Notu. T.C. Gida Tarim Ve Hayvanc. Bakanl. Ulus. Gida Ref. Laboratuvari., 32, 13.
  • Dinesh, R. (2021). The role of antioxidants and ROS scavenging machinery in wild mushrooms. In New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering. Elsevier, 245–251.
  • Dransfield, J., Uhl, N. W., Asmussen, C. B., Baker, W. J., Harley, M. M. (2005). A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae. Kew Bull., 60(4), 559–569.
  • Elshibli, S. (2009). Genetic Diversity and Adaptation of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L .), Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, for public criticism in Viikki, Auditorium B5 on December, 1–77.
  • Gezer, K., Duru, M. E., Kivrak, I., Turkoglu, A., Mercan, N., Turkoglu, H., Gulcan, S. (2006). Free-radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial activity of wild edible mushroom from Turkey. African J. Biotechnol., 5(20), 1924–1928.
  • Gil, M. I., Tomás-Barberán, F. A., Hess-Pierce, B., Kader, A. A. (2012). Antioxidant capacities, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and vitamin C contents of nectarine, peach, and plum cultivars from California. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50(17), 4976–4982.
  • Gutowski, M., Kowalczyk, S. (2013). A study of free radical chemistry: Their role and pathophysiological significance. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 60(1), 1–16.
  • Hifnawy, M. S., Mahrous, A. M. K., Ashour, R. M. S. (2016). Phytochemical investigation of Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud leaves and pollen grains. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 6(12), 103–109.
  • Kaur, R., Mavi, G. K., Raghav, S., Khan, I. (2019). Pesticides Classification and its Impact on Environment. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 2019, no. 8(03), pp. 1889–1897.
  • Kchaou, W., Abbès, F., Mansour, R., Blecker, C., Attia, H., Besbes, S. (2016). Phenolic profile, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of second grade date extract from Tunisian cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Food Chem., 194, 1048–1055.
  • Lawal, A., Wong, R. C. S., Tan, G. H., Abdulra’Uf, L. B., Alsharif, A. M. A. (2018). Recent modifications and validation of QuEChERS-dSPE coupled to LC-MS and GC-MS instruments for determination of pesticide/agrochemical residues in fruits and vegetables: Review. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 56(7), 656–669.
  • Lorenz, P., Roychowdhury, S., Engelmann, M., Wolf, G., Horn, T. F. W. (2003). Oxyresveratrol and resveratrol are potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers: Effect on nitrosative and oxidative stress derived from microglial cells. Nitric Oxide - Biol. Chem., 9(2), 64–76.
  • Mansouri, A., Embarek, G., Kokkalou, E., Kefalas, P. (2005). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the Algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). Food Chem., 89(3), 411–420.
  • Marinova, G., Batchvarov, V. (2011). Methods DPPH. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 17(1), 11–24.
  • Narenderan, S. T., Meyyanathan, S. N., Babu, B. (2020). Review of pesticide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables. Pre-treatment, extraction and detection techniques. Food Research International., 133, 109-141.
  • Ntzani, E. E., Ntritsos, G. C. M., Evangelou, G. E., Tzoulaki, I. (2017). Literature review on epidemiological studies linking exposure to pesticides and health effects. EFSA Support. Publ., 10(10), 497.
  • Petrović, A., Marinković, D., Zeremski, T. (2019). A simplified LC/MS-MS method for the detection, identification and quantification of over 100 pesticides in sour cherries as a complex matrix. The Proceedings, ISEM8 October, 2-5, Budva, Montenegro.
  • Pham-Huy, L. A., He, H., Pham-Huy, C. (2008). Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. International Journal of Biomedical Science, 4(2), 89–96.
  • Phaniendra, A., Jestadi, D. B., Periyasamy, L. (2015). Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in Various Diseases. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry., 30(1), 11–26.
  • Pinelo, M., Rubilar, M., Jerez, M., Sineiro, J., Núñez, M. J. (2005). Effect of solvent, temperature, and solvent-to-solid ratio on the total phenolic content and antiradical activity of extracts from different components of grape pomace. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53(6), 2111–2117.
  • Puupponen-Pimiä, R., Nohynek, L., Meier, C. (2001). Antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds from berries. J. Appl. Microbiol., 90(4), 494–507.
  • Saafi, E. B., Arem, A., Issaoui, M., Hammami, M., Achour, L. (2009). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit varieties grown in Tunisia. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 44(11), 2314–2319.
  • Sharma, A., Gupta, P., Prabhakar, P. K. (2019). Endogenous Repair System of Oxidative Damage of DNA. Curr. Chem. Biol., 13(2), 110–119.
  • Siddeeg, A., Zeng, X. A., Ammar, A. F., Han, Z. (2019). Sugar profile, volatile compounds, composition and antioxidant activity of Sukkari date palm fruit. J. Food Sci. Technol. 56(2), 754–762.
  • Singleton, V. L., Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 16(3), 144.
  • Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol., 299, 152–178.
  • Taysi, S., Tascan, A. S., Ugur, M. G., Demir, M. (2018). Radicals, Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Preeclampsia. Mini-Reviews Med. Chem., 19(3), 178–193.
  • Tiryaki, O. (2017). Türkiye’de yapılan pestisit kalıntı analiz ve çalışmaları. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Enstitüsü Fen Bilim. Derg., 32(1), 72–80.
  • Younchou, Z. (2014). Relationship of Total Phenolic Contents, DPPH Activities and Anti-Lipid-Oxidation Capabilities of Different Bioactive Beverages and Phenolic Antioxidants. B.S., Shanghai Institute of Technology.
  • Zargoosh, Z., Ghavam, M., Bacchetta, G., Tavili, A. (2019). Effects of ecological factors on the antioxidant potential and total phenol content of Scrophularia striata Boiss. Sci. Rep., 9(1), 1–15.
  • Zhang, C. R., Aldosari, S. A., Vidyasagar, P. S. P. V., Nair, K. M., Nair, M. G. (2013). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays confirm bioactive compounds in ajwa date fruit. J. Agric. Food Chem., 61(24), 5834–5840.

Bazı Hurma Çeşitlerinde Yaygın Olarak Kullanılan Pestisitlerin Belirlenmesi, Geri Kazanımı ve Antioksidan özelliklerinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 2861 - 2874, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1273594

Öz

Bu çalışmada, hurmaların antioksidan aktivite özelliklerini belirlemek için İran, Medine, Tunus, Kudüs ve Bağdat olmak üzere farklı ülkelerden ithal edilen beş çeşit hurma seçilmiştir. Ayrıca hurma bitkilerinde kullanılan 10 adet pestisit kalıntısı analiz edilmiş ve pestisit kalıntılarının geri kazanım kullanımına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hurma ekstraktlarının antioksidan aktiviteleri DPPH ve Folin–Ciocalteu fenol reaktif deneyleri kullanılarak belirlendi. Pestisit kalıntı çalışmaları LC-MS-MS tekniği kullanılarak, geri kazanım çalışmaları ise AOAC.2007.01 ve 15662 Quechers yöntemleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hurma meyvesinin antioksidan aktivitesi ve toplam fenol içeriği lokasyon, genetik değişkenlik, çevresel özellikler, olgunlaşma aşamaları ve ekstraksiyon yöntemlerinden etkilenmiştir. Ekstraktlarda çok sayıda kalıntı pestisit tespit edilmiştir. Medine hurma meyvesinde bulunan Dioxacarb kalıntısının tolerans limitinin üzerinde olduğu belirlendi. AOAC 2007.01 Quechers yöntemine göre en yüksek Chlorpyrifos Methylin geri kazanımı Medine hurmasında 57.069 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan çalışmada hurma ekstratlarının standart antioksidanlara oranla daha düşük antioksidan aktivite gösterdiği tespit edildi. Hurmalarda yapılan pestisit analizlerinde birçok pestisit kalıntısı tespit edildi ve bazılarının belirlenen limitlerin üzerinde olduğu tespit edildi. Gıda maddelerindeki pestisit kalıntı miktarlarının daha önceden tespit edilip tolerans sınırlarını geçmemesi gerek tüketici sağlığı açısından ve gerekse ihraç gıda ürünlerinin geri dönmemesi açısından büyük öneme sahiptir. Çalışma kapsamında Hurma meyvesinde yaygın kullanılan pestisit kalıntıları analiz edilerek belirlenmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Kocaeli Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP)

Proje Numarası

2019-046

Kaynakça

  • Abbès, F., Kchaou, W., Blecker, C., Ongena, M., Lognay, G., Attia, H. & Besbes, S. (2013). Effect of processing conditions on phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of date syrup. Ind. Crops Prod., 44, 634–642.
  • Abul-Soad, A. A., Jain, S. M., Jatoi, M. A. (2017). Biodiversity and conservation of woody plants. Sustainable development and biodiversity,17, 313–353.
  • Agrawal, A., Pandey, R. S., Sharma, B. (2010). Water Pollution with Special Reference to Pesticide Contamination in India. J. Water Resour. Prot., 02(05), 432–448.
  • Ahmadinejad, F., Møller, S. G., Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori, M., Bidkhori, G., Jami, M. S. (2017). Molecular mechanisms behind free radical scavengers function against oxidative stress. Antioxidants, 2017, 6(3), 51.
  • Alder, L., Greulich, K., Kempe, G., Vieth, B. (2006). Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides: Better by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 25(6), 838–865.
  • Al-Harrasi, A., Rehman, N. U., Hussain, J., Khan, A. L., Al-Rawahi, A., Gilani, S. A., Al-Broumi, M., Ali, L. (2014). Nutritional assessment and antioxidant analysis of 22 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) varieties growing in Sultanate of Oman. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 7(S1), 591–S598.
  • Al-Yahyai, R., Manickavasagan, A. (2012). Dates production, processing, food, and medicinal values an Overview. Date Palm Prod., 24(5), 1–10.
  • Asmussen, C. B., Dransfield, J., Deickmann, V., Barfod, A. S., Pintaud, J. C., Baker, W. J. (2016). In A new subfamily classification of the palm family (Arecaceae): Evidence from plastid DNA phylogeny. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 151(1), 15–38.
  • Benmeddour, Z., Mehinagic, E., Meurlay, D., Louaileche, H. (2013). Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of ten Algerian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars: A comparative study. J. Funct. Foods., 5(1), 346–354.
  • Biglari, F., AlKarkhi, A. F. M., Easa, A. M. (2008). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran. Food Chem., 107(4), 1636–1641.
  • Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E., Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 28(1), 25–30.
  • Carlile, B. (2006). Pesticide selectivity, health and the environment. Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511617874.
  • Chaira, N., Mrabet, A., Ferchichi, A. (2009). Evaluation of antioxidant activity, Phenolics, sugar and mineral contents in date palm fruits. J. Food Biochem., 33(3), 390–403.
  • Cieślik, E., Sadowska-Rociek, A., Ruiz, J. M. M., Surma-Zadora, M. (2011). Evaluation of QuEChERS method for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in selected groups of fruits. Food Chem., 125(2), 773–778.
  • Costa, F. P., Caldas, S. S., Primel, E. G. (2014). Comparison of QuEChERS sample preparation methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in canned and fresh peach. Food Chem., 165(16), 587–593.
  • Cserháti, T., Forgács, E., Deyl, Z., Miksik, I., Eckhardt, A. (2004). Chromatographic determination of herbicide residues in various matrices. Biomedical Chromatography. 18(6), 350–359.
  • Çetinkaya, A. Ö. (2015). Pestisit Analizleri Eğitim Notu. T.C. Gida Tarim Ve Hayvanc. Bakanl. Ulus. Gida Ref. Laboratuvari., 32, 13.
  • Dinesh, R. (2021). The role of antioxidants and ROS scavenging machinery in wild mushrooms. In New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering. Elsevier, 245–251.
  • Dransfield, J., Uhl, N. W., Asmussen, C. B., Baker, W. J., Harley, M. M. (2005). A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae. Kew Bull., 60(4), 559–569.
  • Elshibli, S. (2009). Genetic Diversity and Adaptation of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L .), Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, for public criticism in Viikki, Auditorium B5 on December, 1–77.
  • Gezer, K., Duru, M. E., Kivrak, I., Turkoglu, A., Mercan, N., Turkoglu, H., Gulcan, S. (2006). Free-radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial activity of wild edible mushroom from Turkey. African J. Biotechnol., 5(20), 1924–1928.
  • Gil, M. I., Tomás-Barberán, F. A., Hess-Pierce, B., Kader, A. A. (2012). Antioxidant capacities, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and vitamin C contents of nectarine, peach, and plum cultivars from California. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50(17), 4976–4982.
  • Gutowski, M., Kowalczyk, S. (2013). A study of free radical chemistry: Their role and pathophysiological significance. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 60(1), 1–16.
  • Hifnawy, M. S., Mahrous, A. M. K., Ashour, R. M. S. (2016). Phytochemical investigation of Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud leaves and pollen grains. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 6(12), 103–109.
  • Kaur, R., Mavi, G. K., Raghav, S., Khan, I. (2019). Pesticides Classification and its Impact on Environment. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 2019, no. 8(03), pp. 1889–1897.
  • Kchaou, W., Abbès, F., Mansour, R., Blecker, C., Attia, H., Besbes, S. (2016). Phenolic profile, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of second grade date extract from Tunisian cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Food Chem., 194, 1048–1055.
  • Lawal, A., Wong, R. C. S., Tan, G. H., Abdulra’Uf, L. B., Alsharif, A. M. A. (2018). Recent modifications and validation of QuEChERS-dSPE coupled to LC-MS and GC-MS instruments for determination of pesticide/agrochemical residues in fruits and vegetables: Review. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 56(7), 656–669.
  • Lorenz, P., Roychowdhury, S., Engelmann, M., Wolf, G., Horn, T. F. W. (2003). Oxyresveratrol and resveratrol are potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers: Effect on nitrosative and oxidative stress derived from microglial cells. Nitric Oxide - Biol. Chem., 9(2), 64–76.
  • Mansouri, A., Embarek, G., Kokkalou, E., Kefalas, P. (2005). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the Algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). Food Chem., 89(3), 411–420.
  • Marinova, G., Batchvarov, V. (2011). Methods DPPH. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 17(1), 11–24.
  • Narenderan, S. T., Meyyanathan, S. N., Babu, B. (2020). Review of pesticide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables. Pre-treatment, extraction and detection techniques. Food Research International., 133, 109-141.
  • Ntzani, E. E., Ntritsos, G. C. M., Evangelou, G. E., Tzoulaki, I. (2017). Literature review on epidemiological studies linking exposure to pesticides and health effects. EFSA Support. Publ., 10(10), 497.
  • Petrović, A., Marinković, D., Zeremski, T. (2019). A simplified LC/MS-MS method for the detection, identification and quantification of over 100 pesticides in sour cherries as a complex matrix. The Proceedings, ISEM8 October, 2-5, Budva, Montenegro.
  • Pham-Huy, L. A., He, H., Pham-Huy, C. (2008). Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. International Journal of Biomedical Science, 4(2), 89–96.
  • Phaniendra, A., Jestadi, D. B., Periyasamy, L. (2015). Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in Various Diseases. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry., 30(1), 11–26.
  • Pinelo, M., Rubilar, M., Jerez, M., Sineiro, J., Núñez, M. J. (2005). Effect of solvent, temperature, and solvent-to-solid ratio on the total phenolic content and antiradical activity of extracts from different components of grape pomace. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53(6), 2111–2117.
  • Puupponen-Pimiä, R., Nohynek, L., Meier, C. (2001). Antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds from berries. J. Appl. Microbiol., 90(4), 494–507.
  • Saafi, E. B., Arem, A., Issaoui, M., Hammami, M., Achour, L. (2009). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit varieties grown in Tunisia. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 44(11), 2314–2319.
  • Sharma, A., Gupta, P., Prabhakar, P. K. (2019). Endogenous Repair System of Oxidative Damage of DNA. Curr. Chem. Biol., 13(2), 110–119.
  • Siddeeg, A., Zeng, X. A., Ammar, A. F., Han, Z. (2019). Sugar profile, volatile compounds, composition and antioxidant activity of Sukkari date palm fruit. J. Food Sci. Technol. 56(2), 754–762.
  • Singleton, V. L., Rossi, J. A. (1965). Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 16(3), 144.
  • Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol., 299, 152–178.
  • Taysi, S., Tascan, A. S., Ugur, M. G., Demir, M. (2018). Radicals, Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Preeclampsia. Mini-Reviews Med. Chem., 19(3), 178–193.
  • Tiryaki, O. (2017). Türkiye’de yapılan pestisit kalıntı analiz ve çalışmaları. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Enstitüsü Fen Bilim. Derg., 32(1), 72–80.
  • Younchou, Z. (2014). Relationship of Total Phenolic Contents, DPPH Activities and Anti-Lipid-Oxidation Capabilities of Different Bioactive Beverages and Phenolic Antioxidants. B.S., Shanghai Institute of Technology.
  • Zargoosh, Z., Ghavam, M., Bacchetta, G., Tavili, A. (2019). Effects of ecological factors on the antioxidant potential and total phenol content of Scrophularia striata Boiss. Sci. Rep., 9(1), 1–15.
  • Zhang, C. R., Aldosari, S. A., Vidyasagar, P. S. P. V., Nair, K. M., Nair, M. G. (2013). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays confirm bioactive compounds in ajwa date fruit. J. Agric. Food Chem., 61(24), 5834–5840.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kimya Mühendisliği
Bölüm Kimya / Chemistry
Yazarlar

Güldeniz Yılmaz 0000-0002-0821-6012

Mustafa Akın 0000-0003-4268-6891

Neslihan Şaki 0000-0002-2215-1622

Proje Numarası 2019-046
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Kasım 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Mayıs 2023
Kabul Tarihi 8 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, G., Akın, M., & Şaki, N. (2023). Determination, Recovery and Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Commonly Used Pesticides in Some Types of Date Fruits. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 13(4), 2861-2874. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1273594
AMA Yılmaz G, Akın M, Şaki N. Determination, Recovery and Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Commonly Used Pesticides in Some Types of Date Fruits. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Aralık 2023;13(4):2861-2874. doi:10.21597/jist.1273594
Chicago Yılmaz, Güldeniz, Mustafa Akın, ve Neslihan Şaki. “Determination, Recovery and Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Commonly Used Pesticides in Some Types of Date Fruits”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13, sy. 4 (Aralık 2023): 2861-74. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1273594.
EndNote Yılmaz G, Akın M, Şaki N (01 Aralık 2023) Determination, Recovery and Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Commonly Used Pesticides in Some Types of Date Fruits. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13 4 2861–2874.
IEEE G. Yılmaz, M. Akın, ve N. Şaki, “Determination, Recovery and Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Commonly Used Pesticides in Some Types of Date Fruits”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 13, sy. 4, ss. 2861–2874, 2023, doi: 10.21597/jist.1273594.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Güldeniz vd. “Determination, Recovery and Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Commonly Used Pesticides in Some Types of Date Fruits”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13/4 (Aralık 2023), 2861-2874. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1273594.
JAMA Yılmaz G, Akın M, Şaki N. Determination, Recovery and Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Commonly Used Pesticides in Some Types of Date Fruits. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13:2861–2874.
MLA Yılmaz, Güldeniz vd. “Determination, Recovery and Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Commonly Used Pesticides in Some Types of Date Fruits”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 13, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 2861-74, doi:10.21597/jist.1273594.
Vancouver Yılmaz G, Akın M, Şaki N. Determination, Recovery and Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Commonly Used Pesticides in Some Types of Date Fruits. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13(4):2861-74.