5G Çekirdek Araştırma Trendlerinin Açıklanması: Tematik Kümeleme ve Mimari, Güvenlik ve Yapay Zeka Konularında LLM ile Güçlendirilmiş İçgörüler

Öz

5G Core, ultra düşük gecikme süresi, ağ dilimleme ve yoğun IoT entegrasyonu ile dijital dönüşümün temel bileşenlerindendir. Bu çalışmada Web of Science veritabanında “5G Core” ifadesi aranmış ve bulunan 635 akademik yayın Leiden, Louvain, HDBSCAN ve K-Means kümeleme algoritmaları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda; hizmet tabanlı mimari, güvenlik (kuantum sonrası, blok zinciri), yapay zeka/makine öğrenimi (NWDAF, derin pekiştirme öğrenimi), bulut/kenar bilişim ve ağ kaynak yönetimi olmak üzere beş ana tema belirlenmiştir. Kümeleme performansı Silhouette katsayısı, Davies–Bouldin indeksi ve Calinski–Harabasz skoru gibi içsel kalite metrikleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Nicel metrikler açısından K-Means algoritması en yüksek performansı göstermiş olsa da, Leiden ve Louvain yöntemlerinin ortaya çıkardığı kümelerin tematik tutarlılığı ve yorumlanabilirliği daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu nedenle, nicel kalite ölçütlerinin ötesinde, kümelerin anlamsal anlamlandırılabilirliği de değerlendirmeye dâhil edilmiştir. Tematik yorumlama aşamasında hibrit bir Büyük Dil Modelleri (LLMs) yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. İlk olarak Qwen3- Max-Preview modeli kullanılarak genel tematik yapı çıkarılmış, ardından OpenRouter platformu üzerinden erişilen Nemotron, gptoss- 20b ve Sonoma SkyAlpha modelleri ile bu temalar doğrulanmış ve zenginleştirilmiştir. Karşılaştırmalı analizler, Qwen3 modelinin anlamsal derinlik, kavramsal tutarlılık ve özetleme doğruluğu bakımından daha üstün performans sergilediğini göstermiştir. Nicel kümeleme ile nitel LLM analizini birleştiren bu metodoloji, 5G Core'un sadece iletişimde değil, aynı zamanda çok boyutlu bir şekilde dijital dönüşümün mimarisi, güvenliği ve yapay zeka altyapısı olarak da stratejik rolünü ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 5G çekirdek ağı
• Büyük dil modelleri
• Yapay zeka
• Siber güvenlik

Destekleyen Kurum

Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

GAP-2025-689

Unveiling 5G Core Research Trends: Thematic Clustering and LLM-Enhanced Insights into Architecture, Security, and Artificial Intelligence

Öz

5G Core is the backbone of digital transformation with ultra-low latency, network slicing, and dense IoT integration. In the study, 635 academic studies indexed in Web of Science were clustered using Leiden, Louvain, HDBSCAN, and K-Means, and five main themes were identified: service-based architecture, security (post-quantum, blockchain), artificial intelligence/machine learning Network Data Analytics Functionality (NWDAF), deep reinforcement learning), cloud/edge computing, and network resource management. The clustering methods were evaluated using the Silhouette, Davies-Bouldin, and Calinski-Harabasz quality metrics. Although K-means appears to be at the top in terms of quality metrics, Leiden and Louvain outperform K-means in terms of interpretability. A hybrid Large Language Models (LLMs) approach was used for theme interpretation. General themes were identified using Qwen3-Max-Preview, and then the previously identified themes were supported using cloud-based free Nemotron, gpt-oss-20b, and Sonoma SkyAlpha models via OpenRouter. Qwen3 stands out in terms of semantic depth and summarization accuracy. This methodology, which combines quantitative clustering with qualitative LLM analysis, highlights the strategic role of 5G Core in both communication and as the architecture, security, and AI infrastructure of digital transformation, in a multidimensional way.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 5G core network
• Large language models
• Artificial intelligence
• Cyber security

Destekleyen Kurum

Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University

Proje Numarası

GAP-2025-689

Kaynakça

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