MOODLE İçin Web Tabanlı SCORM Paketi Tasarımı: Soru ve Sınav Hazırlama Örneği

Öz

Kişisel bilgisayarların yaygınlaşması ve ucuzlamasıyla bilgisayarların bir eğitim aracı olarak kullanımı artmış ve buna paralel olarak bilgisayar destekli eğitim yazılımlarının geliştirilmesinin önü açılmıştır. Bu artışın sonucu olarak yeni geliştirilen yazılımların belli standartlara uygun şekilde tasarlanması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu gereklilik sonucunda SCORM olarak ifade edilen ve web tabanlı öğrenme yönetim sistemleri (ÖYS) için kalıcılık, taşınabilirlik, tekrar kullanılabilirlik, birlikte çalışabilirlik ve erişilebilirlik özelliklerini içeren bir standartlar topluluğu geliştirilmiştir. SCORM, öğrenme içeriklerinin modüler çalışmasına olanak vermek amacıyla belirlenmiş “düzenler ve kurallar” bütünüdür. Bir öğrenme içeriğinin SCORM uyumluluğuna sahip olması o içeriğintüm ÖYS platformlarında sorunsuz çalışabileceği anlamına gelmektedir. Bu durum günümüz web tabanlı geliştirilen öğrenme nesnelerinde beklenen en önemli özelliklerin başında gelmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada Bootstrap web aracı ile tasarlanan bir web sayfasının SCORM standartlarına uygun olarak hazırlanması ve MOODLE platformuna entegrasyonu sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma için soru ve sınav oluşturmak amacıyla interaktif bir web ara yüzü geliştirilmiş ve adım adım ayrıntıları ile MOODLE platformuna uygun SCORM paketinin oluşturulması açıklanmıştır. Bu adımlar Bootstrap’ın bazı temel fonksiyonlarını içeren interaktif bir web sayfasının oluşturulmasını, web ara yüzünün kullanımını, SCORM paketinin çıktısının oluşturulmasını ve MOODLE platformuna yüklenmesini içermektedir. SCORM paketinin hazırlanmasını temel alan bu çalışmanın, tüm ÖYS’nde sorunsuz şekilde çalışan standart ve etkileşimli web sayfaları hazırlamak isteyen eğitimcilere kaynak olacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SCORM
• MOODLE
• Öğrenme Yönetim Sistemleri
• Web Tabanlı Öğrenme

Design of Web-Based SCORM Package for MOODLE: Sample of Preparing Question and Exam

Öz

Use of personal computers as an educational tool has been increased as they have become more popular and cheaper. Along with this development, number of computer-aided educational software has greatly increased and they started to be much more preferable as an educational device. Learning Management System (LMS) is the general name which contains a large number of web-based educational applications such as virtual learning environments, course management systems and collaborative learning environments (Kaleci, 2013). As a result of increase in the use of LMS, certain standards are needed for development of this software. New course materials may have different formats than the currently used software. Also integration into existing systems is quite difficult and costly. Therefore it is essential for these materials to have a certain standard. To solve this format problem many standards have been defined such as SCORM (SCORM, 2014a), IMS (IMS, 2014), LTSC (LTSC, 2014), AICC (AICC, 2014). SCORM is one of the most popular of existing standards in educational content (George and Labas, 2008). SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is a collection of standards for web-based and e-learning environments including various standards and specifications. It is
designed as a set of standards to be integrated with LMS and was created by a working group within the ADL (Advanced Distributed Learning). Later these standards are called "Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM)". Many features of SCORM is being developed and audited by respected international institutions and organizations (Su et al., 2010). SCORM is the sum of rules and layouts in order to operate the educational contents modularly. If an educational content has SCORM compatibility, it means that it works across all platforms without any problems. This property is one of the most important features expected from today's webbased learning objects. According to certain standards, creating technology-supported learning materials has many advantages. Despite this, many educational materials and electronics courses are not being developed by electronic and pedagogical standards. Many educators believe that this leads to ineffective results (Woodill, 2004). While designing a new web based online course, it is a very important issue to decide how the sources will be used and in which order and layout they will be presented. The course content structure should be designed specifically step by step. These requirements in e-learning reveal the necessity of standards which are more effective, less costly and compatible with all learning environments. Most LMS’ approach models include design, development, implementation and analysis loops (Pisel and Lindsey, 2005).
MOODLE (Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) is a learning management system, which allows educators to share all of the educational content on internet to and has many statistical tools (MOODLE, 2014, Uribe-Tirado et al., 2007). It also enables that educators can share their educational documents, without knowing a single line of computer programming (Kaleci, 2011). MOODLE is completely free and open sourced. In recent years, due to a large international developer base, the use of MOODLE is rapidly spreading and it became the most preferred learning management system because of its strong, flexible, reliable structure (Athanassopoulos et al., 2012). In this study, an interactive web interface developed for creating tests and questions is presented. With the developed interface, multiple-choice exam questions can be created and recorded, they can be sorted according to various criteria, new exams can be created from existing questions, and exam results can be displayed just after the exam. Also in this study, creating a SCORM package from the web interface and its integration to MOODLE is given in step-by-step details. SCORM package for the desired learning management system must be downloaded in order to create a SCORM package (SCORM, 2014b). On the SCORM site various versions of SCORM packages can be downloaded. Therefore it is important to select the correct version of the package which is compatible with the desired MOODLE. In this study, SCORM package that is compatible with MOODLE2.2.X version "SCORM 2004 4th Edition" is preferred. This study, based on preparing SCORM package, will help all the educators who want to create standard or interactive web pages compatible with all learning management systems 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SCORM
• MOODLE
• Learning Management Systems
• Web Based Learning

Kaynakça

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