Fare ve Ratlarda Tyzerr’s Hastalığı Etkeni Clostridium piliforme’nin Moleküler Teşhisi

Öz

Clostridium piliforme (C. piliforme)'nin neden olduğu Tyzzer hastalığı, başta kemirgenler, tavşanlar ve taylar olmak üzere birçok memeli türünde ortaya çıkan, ölümle sonuçlanabilen akut, epizootik bir bakteriyel hastalıktır. Çalışmamızda laboratuvar deney hayvanları merkezinde yetiştirilen fare ve ratlardan alınan dışkı örneklerinde, PCR ile C. piliforme araştırıldı. Farklı yaşlardaki toplam 53 fare dışkısının 44'ünde (%83,01) C. piliforme tespit edildi. Pozitif bulunan farelerin 28'i (%73,6) dişi, 16'sı (%88,8) erkekti. Farklı yaşlardaki toplam 44 ratın dışkısının 40'ında (%90,9) C. piliforme tespit edildi. Pozitif bulunan sıçanların 25'i (%96,1) dişi, 15'i (%83,3) erkekti. Tyzzer’z Hastalığı’nın etkeni olan C. piliforme, klasik PCR yöntemiyle incelenen fare ve ratlarda yüksek oranda tespit edildi. Cinsiyet olarak değerlendirildiğinde, Tyzerr’s Hastalığı 40 adet pozitif bulunan farelerin 28’i (%73.6) dişi, 16’sı (%88.8) erkek; ratların ise 25’i (%96.1) dişi iken, 15’i (%83.3) erkek idi. Sonuç olarak C. piliforme’nin neden olduğu Tyzerr’s Hastalığı, klasik PCR ile fare ve ratlarda yüksek oranda tespit edildi. Yaş olarak değerlendirme yapıldığında hastalık farelerde 4, 5 ve 8. yaşlarda, ratlarda ise 4, 5, 6 ve 7. yaşlarda daha yüksek saptandı. Analizlerin güvenilirliği ve laboratuvar hayvanlarının yetiştirildiği merkezlerde, diğer hayvanlara bulaşma riskinin yüksek olması nedeniyle, Tyzzer’z Hastalığı’nın kontrol edilmesi ve hastalığın önlenmesi için gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Clostridium piliforme
• PCR
• rat
• Tyzeer's Hastalığı

Molecular Diagnosis Of Clostridium piliforme, The Causative Agent Of Tyzzer’s Disease In Mice And Rats

Öz

Tyzzer’s disease, caused by Clostridium piliforme (C. piliforme), occurs in many species of mammals mainly in rodents, rabbits and foals is an acute, epizootic bacterial disease that can result in mortality. In our study, C. piliforme was investigated in feces samples from mice and rats in a laboratory experimental animals center by PCR technique. C. piliforme was detected in 44 (83.01%) of a total of 53 mouse feces of different ages. Of the mice found positive, 28 (73.6%) were female and 16 (88.8%) were male. C. piliforme was detected in 40 (90.9%) of a total of 44 rats feces of different ages. Of the rats found positive, 25 (96.1%) were female and 15 (83.3%) were male. C. piliforme, the causative agent of Tyzzer's disease, was detected at a high rate in mice and rats examined by the classical PCR method. When evaluated in terms of gender, 28 (73.6%) of the 40 mice positive for Tyzerr's disease were female and 16 (88.8%) were male; While 25 (96.1%) of the rats were female, 15 (83.3%) were male. As a result, Tyzerr's disease caused by C. piliforme was detected at a high rate in mice and rats by classical PCR. When evaluated by age, the disease was detected to be higher in mice at the ages of 4, 5 and 8, and in rats at the ages of 4, 5, 6 and 7. Due to the reliability of the analyses and the high risk of transmission to other animals in centers where laboratory animals are raised, Tyzzer's disease should be checked and necessary precautions should be taken to prevent the disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Clostridium piliforme
• PCR
• Tyzzer’s Disease
• rat

Kaynakça

1. Aboellail, T. A., Naikare, H. K., & Mahapatra, D. (2013). A naturally occurring enterotyphlocolitis associated with dual infection by Clostridium piliforme and Enteropathogenic Attaching and Effecing Escherichia coli in Syrian Hamsters. Journal of Veterinary Science & Medicine, 1(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000003.
2. Barnes, K. H., Piripi, S. A., & C. V. Löhr, C. V. (2013). Pathology in practice. Tyzzer’s disease. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 242(6), 765-767. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.242.6.765.
3. Borchers, A., Magdesian, K. G., Halland, S., Pusterla, N., Wilson, W. D. (2006). Successful treatment and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation of Tyzzer’s disease in a foal and clinical and pathologic characteristics of 6 additional foals (1986-2005). Journal of Veterinary Intern Medisine, 20, 1212-1218. https://doi.org/10.1892/0891-6640(2006)20[1212:stapcr]2.0.co;2.
4. Dallenne, C., Costa A. D., Decre, D., Favier, C., Arlet, G. (2010): Development of a set of multiplex PCR assays for the detection of genes encoding important β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 3, 490-495. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkp498.jpg.
5. Fallahi, R., & Mansouri, M. A. (2017). Health monitoring of Razi Institute laboratory mice (NIH strain) to Clostridium piliforme in 1395. Veterinary Researches and Biological Products, 30 (4), 78-84. https://doi.org/ 10.22034/vj.2017.109301.1263.
6. Fingerhood, S., Mendonça, F. S., Uzal, F. A., Marks, S. L., Vernau, K. M., Navarro, M. A., Choi, E. A. (2023). Tyzzer’s disease in 19 preweaned orphaned kittens. Journal of Veterinary Diagnosis Investigation, 35, 212-216. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/10406387231154554.
7. Ganaway, J. R., Allen, A. M., & Moore, T. D. (1971). Tyzzer’s disease. The American Journal Pathology, 64, 717–730. Ganaway, J. R., McReynolda, R. S., Allen, A. M. (1976). Tyzzer’s disease in free-living cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) in Maryland, Journal Wild Diseases, 12, 545-549. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-12.4.545.
8. Ganoe, L. S., Justin, D. B., Yabsley, M. J., Lovallo, M. J., Walter, W. D. (2020). A review of pathogens, diseases, and contaminants of Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) in North America. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00233.

9. Garcia, J. A., Navarro, M. A., Fresneda, K., Uzal, F. A. (2022). Clostiridium piliforme indection (Tyzzer’s disease) in horses: retrospective study of 25 cases and literture review. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 34, 421-428. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/10406387211031213.
10. Ikegami, T., Shirota, K., Une, Y., Nomura, Y., Wada, Y., Goto K., Takakura, A., Itoh, T., Fujiwara, K. (1999). Naturally occurring Tyzzer’s disease in a calf. Veterinary Pathology, 36, 253-255. https://doi.org/10.1354/vp.36-3-253.
11. Jacobson, S. A., Ferro, P. F., Navarro, M. A., Uzal, F. A., Edwards, E. E. (2022). Clostridium piliforme and canine distemper virus coinfection in 2 domestic dog littermates and gray fox kit. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 34, 894-897. https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387221109899.
12. Neto, R. T., Uzal, F. A., Hodziç, E., farsça, M., Jolissaint, S., Alcaraz, A., & Carvallo, F. R. (2015). Coinfection with Clostridium piliforme and Felid herpesvirus 1 in a kitten. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 27 (4), 547-551. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638715593600.
13. Niepceron, A., Licois, D. (2010). Development of a high-sensitivity nested PCR assay for the detection of Clostridium piliforme in clinical samples. The Veterinary Journal, 185, 222-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.05.002.
14. Poonacha, K. B. (1997). Naturally occurring Tyzzer’s disease in a serval (Felis capenis). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 9, 82–84.
15. Pritt, S., Henderson, K. S., & Shek, W. R. (2010). Evaluation of available diagnostic methods for Clostridium piliforme in laboratory rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Laboratory animals, 44 (1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1258/la.2009.008079.
16. Rho, J., Parkı, H.S., Won, Y. S., Kwun, H. J., Son, H. Y. (2022). Fatal systemic infection of Clostridium tarantellae in a wild Korean raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 58, 421-424. https://doi.org/ 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00007.
17. Sasseville, V. G., Simon, M. A., Chalifoux, L. V., Lin, K. C., & Mansfield, K. G. (2007). Naturally occurring Tyzzer’s disease in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). Comparative Medicine, 57, 125-7.
18. Smith, K. J., Skelton, H. G., Hilyard, E. J., Hadfield, C. T., Moeller, R. S., Tuur, S., Decker, C., Wagner, K. F., Angritt, P. (1996). Bacillus piliformis infection (Tyzzer’s disease) in a patient infected with HIV-1: Confirmation with 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 34, 343-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(07)80005-3.
19. Tao, J., Yan, H., Chen, S., Du J., Zhou, S., Guo, H., Lu, L., Fang, J., Jin, X., Wang, Z., Ying, H., Han, W., Dai, F. (2024). Establishment and application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplificatiolateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) method for detecting Clostridium piliforme. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 10, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1318.
20. Waner, T., Cohen, O., & Anug, A. M. (2005). Rosner A. An epizootic of Tyzzer’sdisease in rabbits in Israel. Israil Journal Veterinary Medicine, 60, 63-6.
21. Weisbroth, S. H., Peters, R., Riley, L. K., Shek, W. (1998). Microbiological assesment of laboratory rats and mice. Instıtute of Laboratory Animal Resources Journal, 39, 272-290. https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.39.4.272.
22. Young, J. K., Baker, D. C. & Burney, D. P. (1995). Naturally occurring Tyzzer’s disease in a puppy. Veterinary pathology, 32, 63–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858950320.