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Tavşanların önemli bir viral hastalığı: Tavşanların hemorajik hastalığı

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 26 - 34, 12.09.2021

Öz

Tavşan hemorajik hastalığı (Rabbit Heamorajik Disease-RHD), Dünya çapında tavşanların en önemli hastalıklarından biri olarak kabul edilir ve tavşan yetiştiriciliği endüstrisi üzerinde ciddi bir ekonomik etkiye sahiptir. Hastalık ilk kez Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nin Jiangsu eyaletinde tespit edilmiş ve kısa sürede Dünya çapında yayılmıştır. Meksika RHD’yi başarılı bir şekilde eradike etmiştir. Ayrıca Avusturalya ve Yeni Zelanda’da Tavşanların Hemorajik Hastalık Virusu (Rabbit Heamorajik Disease Virus-RHDV) biyolojik kontrol ajanı olarak kullanılmaktadır. RHDV, Caliciviridae ailesi-Lagovirus cinsinin bir üyesidir. Genel olarak Avrupa yabani tavşanlarını (Oryctolagus cuniculus) etkileyen akut, oldukça bulaşıcı ve sıklıkla ölümle sonuçlanan bir enfeksiyondur. Hastalığın başlangıcında yüksek ateş, taşipne, anoreksi, siyanoz gibi klinik belirtiler görülürken ileri dönemlerde apati, letarji, dispne, spazmlar, konvulsiyonlar, opistotonus ve ölüm görülebilmektedir. RHDV’nin inkubasyon süresi 16-48 saat arasındadır ve bir populasyondaki morbidite-mortalite oranları %90-100 kadar yüksek olabilmektedir. Genç tavşanlarda maternal antikorlar koruma sağladığı için özellikle yetişkin tavşanlar hastalıktan daha çok etkilenmektedir. Evcil ve yabani tavşan populasyonları arasında yayılımın kolay olması göz önüne alınarak uygun biyogüvenlik ve immunoprofilaktik önlemlerin alınmasıyla hastalık sınırlandırılabilmektedir.Bu derlemede, tavşanların hemorajik hastalığı üzerine genel bir bilgi sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Abrantes J., Van Der Loo W., Le Pendu J., Esteves PJ., 2012. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): A review. Vet Res, 43, 12.
  • 2.Abrantes J., Lopes AM., 2021. A Review on the Methods Used for the Detection and Diagnosis of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV). Microorganisms, 9, 972.
  • 3.Asgari S., Hardy JRE., Sinclair RG., Cooke BD., 1998. Field evidence for mechanical transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) by flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) among wild rabbits in Australia. Virus Res, 54, 123–132.
  • 4.Belz K., 2004. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease. Semin Avian Exot Pet Med, 13, 100–104.
  • 5.Campagnolo ER., Ernst MJ., Berninger ML., Gregg DA., Shumaker TJ., Boghossian AM., 2003. Outbreak of rabbit hemorrhagic disease in domestic lagomorphs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 223, 1151-1155.
  • 6.Capucci L., Fusi P., Lavazza A., Pacciarini ML., Rossi C., 1996. Detection and preliminary characterization of a new rabbit calicivirus related to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus but nonpathogenic. J Virol, 70, 8614–8623.
  • 7.Capucci L., Scicluna MT., Lavazza A., 1991. Diagnosis of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome. Rev Sci Tech, 10, 347–370.
  • 8.Chasey D., 1997. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: The new scourge of Oryctolagus cuniculus. Lab Anim, 31, 33–44.
  • 9.Cheng Y., Chen Z., Li C., Meng C., Wu R., Liu G., 2013. Protective immune responses in rabbits induced by a suicidal DNA vaccine of the VP60 gene of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. Antiviral Res, 97, 227–231.
  • 10.Cooke BD., 2002. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: Field epidemiology and the management of wild rabbit populations. OIE Rev Sci Tech, 21, 347–358.
  • 11.Cooke BD., Fenner F., 2002. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease and the biological control of wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, in Australia and New Zealand. Wildl Res, 29, 689–706.
  • 12.Delibes-Mateos M., Redpath SM., Angulo E., Ferreras P., Villafuerte R., 2007. Rabbits as a keystone speciesin southern Europe. Biol Conserv, 137, 149–156.
  • 13.Gregg DA., House C., Meyer R., Berninger M., 1991. Viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in Mexico: Epidemiology and viral characterization. Rev Sci Tech, 10, 435–451.
  • 14.Guo H., Zhu J., Tan Y., Li C., Chen Z.,Sun S., Liu G., 2016. Self-assembly of virus-like particles of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli and their immunogenicity in rabbits. Antiviral Res, 131, 85–91.
  • 15.Henning J., Meers J., Davies PR., Morris RS., 2005. Survival of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in the environment. Epidemiol Infect, 133, 719–730.
  • 16.Huang HB., 1991. Vaccination against and immune response to viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits: A review of research in the People’s Republic of China. Rev Sci Tech, 10, 481–498.
  • 17.Kinnear M., Linde CC., 2010. Capsid gene divergence in rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. J Gen Virol, 91, 174–181.
  • 18.Lee YC., Oh Y., Choi SH., Chae MK., 2021. Simultaneous infection with rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and Pasteurella multocida in rabbits. Korean J Vet Serv, 44, 35–43.
  • 19.Le Gall-Reculé G., Lavazza A., Marchandeau S., Bertagnoli S., Zwingelstein F., Cavadini P., Martinelli N., Lombardi G., Guérin JL., Lemaitre E., Decors A., Boucher S., Le Normand B., Capucci L., 2013. Emergence of a new lagovirus related to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. Vet Res, 44, 1–13.
  • 20.Le Pendu J., Abrantes J., et. al., 2017. Proposal for a unified classification system and nomenclature of lagoviruses. J Gen Virol, 98, 1658–1666.
  • 21.Mahar JE., Read AJ., Gu X., Urakova N., Mourant R., Piper M., Haboury S., Holmes EC., Strive T., Hall RN., 2018. Detection and circulation of a novel rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus in Australia. Emerg Infect Dis, 24, 22–31.
  • 22.Mitro S., 1993. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease: A review wıth specıal reference to its epizootiology. Eur J Epidemiol, 9, 70–78.
  • 23.Mutze G., Bird P., Kovaliski J., Peacock D., Jennings S., Cooke B., 2002. Emerging epidemiological patterns in rabbit haemorrhagic disease, its interaction with myxomatosis, and their effects on rabbit populations in South Australia. Wildl Res, 29, 577–590.
  • 24.Parra F., Prieto M., 1990. Purification and characterization of a calicivirus as the causative agent of a lethal hemorrhagic disease in rabbits. J Virol, 64, 4013–4015.
  • 25.Wang X., Xu F., Liu J., Gao B., Liu Y., Zhai Y., Ma J., Zhang K., Baker TS., Schulten K., Zheng D., Pang H., Sun F., 2013. Atomic Model of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus by Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Crystallography. PLoS Pathog, 9.
  • 26.Wirblich C., Thiel HJ., Meyers G., 1996. Genetic map of the calicivirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus as deduced from in vitro translation studies. J Virol, 70, 7974–7983.
  • 27.Xu WY., 1991. Viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in the People’s Republic of China: Epidemiology and virus characterisation. Rev Sci Tech, 10, 393–408.
  • 28.Zhu J., Miao Q., Tan Y., Guo H., Liu T., Wang B., Chen Z., Li C., Liu G., 2017. Inclusion of an Arg-Gly-Asp receptor-recognition motif into the capsid protein of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus enables culture of the virus in vitro. J Biol Chem, 292, 8605–8615.

An important viral disease of rabbits: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 26 - 34, 12.09.2021

Öz

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is considered one of the most important diseases of rabbits worldwide and has a serious economic impact on the rabbit breeding industry.The disease was first detected in the Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China and rapidly spread around the world. Mexico has successfully eradicated the RHD. It is also used as a Rabbit Heamorajik Disease Virus (RHDV) biological control agent in Australia and New Zealand. RHDV is a member of the Caliciviridae family-Lagovirus genus. It is an acute, highly contagious and often fatal infection that generally affects European hares (Oryctolagus cuniculus). In the beginningof the disease, clinical symptoms such as high fever, tachypnea, anorexia, and cyanosis are observed, while apathy, lethargy, dyspnea, spasms, convulsions, opistotonus and death can be seen in the later stages. The incubation period of RHDV is between 16-48 hours and morbidity-mortality rates in a population can be as high as 90-100%. Since maternal antibodies provide protection in young rabbits, especially adult rabbits are more affected by the disease. Considering the ease of spread between domestic and wild rabbit populations, the disease can be limited by taking appropriate biosecurity and immunoprophylactic measures.In this review, general information on the hemorrhagic disease of rabbits is presented.

Kaynakça

  • Abrantes J., Van Der Loo W., Le Pendu J., Esteves PJ., 2012. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): A review. Vet Res, 43, 12.
  • 2.Abrantes J., Lopes AM., 2021. A Review on the Methods Used for the Detection and Diagnosis of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV). Microorganisms, 9, 972.
  • 3.Asgari S., Hardy JRE., Sinclair RG., Cooke BD., 1998. Field evidence for mechanical transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) by flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) among wild rabbits in Australia. Virus Res, 54, 123–132.
  • 4.Belz K., 2004. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease. Semin Avian Exot Pet Med, 13, 100–104.
  • 5.Campagnolo ER., Ernst MJ., Berninger ML., Gregg DA., Shumaker TJ., Boghossian AM., 2003. Outbreak of rabbit hemorrhagic disease in domestic lagomorphs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 223, 1151-1155.
  • 6.Capucci L., Fusi P., Lavazza A., Pacciarini ML., Rossi C., 1996. Detection and preliminary characterization of a new rabbit calicivirus related to rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus but nonpathogenic. J Virol, 70, 8614–8623.
  • 7.Capucci L., Scicluna MT., Lavazza A., 1991. Diagnosis of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome. Rev Sci Tech, 10, 347–370.
  • 8.Chasey D., 1997. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: The new scourge of Oryctolagus cuniculus. Lab Anim, 31, 33–44.
  • 9.Cheng Y., Chen Z., Li C., Meng C., Wu R., Liu G., 2013. Protective immune responses in rabbits induced by a suicidal DNA vaccine of the VP60 gene of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. Antiviral Res, 97, 227–231.
  • 10.Cooke BD., 2002. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: Field epidemiology and the management of wild rabbit populations. OIE Rev Sci Tech, 21, 347–358.
  • 11.Cooke BD., Fenner F., 2002. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease and the biological control of wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, in Australia and New Zealand. Wildl Res, 29, 689–706.
  • 12.Delibes-Mateos M., Redpath SM., Angulo E., Ferreras P., Villafuerte R., 2007. Rabbits as a keystone speciesin southern Europe. Biol Conserv, 137, 149–156.
  • 13.Gregg DA., House C., Meyer R., Berninger M., 1991. Viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in Mexico: Epidemiology and viral characterization. Rev Sci Tech, 10, 435–451.
  • 14.Guo H., Zhu J., Tan Y., Li C., Chen Z.,Sun S., Liu G., 2016. Self-assembly of virus-like particles of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli and their immunogenicity in rabbits. Antiviral Res, 131, 85–91.
  • 15.Henning J., Meers J., Davies PR., Morris RS., 2005. Survival of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in the environment. Epidemiol Infect, 133, 719–730.
  • 16.Huang HB., 1991. Vaccination against and immune response to viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits: A review of research in the People’s Republic of China. Rev Sci Tech, 10, 481–498.
  • 17.Kinnear M., Linde CC., 2010. Capsid gene divergence in rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. J Gen Virol, 91, 174–181.
  • 18.Lee YC., Oh Y., Choi SH., Chae MK., 2021. Simultaneous infection with rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and Pasteurella multocida in rabbits. Korean J Vet Serv, 44, 35–43.
  • 19.Le Gall-Reculé G., Lavazza A., Marchandeau S., Bertagnoli S., Zwingelstein F., Cavadini P., Martinelli N., Lombardi G., Guérin JL., Lemaitre E., Decors A., Boucher S., Le Normand B., Capucci L., 2013. Emergence of a new lagovirus related to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. Vet Res, 44, 1–13.
  • 20.Le Pendu J., Abrantes J., et. al., 2017. Proposal for a unified classification system and nomenclature of lagoviruses. J Gen Virol, 98, 1658–1666.
  • 21.Mahar JE., Read AJ., Gu X., Urakova N., Mourant R., Piper M., Haboury S., Holmes EC., Strive T., Hall RN., 2018. Detection and circulation of a novel rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus in Australia. Emerg Infect Dis, 24, 22–31.
  • 22.Mitro S., 1993. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease: A review wıth specıal reference to its epizootiology. Eur J Epidemiol, 9, 70–78.
  • 23.Mutze G., Bird P., Kovaliski J., Peacock D., Jennings S., Cooke B., 2002. Emerging epidemiological patterns in rabbit haemorrhagic disease, its interaction with myxomatosis, and their effects on rabbit populations in South Australia. Wildl Res, 29, 577–590.
  • 24.Parra F., Prieto M., 1990. Purification and characterization of a calicivirus as the causative agent of a lethal hemorrhagic disease in rabbits. J Virol, 64, 4013–4015.
  • 25.Wang X., Xu F., Liu J., Gao B., Liu Y., Zhai Y., Ma J., Zhang K., Baker TS., Schulten K., Zheng D., Pang H., Sun F., 2013. Atomic Model of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus by Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Crystallography. PLoS Pathog, 9.
  • 26.Wirblich C., Thiel HJ., Meyers G., 1996. Genetic map of the calicivirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus as deduced from in vitro translation studies. J Virol, 70, 7974–7983.
  • 27.Xu WY., 1991. Viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in the People’s Republic of China: Epidemiology and virus characterisation. Rev Sci Tech, 10, 393–408.
  • 28.Zhu J., Miao Q., Tan Y., Guo H., Liu T., Wang B., Chen Z., Li C., Liu G., 2017. Inclusion of an Arg-Gly-Asp receptor-recognition motif into the capsid protein of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus enables culture of the virus in vitro. J Biol Chem, 292, 8605–8615.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Bilimleri
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Gülizar Acar Bu kişi benim

Mehmet Özkan Timurkan Bu kişi benim

Hakan Aydın Bu kişi benim

Seval Bilge Dağalp Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Eylül 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Acar G, Timurkan MÖ, Aydın H, Dağalp SB (01 Eylül 2021) Tavşanların önemli bir viral hastalığı: Tavşanların hemorajik hastalığı. Laboratuvar Hayvanları Bilimi ve Uygulamaları Dergisi 1 1 26–34.

Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License

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