JAMAICAN CRIME AND ECONOMY

Öz

This research paper examines an overview of literature on the most recent issues that are allied to crime and violence in Jamaica. They have been an issue which has affected the Caribbean as a whole but due to the islands many social and economic problems, it has shown an increase in crime and violence most noticeably in Jamaica. This issue has caused millions of people to live in fear due to the constant and never-ending crime and violence. The horrors of violence and crime has undoubtedly had a more profound and significant negative impact on the young population. My research will focus on the aspects of violence and crime in Jamaica. This paper will also cover the general conditions in Jamaica, the organized crime and the conventional violence, and how the impact of the crime has had an effect on economic growth. My conclusion will focus on the policies which these countries have to change that will significantly reduce crime and violence and as a result will provide a better social and economic future for all of its citizens. The aim of this research is to have a broader understanding about crime and violence in Jamaica and to raise global awareness about their conditions and the humanitarian problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Violence
• Organized and Conventional Crime
• Economic Growth, Jamaica
• Caribbean

Kaynakça

1. HARRIOTT, A., BALFORD, L., and ELIZABETH, J. Z. (2014) “The Political Culture of Democracy in Jamaica and in the Americas, 2014: Democratic Governance across 10 Years of the Americas Barometer.” Centre for Leadership & Governance, University of the West Indies, Mona , April 2015. https://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/jamaica/AB2014_Jamaica_Executive_Summary_Formatted_V3_W_082115.pdf.
2. HARRIOTT, A., and MARLYN, J. (2016) “Crime and Violence in Jamaica: IDB Series on Crime and Violence in the Caribbean.” Inter-American Development Bank, June 2016. https://doi.org/10.18235/0000333.
3. GLAISTER, L. Confronting the Don: the Political Economy of Gang Violence in Jamaica. Geneva: Small Arms Survey, 2010. Mataković H, Matakovic Cunjak, I. (2019) “The Impact of Crime on Security in Tourism.” Security and Defence Quarterly, 2019, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.35467/sdq/115539.
4. ICINDA NEIL, J. A. (2018) “IUU Fishing: a Gateway to Transnational Crimes in Jamaica.” The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University, November 4, 2018. https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/657.
5. JAFFE, R. (2019) “Writing around Violence: Representing Organized Crime in Kingston, Jamaica.” Ethnography 20, no. 3 (November 2019): 379–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138118818585.
6. JAITMAN, L., DINO, C., GRANDGUILLHOMA OCHOA, R., KEEFER, P., LEGGET, T., LEWIS, J. A., MEJIA GUERRA, J. A., MELLO, M., SUTTON, H., and TORRE, I. (2017)“The Costs of Crime and Violence: New Evidence and Insights in Latin America and the Caribbean.” Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. https://doi.org/10.18235/0000615.
7. JOHNSON, H. N., JOSEPH, L. S. (2008). “Jamaican Dons, Italian Godfathers and the Chances of a “Reversible Destiny”. Roger Williams University. Political Studies 56 (1): 166-191 https://docs.rwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1186&context=fcas_fp
8. LEE, A., DELATIE BUDAIR, L. (2018). “Statistical Annex.” Voluntary National Review Report on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, June 2018. https://doi.org/10.1787/empl_outlook-2018-11-en.

9. LEGGETT, T., VAN BRONKHORST, B., DEMOMBYNES, G., MORRISON, A. (2007) “Crime, Violence, and Development: Trends, Costs, and Policy Options in the Caribbean.” United National Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC), no. 37820 (March 2007). https://www.unodc.org/pdf/research/Cr_and_Vio_Car_E.pdf.
10. MORRIS, P., GRAYCAR, A. (2011). Homicide Through A Different Lens. British Journal of Criminology. 51. 823-838. DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azr038.
11. NIGEL, C., MARISSON, D. “The Citizen's Guide to the Budget 2020-2021.” Ministry of Finance & Public Service. Accessed April 13, 2020. https://mof.gov.jm/documents/documents-publications/document-centre/file/2356-the-citizen-s-guide-to-the-budget-2020-2021.html.
12. National Security Policy for Jamaica (2017). “Towards a Secure & Prosperous Nation” Government of Jamaica, 2007. https://www.oas.org/csh/spanish/documentos/National Security Policy - Jamaica - 2007.pdf.
13. O’REILLY, P., and O'REILLY, E. (2020) “InSight Crime's 2019 Homicide Round-Up.” InSight Crime, February 4, 2020. https://www.insightcrime.org/news/analysis/insight-crime-2019-homicide-round-up/.
14. OSAC (2019) “Jamaica 2019 Crime & Safety Report.” OSAC. Overseas Advisory Council, May 30, 2019.
15. https://www.osac.gov/Country/Jamaica/Content/Detail/Report/1d98b2df-fd4b-485f-aa62-15f4aed245ef
16. TIFFANY, A. “Ja's Budget 2014 In A Nutshell -.” diG Jamaica, July 19, 2018.
17. http://digjamaica.com/m/blog/jas-budget-2014-in-a-nutshell/.
18. UN (2017). “United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 2017”. Household Size and Composition Around the World 2017 - Data Booklet https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/household_size_and_composition_around_the_worl d_2017_data_booklet.pdf
19. USDOS (2019). “Jamaica Travel Advisory.” U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, April 15, 2019.
20. https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/jamaica-travel-advisory.html.
21. WITBOOI, E. (2020). “CRIMINALITY AND RESILIENCE: Rocky Point, Jamaica.” Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, February 2020. https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Jamaica-report.19.02.v3.pdf.
22. World Bank (2019) “The World Bank In Jamaica - Overview. October 7, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/jamaica/overview#1.
23. WTTC (2017). “Jamaica - How Does Travel & Tourism Compare to Other Sectors?” World Travel & Tourism Council, 2017. https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/benchmark-reports/country-reports-2017/jamaica.pdf.
24. WTTC (2020). “Jamaica - 2020 Annual Research: Key Highlights.” World Travel & Tourism Council 2020 file:///C:/Users/hadzibse/Downloads/Jamaica 2020.pdf