“Dil, entegrasyonun anahtarıdır” bir efsane mi? Göç bağlamında konuşmacının meşruiyeti ve tanınmanın politikası

Öz

Bu makale, eleştirel toplumdilbilim çerçevesinden, dil yeterliliğinin entegrasyonu doğrudan sağladığı yönündeki yaygın varsayımı sorgular. Makale, gündelik değerlendirmelerde belirleyici olanın “konuşmacının meşruiyeti” olduğunu; yani konuşmacının ve kullandıkları dil çeşitlerinin ne ölçüde güvenilir, kabul edilebilir ve dinlenmeye değer görüldüğünü savunur. Üniversite öğrencileriyle yapılan odak grup görüşmelerine dayanan çalışma, göçmenler ve mültecilerle karşılaşmaların dil, kategorileştirme ve toplumsal değerlendirme üzerinden nasıl anlatıldığını ve yorumlandığını inceler. Anlatı çözümlemesi yaklaşımıyla, katılımcıların kendi hikâye dünyaları içinde dil ile göç arasındaki ilişkiyi nasıl anlamlandırdıkları izlenir. Bulgular, anlatılar boyunca dilin etnisite, mülteci statüsü ve ırksallaştırılmış ayrıcalık gibi diğer toplumsal kategorilerle sürekli olarak iç içe geçtiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca baskın dili konuşmanın göçmenler için toplumsal tanınmayı garanti etmediğini; meşruiyetin aksan, dilsel değişkeler ve bunlarla ilişkilendirilen toplumsal kimliklere dair değerlendirmeler üzerinden müzakere edildiğini ortaya koyar. Bu nedenle makale, dil-entegrasyon ilişkisinin, yalnızca dilsel yeterlilik üzerinden değil, konuşmanın meşruiyeti ve tanınmanın politikası üzerinden daha iyi anlaşılabileceğini ileri sürer. Sonuç olarak, toplumsal kabul ve uyumu ortak bir dil konuşmaya indirgemeye çalışan yaklaşımların, kimin meşru biçimde “dinlenmeye değer” görüldüğünü ve kimin çeperde bırakıldığını belirleyen toplumsal koşulları ve pratiklerini gözden kaçırma riski taşıdığını vurgular.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• toplumdilbilim
• dil ve göç
• dilsel entegrasyon
• anlatı çözümlemesi
• dil kullanımı

Etik Beyan

29 Mayıs Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu tarafından 02.01.2024 tarihli ve 2024/01-9 sayılı Etik Kurul onayı alınmıştır. Katılımcılar araştırma hakkında bilgilendirilmiş ve katılımcılardan aydınlatılmış onam alınmıştır.

Is “Language as the Key to Integration” A Myth? Legitimate Speakership and the Politics of Recognition in Migration Context

Öz

Drawing on critical sociolinguistics, this article questions the widespread assumption that language competence straightforwardly results in integration. It argues that what matters in everyday evaluations is legitimate speakership, namely whether speakers and their varieties are recognised as credible, acceptable, and worthy of being heard. Drawing on focus group discussions with university students, the article examines how encounters with migrants and refugees are narrated and interpreted through language, categorisation, and social evaluation. A narrative analytic approach is used to trace how participants make sense of the relationship between language and migration within their story worlds. The findings show that, across narratives, language is repeatedly intertwined with other social categories such as ethnicity, refugee status, and racialised privilege. They further show that speaking the dominant language does not guarantee social recognition for migrants, as legitimacy is negotiated through evaluations of accent, variety, and the social identities associated with them. The article therefore argues that the language-integration nexus is better understood through the politics of legitimate speakership rather than linguistic ability alone. It concludes that approaches reducing social acceptance and cohesion to a shared language risk overlooking the social conditions and gatekeeping practices that shape who is heard as legitimate and who is kept at the margins.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sociolinguistics
• language and migration
• linguistic integration
• narrative analysis
• language use

Etik Beyan

Ethical Statement: Ethics Committee approval was obtained from Istanbul 29 Mayıs University Ethics Committee (2 January 2024; Reference number: 2024/01-9). Participants were informed about the study, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

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