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Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model

Cilt: 49 Sayı: 3 6 Aralık 2025
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Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model

Öz

Water is essential for life. It plays a critical role in sustaining both natural ecosystems and urban environments. However, the sustainability of this vital resource is increasingly at risk due to growing pressures. The İzmir Bay sub-basin, located in the semiarid western region of Turkey, holds significant economic, ecological, and social importance. However, the region's water resources are facing significant challenges due to rapid urbanization, population growth, and the impacts of climate change, with vulnerability expected to increase in the future. This study employs the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model to evaluate water potential, address domestic and agricultural water demands, and explore management strategies for sustainability of the region. The research first examines available water resources that supply water to eleven districts in the former metropolitan area of İzmir province (Balçova, Bayraklı, Bornova, Buca, Çiğli, Gaziemir, Güzelbahçe, Karabağlar, Konak, Karşıyaka, and Narlıdere) within the sub-basin. Population projections for the region up to 2050 were also estimated to understand water demand. Additionally, favorable and unfavorable scenarios were developed based on projected changes in temperature, precipitation, and flow rates under the RCP4.5 scenario. These projections utilized MPI-ESM-MR and HadGEM2-ES, both of which are state-of-the-art global climate models. Three scenarios —reference, optimistic, and pessimistic— representing varying climatic and hydrological conditions were analyzed using the WEAP model. Findings indicate a sharp rise in water demand, reaching 318.25 hm³ by 2050 in the reference scenario, while the pessimistic scenario forecasts the highest demand at 381.59 hm³. Unmet demand could rise dramatically under pessimistic conditions, reaching 160.9 hm³ by 2050. This emphasizes the urgent need for mitigation strategies. The optimistic scenario demonstrates that proactive policies and climate resilience measures can prevent shortages and provide water balance. Without strategic interventions, İzmir Bay’s water security will remain at risk. Forward-looking policies and effective management are essential to ensure equitable and sustainable water distribution in the face of growing demand and climate change pressures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Acatay, T. (1996). Sulama Mühendisliği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Vakfı Yayınevi, İzmir.
  2. Blaney, H.F. & Criddle, W.P. (1950). Determining Water Requirements in Irrigated Areas from Climatological and Irrigation Data. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.
  3. Blanco-Gutiérrez, I., Varela-Ortega, C. & Purkey, D.R. (2011) Integrated economic-hydrologic analysis of policy responses to promote sustainable water use under changing climatic conditions. International Congress European Association of Agricultural Economics.
  4. Comair, G.F., McKinney, D.C. & Siegel, D. (2012) Hydrology of the Jordan River Basin: Watershed Delineation, Precipitation and Evapotranspiration. Water Resources Management, Vol. 26, 4281-4293. doi: 10.1007/s11269-012-0144-8
  5. General Directorate of İzmir Water and Sewerage Administration (IZSU). (2023). Annual Report of 2023.
  6. Hamlat, A., Errih, M. & Guidoum, A. (2013) Simulation of water resources management scenarios in western Algeria watersheds using WEAP model. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2225–2236. doi: 10.1007/s12517-012-0539-0
  7. Hussain, S. (2023). Water Resource Planning and Management Using WEAP and SWAT Models- A Review. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science, Vol.11, 173-182.
  8. IZSU, (2024, 15, December). General Directorate of İzmir Water and Sewerage Administration, https://www.izsu.gov.tr/

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Hidrojeoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

6 Aralık 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

6 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

15 Mart 2025

Kabul Tarihi

16 Mayıs 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 49 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Durmuş, H., & Elçi, Ş. (2025). Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 49(3), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.24232/jmd.1658661
AMA
1.Durmuş H, Elçi Ş. Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi. 2025;49(3):95-110. doi:10.24232/jmd.1658661
Chicago
Durmuş, Hazal, ve Şebnem Elçi. 2025. “Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model”. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 49 (3): 95-110. https://doi.org/10.24232/jmd.1658661.
EndNote
Durmuş H, Elçi Ş (01 Aralık 2025) Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 49 3 95–110.
IEEE
[1]H. Durmuş ve Ş. Elçi, “Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model”, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, c. 49, sy 3, ss. 95–110, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.24232/jmd.1658661.
ISNAD
Durmuş, Hazal - Elçi, Şebnem. “Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model”. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 49/3 (01 Aralık 2025): 95-110. https://doi.org/10.24232/jmd.1658661.
JAMA
1.Durmuş H, Elçi Ş. Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi. 2025;49:95–110.
MLA
Durmuş, Hazal, ve Şebnem Elçi. “Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model”. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, c. 49, sy 3, Aralık 2025, ss. 95-110, doi:10.24232/jmd.1658661.
Vancouver
1.Hazal Durmuş, Şebnem Elçi. Sustainable Water Management in the İzmir Bay Sub-Basin: An Evaluation of Water Resources with the WEAP Model. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi. 01 Aralık 2025;49(3):95-110. doi:10.24232/jmd.1658661