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Yeraltısuyu Çekimi Sonucu Oluşan Yüzey Çökmesi Problemi; Bilimsel Araştırmaların Tarihsel Gelişimi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1, 77 - 106, 15.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.24232/jmd.434142

Öz

Akiferlerden yoğun su çekimi sonucu oluşan yüzey çökmesi konusundaki bilimsel araştırmalar 1890’lı yıllara
kadar uzanmaktadır. Zamanla teknolojik ve endüstriyel gelişmeler su ihtiyacını çok artırmış ve yeraltısuyu havzaları
vazgeçilemez kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Sanayileşmenin yaygın olduğu bölgelerde gözlenen ve altyapıyı olumsuz
olarak etkileyen bu gelişmenin yoğun su-petrol-gaz üretimi ile bağlantılı olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Daha sonraki yıllarda
konunun bilimsel olarak araştırıldığı ve su/akışkan çekimi ile yüzeydeki deformasyonun ilişkilerinin matematiksel
olarak ifade edildiği izlenmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalarda yeraltısuyu akımı ve deformasyon ilişkisi birlikte ele
alınmış ve mekanizmaların fiziksel ve mekanik yanları incelenmiştir. Terzaghi’nin konsolidasyon modeli ve Biot’nun
yeraltısuyu akımı ve yüzey deformasyonunu matematiksel olarak formüle etmesi araştırmalara çok önemli katkılar
sağlamıştır. Bu gelişmeleri takip eden yıllarda ilgili mekanizmaları açıklayan matematiksel denklemlerin analitik
yöntemlerle çözülmeleri önemli bir aşama olarak değerlendirilmiş, ancak karmaşık ve çok boyutlu ortamlarda
analitik yöntemler yetersiz kalmıştır. Sonlu Farklar ve Sonlu Elemanlar sayısal yöntemlerinin kullanılması ve
bilgisayar teknolojisindeki gelişmeler karmaşık problemlerin çözümünü sağlamış ve yapılan bilimsel araştırmalara
ivme kazandırmıştır.
Bu makalede yüzey çökmesi konusundaki araştırmalar tarihsel boyutta özetlenerek konunun bilimsel gelişimi
aktarılmaktadır. Temel denklemler yardımı ile su hareketi ve yüzey çökmesi mekanizması anlatılmakta ve dünya
genelinde yüzey çökmesi yaşanan bölgeler tanıtılarak konu ile ilgili güncel araştırmalar irdelenmektedir.

Kaynakça

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Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Nurkan Karahanoğlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7812-8061

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Şubat 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karahanoğlu, N. (2018). Yeraltısuyu Çekimi Sonucu Oluşan Yüzey Çökmesi Problemi; Bilimsel Araştırmaların Tarihsel Gelişimi. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 42(1), 77-106. https://doi.org/10.24232/jmd.434142