Improvement of Clay Soil Using a Plaster Mortar Additive

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2, 135 - 148, 25.12.2023

Mohammed Qader , Hasan Çetin , Emre Pınarcı

https://doi.org/10.24232/jmd.1341861

Öz

This study examines possibility of improving clayey soils in the Handere Formation exposed in the vicinity of Adana (S. Turkey), one of the largest cities in southern Turkey. The Handere Formation, from where the samples for this study are taken, is stratigraphically at the upper most part of the marine sediments of the Adana Basin. The unit is located at the northern part of Adana city. The samples were examined in the geotechnical laboratory to determine the effect of plaster mortar (Master Cast) on the geotechnical properties of the soil and its ability to improve the soil. shear box, consolidation, unconfined compressive strength tests were applied on the samples. It has been shown that the master cast used can improve soil properties geometrically and can be used as a soil stabilizer. The plasticity values of the soils were reduced by master cast addition. Besides, it was determined that the highest maximum dry unit weight and the lowest optimum moisture content were obtained by 15% master cast addition. The soil strength properties were reached to the top values in case of 15% master cast added into the mixtures. Besides, it is determined that the coefficient of volume compressibility (Mv) and the pre-consolidation pressure values are ideal when the master cast ratio in the mixtures are 10% and 5% respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adana, handere, master cast

Killi Bir Zeminin Sıva Harcı Katkısı Kullanılarak İyileştirilmesi

Öz

This study examines possibility of improving clayey soils in the Handere Formation exposed in the vicinity of Adana (S. Turkey), one of the largest cities in southern Turkey. The Handere Formation, from where the samples for this study are taken, is stratigraphically at the upper most part of the marine sediments of the Adana Basin. The unit is located at the northern part of Adana city. The samples were examined in the geotechnical laboratory to determine the effect of plaster mortar (Master Cast) on the geotechnical properties of the soil and its ability to improve the soil. shear box, consolidation, unconfined compressive strength tests were applied on the samples. It has been shown that the master cast used has the potential to improve soil properties geometrically and can be used as a soil stabilizer. The plasticity values of the soils were reduced by master cast addition. Besides, it was determined that the highest maximum dry unit weight and the lowest optimum moisture content were obtained by 15% master cast addition. The soil strength properties were reached to the maximum values in case of 15% master cast added into the mixtures. Besides, it is determined that the coefficient of volume compressibility (Mv) and the pre-consolidation pressure values are ideal when the master cast ratio in the mixtures are 10% and 5% respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adana, Master cast, Handere

Destekleyen Kurum

YOK

Teşekkür

Çukurova üniversitesi- jeoloji bölümü

Kaynakça

• Akbarimehr, D., & Fakharian, D. (2021). Dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of clay mixed with waste rubber using cyclic triaxial apparatus. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 106435.
• Agarwal, B. K., Shah, J. & Sachan, A. (2023). Determination of optimum content of additive for stabilization of expansive soil considering its shrinkage, swelling, desiccation cracking, and shear strength response. Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology.
• Ahmed, H. (2023). Two-dimensional study of the inclusions of skirt sand and deep cement piles to improve the load-displacement behavior of circular foundations on soft clay soil. Heliyon. e13627.
• ASTM D 2166, (2009). Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, In: Annual Book ASTM Standards, Volume 04.08, West Conshohocken, p 201–206.
• ASTM, D 2435, (2009). Standard Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils, In: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.08, West Conshohocken, p 238–247.
• ASTM, D 3080-98, (2003). Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, pp.347–352. West Conshohocken, PA, 4.08.
• ASTM, D 698-00, (2009). Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials, 04.08, West Conshohocken, pp. 78–87.
• Aswad M. F., Al-Gharbawi, A. S. A, Fattah, M. Y., Mustfa, R. H. & Hameed, H. R. (2023). Improvement of Clayey Soil Characteristics Using Poly Acrylamide Geopolymer, Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology.
• Cetin, H., Fener, M. & Günaydın, O., (2006). Geotechnical properties of tire-cohesive clayey soil mixtures as a fill material. Engineering Geology, Elsevier, Vol. 88, pp. 110-120.
• Chen, Y., Zhao, W., Han, J., & Jia, P. (2019). A cel study of bearing capacity and failure mechanism of strip footing resting on c-φ soils. Comput. Geotech. 111, 126–136.
• Cosentino, D., Darbaş, G., Gliozzi, E., Grossi, F., Gürbüz, K. & Nazik, A. (2010a). How did the Messinian salinity crisis impact the Adana Basin? 7th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology, Adana, Turkey, 18–22 October 2010. Abstract Book, 145.
• Cosentino, D., Darbaş, G., & Gürbüz, K. (2010b). The Messinian salinity crisis in the marginal basins of the peri-Mediterranean orogenic systems: examples from the central Apennines (Italy) and the Adana Basin (Turkey). EGU General Assembly 2010. 2-7 May, 2010 in Vienna, Austria, p.2462.
• Cipollari, P., Cosentino, D., Radeff, G., Schildgen, T. F., Faranda, C., Grossi, F., Gliozzi, E., Smedile, A., Gennari, R., Darbas, G., Dudas, Ö., Gürbüz, K., Nazik, A., & Echtler, H. (2012). Easternmost Mediterranean evidence of the Zanclean flooding event and subsequent surface uplift: Adana Basin, southern Turkey. Geological Society, London, Special Publications Volume 372 Pages 473 – 494.
• Darbaş, G. & Nazik, A. (2010). Micropaleontology and paleoecology of the Neogene sediments in the Adana Basin (South of Turkey). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 39, 136–147.
• Ding, X., Qu, L., Yang, J., & Wang, C., (2020). Experimental study on the pile group-soil vibration induced by railway traffic under the inclined bedrock condition. Acta Geotech. 15 (12), 3613–3620.
• Faranda, C., Cipollari, P., Cosentino, D., Gliozzi, E. & Pipponzi, G. (2008). Late Miocene ostracod assemblages from eastern Mediterranean coral- reef complexes (central Crete, Greece). Revue de Micropaléontologie 51, 287–308.
• Gürbüz, K. & Kelling, G. (1993). The provenance of Miocene submarine fans in the northern Adana Basin, southern Turkey: a test of discriminant function analysis. Geological Journal 28, 277–293. https://mbcc.sika.com/en-tr/products/mastercast/ mastercast-301
• Pengjiao, J., Wen, Z., Khoshghalb, A., Pengpeng, N., Baofeng, J., Yang, & C., Shengang, L., (2020). A new model to predict ground surface settlement induced by jacked pipes with flanges. Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech. 98, 103330.
• Proctor, R. R., (1933). Fundamental principles of soil compaction. Engineering News-Record, Vol. 111, Nos. 9, 10, 12, and 13.
• Schmidt, G. C., (1961). Stratigraphic nomenculature for Adana region, Petroleum District VII: Petroleum Administration Bulletin, Ankara, 6. 47- 63.
• Sharma, L., Sirdesai N. N., Sharma K. M, & Singh T. N. (2018). Experimental study to examine the independent roles of lime and cement on the stabilization of a mountain soil: a comparative study, Appl. Clay Sci. 152 183–195.
• Sheob. M., Sajid, M., Ansari, A., M., Rais, I., Sadique, M.R., & Ahmad, S. (2023). Using a blend of cement and waste glass powder to improve the properties of clayey soil. Materials Today: Proceedings.
• Suresh, R. & Murugaiyan, V. (2021). Influence of chemical admixtures on geotechnical properties of expansive soil, Int. J. Eng., Trans. A: Basics 34 (1). 19–25.
• Tong, L., Li, H., Ha, S.I. & Liu, S., (2022). Lateral bearing performance and mechanism of piles in the transition zone due to pit-in-pit excavation. Acta Geotech 17 (5), 1935–1948.
• Tran, Q, N., Hoy, M., Suddeepong, A., Horpibulsuk, S., K., K. & Arulrajah, A. (2022). Improved mechanical and microstructure of cement- stabilized lateritic soil using recycled materials replacement and natural rubber latex for pavement applications. Construction and Building Materials, 347, 128547.
• Ünlügenç, U. C. (1993). Controls on Cenozoic sedimentation, Adana Basin, Southern Turkey. PhD thesis, University of Keele.
• Wang, A., Zhang, D., & Deng, Y., (2018a). Lateral response of single piles in cement-improved soil: numerical and theoretical investigation. Comput. Geotech. 102, 164–178.
• Wang, A., Zhang, D., & Deng, Y., (2018b). A simplified approach for axial response of single precast concrete piles in cement-treated soil. International Journal of Civil Engineering. 16 (10), 1491–1501.
• Yang, S., Lohnes, R.A., & Kjartanson, B.H. (2002). Mechanical properties of shredded tires. Geotechnical Testing Journal 25, 44–52.
• Yetiş, C. & Demirkol, C., (1986). Adana Baseni Batı kesiminin detay etüdü. MTA Rapor No: 8037, 187s. (unreleased, in Turkish).
• Yetiş, C., Kelling, G., Gökçen, S.L. & Baroz, F. (1995). A revised stratigraphic framework for Later Cenozoic sequences in the northeastern Mediterranean region. Geol. Rundsch. 84, 794–812.
• Yi, Y. L. Liu, & Gu, S. (2015). Microstructural and mechanical properties of marine soft clay stabilized by lime-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag, Appl Clay Sci 103 71–76.
• Youwai, S., & Bergado, D.T., (2004). Numerical analysis of reinforced wall using rubber tire chips-sand mixtures as backfill material. Computers and Geotechnics 31, 103–114.
• Zada, U., Jamal, A., Iqbal, M., Eldin, S. M, Almoshaogeh, M., Bekkouche, S. R., & Almuaythir, S., (2023). Recent advances in expansive soil stabilization using admixtures: current challenges and opportunities. Case Studies in Construction Materials. e01985.
• Zhuang, Y., Cui, X., Zhang, S., Dai, G., & Zhao, X. (2020). The load transfer mechanism in reinforced piled embankment under cyclic loading and unloading. Eur. J. Environ. Civ. En. 1–15.
• Zhou, EQ., Yao, Y., Cui, L. & Wang, L. (2023). Shear strength characteristics of unsaturated rubber silt mixtures. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 44 (7): 1949-1958.