Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi

Feray Korucu Yağız

doi:10.26658/jmr.1814183

Araştırma Makalesi

Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 18, 225 - 249, 11.11.2025

Feray Korucu Yağız

https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814183

Öz

2020 yılında, Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Gürses Mahallesi, Özgider Mezrası’nda, Diyarbakır Müzesi Müdürlüğü tarafından bir kurtarma kazısı yapılmıştır. Yürütülen kazı çalışmaları sonrasında, düzgün olmayan taşların sıralanışının takip edilebildiği kadarıyla farklı dönemlerde yapılan eklemelerle genişletildiği anlaşılan, altı odalı kırsal bir villanın duvar ve temel kalıntıları ile bu büyük kompleksin 6 no.’lu mekân olarak adlandırılan birimi içerisinde bir zemin mozaiği gün ışığına çıkarılmıştır. Ağırlıklı olarak beyaz, gri, sarı, kırmızı, turuncu ve siyah renklerdeki tesseraların birleştirilmesiyle oluşturulduğu görülen eserin, malzeme ve teknik özelliklerinden, süsleme kompozisyonun oluşumunu sağlayan desen repertuarının sunduğu verilerden ve benzer zaman aralığına ait örneklerle yapılan karşılaştırmalardan hareketle Geç Roma-Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne (İS 4-5. yüzyıl) ait olduğu düşünülmüştür. Geç Antik Çağ’a tarihlenen bu mozaiğin zemininde dalgalanmalar, kopmalar, çökmeler; yüzeyinde ise patina (kireçlenme) gibi doğal ve beşerî faktörlere bağlı olarak gelişen tahribat nedeniyle özgün yapısını yitirdiği ve günümüze bütünlüğünü koruyan bir eser olarak ulaşamadığı görülmüştür. Ancak özellikle orta bölümünün çok büyük bir deformasyona uğradığı ve ciddi ölçüde tahrip olduğu gözlemlenen eser, var olan tüm bu olumsuzluklara rağmen farklı açılardan tetkik edilebilmiş, yapılan bu derin ve kapsamlı araştırmayla mozaiğin hem teknik özelliklerinin hem de süsleme kompozisyonunun biçim ve üslup özelliklerinin ana hatları belirlenebilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır’da, Özgider Mezrası’nda yapılan kurtarma kazıları sonrasında ortaya çıkarılan, üzerinde geometrik ve bitkisel desenler ile hayvan figürlerinin yan yana getirilişiyle belli bir süsleme kompozisyonunun yaratıldığı görülen zemin mozaiği incelenecektir. Eserin malzeme ve teknik özelliklerinin neler olduğu belirlenecek, süsleme kompozisyonunu oluşturan betim ögelerinin hem form hem de forma yüklenen sembolik anlamları analiz edilecek özetle eser, ikonografik ve ikonolojik açıdan ele alınıp yorumlanacaktır. Ayrıca ilk kez bu yayınla tanınacak olan, bulunduğu coğrafya dolayısıyla nadir bir örnek olarak çağdaşı diğer örneklerle bir arada değerlendirilmesi gerektiği düşünülen zemin mozaiğinin pek çok farklı ölçütün temel alınarak incelenmesiyle bölge ve yerleşim alanının sanatsal üretim süreçlerine, bu sürecin hangi sanatsal gelenekler takip edilerek biçimlendirildiğine ve bölgenin kültürel etkileşim sahasının nasıl şekillendiğine dair yeni bilgiler sunulacak, sonuç olarak eserin Geç Roma-Erken Bizans Dönemi Anadolu mozaik sanatı içindeki yeri belirlenmeye çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diyarbakır-Özgider Mezrası , sivil yapı , zemin mozaiği , ikonografik ve ikonolojik yorumlama , Geç Roma-Erken Bizans Dönemi mozaik sanatı.

Kaynakça

Kaynaklar – Bibliography
Baldock 1990 J. Baldock, The Elements of Christian Symbolism, Great Britain.
Baldwin 1915 A. Baldwin, “Symbolism on Greek Coins”, AmJNum 49, 89-194.
Balty 1981 J. Balty, “Mosaïque antique au Proche-orient I. Des origines a la Tetrachie”, H. Temporini (ed.), Aufstiegung Niedergang der Römischen Welt, principat 12.2, Berlin, 347-429.
Beysanoğlu 1999 Ş. Beysanoğlu, “Kuruluşundan Günümüze Kadar Diyarbakır Tarihi”, Diyarbakır Müze Şehir, İstanbul, 38-80.
Black - Green 1995 J. Black - A. Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: Illustrated Dictionary, Tessa Rickards (illus.), Oxford.
Blázquez 2008 J. M. Blázquez, “Der Einfluss der Mosaiken des vorderen Orients auf Hispanische Mosaiken am Ende der Antike”, JMR 1-2, 7-31.
Bodenheimer 1960 F. S. Bodenheimer, Animal and Man in Bible Lands, Leiden.
Bruce 2008 M. Bruce, Signs & Symbols: An Illustrated Guide to Their Origins and Meanings, London.
Can 2009 B. Can, “Erzincan Altıntepe Church with Mosaic”, JMR 3, 5-13.
Cirlot 2001 J. E. Cirlot, A Dictionary of Symbols, Jack Sage (trans.), Second Edition, London.
Clement 1886 T. C. E. Clement, A Handbook of Christian Symbols and Stories of The Saints as Illustrated in Art, K. E. Conway (ed.), Boston.
Comfort 2008 A. M. Comfort, Roads on the Frontier Between Rome and Persia: Euphratesia, Osrhoene and Mesopotamia from AD 363 to 602, Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Exeter, UK.
De Vries 1974 A. De Vries, Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery, London.
Dennison - Morey 1918 W. Dennison - C. R. Morey, Studies in East Christian and Roman Art, New York.
Didron - Stokes 1851 A. N. Didron - M. Stokes, Christian Iconography-The History of Christian Art in The Middle Ages, London.
Eliade 1958 M. Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religions, R. Sheed (trans.), New York.
Evans 1896 E. P. Evans, Animal Symbolism in Ecclesiastical Architecture, USA.
Ferber 1999 M. Ferber, A Dictionary of Literary Symbols, UK.
Ferguson 1973 G. Ferguson, Signs and Symbols in Christian Art, London.
Friedman 2019 A. Friedman, Art and Architecture of the Synagogue in Byzantine Palaestina, USA.
Goldsmith 1912 E. E. Goldsmith, Sacred in Art, New York.
Grant 1999 M. R. Grant, Early Christians and Animals, New York.
Hall 1996 J. Hall, Illustrated Dictionary of Symbols in Eastern and Western Art, Britain.
Hidson 2006 T. L. Hidson, Exploring Bible Prophecy from Genesis to Revelation: Clarifying the Meaning of Every Prophetic Passage Eugene, Oregon.
Işıklıkaya 2010 I. R. Işıklıkaya, Perge Mozaikleri: Macellum, Güney Hamam ve Geç Dönem Meydanı Doğu Portiği, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Jameson 1990 M. H. Jameson, “Domestic Space in the Greek City-State”, S. Kent (ed.), Domestic Architecture and the Use of Space, USA, 92-114.
Kalla 2018 G. Kalla, “Date Palms, Deer/Gazelles and Birds in Ancient Mesopotamia and Early Byzantine Syria. A Christian Iconographic Scheme and its Sources in the Ancient Orient”, T. A. Bacs - A. Bollok - T. Vida (trans.), Across the Mediterranean - Along the Nile, Archaelingua, Budapest, 863-900.
Kalof 2007 L. Kalof, Looking at Animals in the Human History, London.
Kennedy 1919 K. Kennedy, Christian Symbols: Some Notes on Their Origin and Meaning, London.
Klingender 1971 F. D. Klingender, Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Kondoleon - Becker 2005 C. Kondoleon - L. Becker, “New Findings from the Atrium House Triclinium in Antioch-on-the-Orontes (Turkey)”, CMGR IX, Vol. I., 427-433.
Kütük 2015 A. Kütük, “Bizans İmparatorluğu Zamanında Amida (Diyarbakır) (IV.-VII. Yüzyıl)”, History Studies 7(2), 77-97.
Levi 1947 L. Doro, Antioch Mosaics, Vol. I, Princeton.
Lundy 1876 J. P. Lundy, Monumental Christianity, or the Art and Symbolism of the Primitive Church as Witnesses and Teachers of one Catholic Faith and Practice, New York.
Mendelssohn 1990 H. Mendelssohn, “Nubian Ibex (Capra ibex nubiana)”, S. P. Parker (ed.), Grzimek‘s Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol.5, New York, 525-528.
Milloué 1882 M. De Milloué, “Le Svastika Ou Croix Gammée Symbole Religieux”, Bulletin de la Société D’anthropologie de Lyon 1/2, 189-197.
Nievergelt 1978 B. Nievergelt, “Die Knoten am Bockgehorn von Bezoarziege und Alpensteinbock (Capra a. aegagrus und Capra ibex)”, Zeitschift für Saugetierkunde 43, 187-190.
Osborn - Osbornová 1998 D. Osborn - J. Osbornová, The Mammals of Ancient Egypt, England.
Osborne 1985 H. Osborne, The Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts, New York.
Önal 2017 M. Önal, Urfa-Edessa Mozaikleri, Zonguldak.
Özügül 1996 A. Özügül, Antik Döşeme Mozaiklerinde Bordür Motifleri, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Pilinger et.al. 2016 R. Pilinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova, Corpus der Spätantiken und Früchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Wien.
Pinch 2004 G. Pinch, Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt, Oxford.
Rowland 1971 B. Rowland, Blind Beasts: Chaucer‘s Animal World, USA.
Rowland 1975 B. Rowland, Animals with Human Faces: A Guide to Animal Symbolism, USA.
Salem 2018 R. A. Salem, Between Global and Local: Geometric Patterns of Gallic Roman Mosaic, A Thesis For the Degree of Master of Arts Lincoln, Nebraska.
Salman 2007 B. Salman, Orta Euphrates Mozaikleri Işığında Edessa ve Samosata Mozaikleri,Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Shackleton 1997 D. Shackleton, Wild Sheep and Goats and Their Relatives: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN/SSC Caprinae Specialist Group IUCN, Switzerland and Cambridge.
Stiebing etc.al. 2018 Jr. Stiebing - H. William - S. N. Helft, Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture, New York.
Sweetman 2013 R. J. Sweetman, The Mosaics of Roman Crete: Art, Archaeology and Social Change, USA.
Thompson 1910 D. W. Thompson, The Works of Aristotle: Historia Animalium - Aristotle‘s History of Animals, J. A. Smith - W. D. Ross (eds.), Vol. 4, Oxford, New York.
Tok vd. 2013 E. Tok - A. Talaman - M. Atıcı, “Nymphaion (Kemalpaşa) Yakınlarında Bir Roma Villasının Mozaikleri: Eski Ahit Öyküleri Üstüne Bir Yorum”, JMR 16, 59-105.
Tresidder 2005 J. Tresidder, The Complete Dictionary of Symbols, Chronicle Books, USA.
Valdez 1990 R. Valdez, “Wild Goats (Capra Aegagrus)”, S. P. Parker (ed.), Grzimek‘s Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol. 5, New York, 535-537.
Werness 2006 H. Werness, The Continuum Encyclopedia of Animal Symbolism in Art, London-New York.
Yariş 2023 S. Yariş, Diyarbakır Surlarında Figüratif Yorumlar, Diyarbakır.

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 18, 225 - 249, 11.11.2025

Feray Korucu Yağız

https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814183

Öz

Kaynakça

Kaynaklar – Bibliography
Baldock 1990 J. Baldock, The Elements of Christian Symbolism, Great Britain.
Baldwin 1915 A. Baldwin, “Symbolism on Greek Coins”, AmJNum 49, 89-194.
Balty 1981 J. Balty, “Mosaïque antique au Proche-orient I. Des origines a la Tetrachie”, H. Temporini (ed.), Aufstiegung Niedergang der Römischen Welt, principat 12.2, Berlin, 347-429.
Beysanoğlu 1999 Ş. Beysanoğlu, “Kuruluşundan Günümüze Kadar Diyarbakır Tarihi”, Diyarbakır Müze Şehir, İstanbul, 38-80.
Black - Green 1995 J. Black - A. Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: Illustrated Dictionary, Tessa Rickards (illus.), Oxford.
Blázquez 2008 J. M. Blázquez, “Der Einfluss der Mosaiken des vorderen Orients auf Hispanische Mosaiken am Ende der Antike”, JMR 1-2, 7-31.
Bodenheimer 1960 F. S. Bodenheimer, Animal and Man in Bible Lands, Leiden.
Bruce 2008 M. Bruce, Signs & Symbols: An Illustrated Guide to Their Origins and Meanings, London.
Can 2009 B. Can, “Erzincan Altıntepe Church with Mosaic”, JMR 3, 5-13.
Cirlot 2001 J. E. Cirlot, A Dictionary of Symbols, Jack Sage (trans.), Second Edition, London.
Clement 1886 T. C. E. Clement, A Handbook of Christian Symbols and Stories of The Saints as Illustrated in Art, K. E. Conway (ed.), Boston.
Comfort 2008 A. M. Comfort, Roads on the Frontier Between Rome and Persia: Euphratesia, Osrhoene and Mesopotamia from AD 363 to 602, Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Exeter, UK.
De Vries 1974 A. De Vries, Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery, London.
Dennison - Morey 1918 W. Dennison - C. R. Morey, Studies in East Christian and Roman Art, New York.
Didron - Stokes 1851 A. N. Didron - M. Stokes, Christian Iconography-The History of Christian Art in The Middle Ages, London.
Eliade 1958 M. Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religions, R. Sheed (trans.), New York.
Evans 1896 E. P. Evans, Animal Symbolism in Ecclesiastical Architecture, USA.
Ferber 1999 M. Ferber, A Dictionary of Literary Symbols, UK.
Ferguson 1973 G. Ferguson, Signs and Symbols in Christian Art, London.
Friedman 2019 A. Friedman, Art and Architecture of the Synagogue in Byzantine Palaestina, USA.
Goldsmith 1912 E. E. Goldsmith, Sacred in Art, New York.
Grant 1999 M. R. Grant, Early Christians and Animals, New York.
Hall 1996 J. Hall, Illustrated Dictionary of Symbols in Eastern and Western Art, Britain.
Hidson 2006 T. L. Hidson, Exploring Bible Prophecy from Genesis to Revelation: Clarifying the Meaning of Every Prophetic Passage Eugene, Oregon.
Işıklıkaya 2010 I. R. Işıklıkaya, Perge Mozaikleri: Macellum, Güney Hamam ve Geç Dönem Meydanı Doğu Portiği, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Jameson 1990 M. H. Jameson, “Domestic Space in the Greek City-State”, S. Kent (ed.), Domestic Architecture and the Use of Space, USA, 92-114.
Kalla 2018 G. Kalla, “Date Palms, Deer/Gazelles and Birds in Ancient Mesopotamia and Early Byzantine Syria. A Christian Iconographic Scheme and its Sources in the Ancient Orient”, T. A. Bacs - A. Bollok - T. Vida (trans.), Across the Mediterranean - Along the Nile, Archaelingua, Budapest, 863-900.
Kalof 2007 L. Kalof, Looking at Animals in the Human History, London.
Kennedy 1919 K. Kennedy, Christian Symbols: Some Notes on Their Origin and Meaning, London.
Klingender 1971 F. D. Klingender, Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Kondoleon - Becker 2005 C. Kondoleon - L. Becker, “New Findings from the Atrium House Triclinium in Antioch-on-the-Orontes (Turkey)”, CMGR IX, Vol. I., 427-433.
Kütük 2015 A. Kütük, “Bizans İmparatorluğu Zamanında Amida (Diyarbakır) (IV.-VII. Yüzyıl)”, History Studies 7(2), 77-97.
Levi 1947 L. Doro, Antioch Mosaics, Vol. I, Princeton.
Lundy 1876 J. P. Lundy, Monumental Christianity, or the Art and Symbolism of the Primitive Church as Witnesses and Teachers of one Catholic Faith and Practice, New York.
Mendelssohn 1990 H. Mendelssohn, “Nubian Ibex (Capra ibex nubiana)”, S. P. Parker (ed.), Grzimek‘s Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol.5, New York, 525-528.
Milloué 1882 M. De Milloué, “Le Svastika Ou Croix Gammée Symbole Religieux”, Bulletin de la Société D’anthropologie de Lyon 1/2, 189-197.
Nievergelt 1978 B. Nievergelt, “Die Knoten am Bockgehorn von Bezoarziege und Alpensteinbock (Capra a. aegagrus und Capra ibex)”, Zeitschift für Saugetierkunde 43, 187-190.
Osborn - Osbornová 1998 D. Osborn - J. Osbornová, The Mammals of Ancient Egypt, England.
Osborne 1985 H. Osborne, The Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts, New York.
Önal 2017 M. Önal, Urfa-Edessa Mozaikleri, Zonguldak.
Özügül 1996 A. Özügül, Antik Döşeme Mozaiklerinde Bordür Motifleri, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Pilinger et.al. 2016 R. Pilinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova, Corpus der Spätantiken und Früchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Wien.
Pinch 2004 G. Pinch, Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt, Oxford.
Rowland 1971 B. Rowland, Blind Beasts: Chaucer‘s Animal World, USA.
Rowland 1975 B. Rowland, Animals with Human Faces: A Guide to Animal Symbolism, USA.
Salem 2018 R. A. Salem, Between Global and Local: Geometric Patterns of Gallic Roman Mosaic, A Thesis For the Degree of Master of Arts Lincoln, Nebraska.
Salman 2007 B. Salman, Orta Euphrates Mozaikleri Işığında Edessa ve Samosata Mozaikleri,Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Shackleton 1997 D. Shackleton, Wild Sheep and Goats and Their Relatives: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN/SSC Caprinae Specialist Group IUCN, Switzerland and Cambridge.
Stiebing etc.al. 2018 Jr. Stiebing - H. William - S. N. Helft, Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture, New York.
Sweetman 2013 R. J. Sweetman, The Mosaics of Roman Crete: Art, Archaeology and Social Change, USA.
Thompson 1910 D. W. Thompson, The Works of Aristotle: Historia Animalium - Aristotle‘s History of Animals, J. A. Smith - W. D. Ross (eds.), Vol. 4, Oxford, New York.
Tok vd. 2013 E. Tok - A. Talaman - M. Atıcı, “Nymphaion (Kemalpaşa) Yakınlarında Bir Roma Villasının Mozaikleri: Eski Ahit Öyküleri Üstüne Bir Yorum”, JMR 16, 59-105.
Tresidder 2005 J. Tresidder, The Complete Dictionary of Symbols, Chronicle Books, USA.
Valdez 1990 R. Valdez, “Wild Goats (Capra Aegagrus)”, S. P. Parker (ed.), Grzimek‘s Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol. 5, New York, 535-537.
Werness 2006 H. Werness, The Continuum Encyclopedia of Animal Symbolism in Art, London-New York.
Yariş 2023 S. Yariş, Diyarbakır Surlarında Figüratif Yorumlar, Diyarbakır.

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 18, 225 - 249, 11.11.2025

Feray Korucu Yağız

https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814183

Öz

Kaynakça

Kaynaklar – Bibliography
Baldock 1990 J. Baldock, The Elements of Christian Symbolism, Great Britain.
Baldwin 1915 A. Baldwin, “Symbolism on Greek Coins”, AmJNum 49, 89-194.
Balty 1981 J. Balty, “Mosaïque antique au Proche-orient I. Des origines a la Tetrachie”, H. Temporini (ed.), Aufstiegung Niedergang der Römischen Welt, principat 12.2, Berlin, 347-429.
Beysanoğlu 1999 Ş. Beysanoğlu, “Kuruluşundan Günümüze Kadar Diyarbakır Tarihi”, Diyarbakır Müze Şehir, İstanbul, 38-80.
Black - Green 1995 J. Black - A. Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: Illustrated Dictionary, Tessa Rickards (illus.), Oxford.
Blázquez 2008 J. M. Blázquez, “Der Einfluss der Mosaiken des vorderen Orients auf Hispanische Mosaiken am Ende der Antike”, JMR 1-2, 7-31.
Bodenheimer 1960 F. S. Bodenheimer, Animal and Man in Bible Lands, Leiden.
Bruce 2008 M. Bruce, Signs & Symbols: An Illustrated Guide to Their Origins and Meanings, London.
Can 2009 B. Can, “Erzincan Altıntepe Church with Mosaic”, JMR 3, 5-13.
Cirlot 2001 J. E. Cirlot, A Dictionary of Symbols, Jack Sage (trans.), Second Edition, London.
Clement 1886 T. C. E. Clement, A Handbook of Christian Symbols and Stories of The Saints as Illustrated in Art, K. E. Conway (ed.), Boston.
Comfort 2008 A. M. Comfort, Roads on the Frontier Between Rome and Persia: Euphratesia, Osrhoene and Mesopotamia from AD 363 to 602, Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Exeter, UK.
De Vries 1974 A. De Vries, Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery, London.
Dennison - Morey 1918 W. Dennison - C. R. Morey, Studies in East Christian and Roman Art, New York.
Didron - Stokes 1851 A. N. Didron - M. Stokes, Christian Iconography-The History of Christian Art in The Middle Ages, London.
Eliade 1958 M. Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religions, R. Sheed (trans.), New York.
Evans 1896 E. P. Evans, Animal Symbolism in Ecclesiastical Architecture, USA.
Ferber 1999 M. Ferber, A Dictionary of Literary Symbols, UK.
Ferguson 1973 G. Ferguson, Signs and Symbols in Christian Art, London.
Friedman 2019 A. Friedman, Art and Architecture of the Synagogue in Byzantine Palaestina, USA.
Goldsmith 1912 E. E. Goldsmith, Sacred in Art, New York.
Grant 1999 M. R. Grant, Early Christians and Animals, New York.
Hall 1996 J. Hall, Illustrated Dictionary of Symbols in Eastern and Western Art, Britain.
Hidson 2006 T. L. Hidson, Exploring Bible Prophecy from Genesis to Revelation: Clarifying the Meaning of Every Prophetic Passage Eugene, Oregon.
Işıklıkaya 2010 I. R. Işıklıkaya, Perge Mozaikleri: Macellum, Güney Hamam ve Geç Dönem Meydanı Doğu Portiği, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul. Jameson 1990 M. H. Jameson, “Domestic Space in the Greek City-State”, S. Kent (ed.), Domestic Architecture and the Use of Space, USA, 92-114.
Kalla 2018 G. Kalla, “Date Palms, Deer/Gazelles and Birds in Ancient Mesopotamia and Early Byzantine Syria. A Christian Iconographic Scheme and its Sources in the Ancient Orient”, T. A. Bacs - A. Bollok - T. Vida (trans.), Across the Mediterranean - Along the Nile, Archaelingua, Budapest, 863-900.
Kalof 2007 L. Kalof, Looking at Animals in the Human History, London.
Kennedy 1919 K. Kennedy, Christian Symbols: Some Notes on Their Origin and Meaning, London.
Klingender 1971 F. D. Klingender, Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Kondoleon - Becker 2005 C. Kondoleon - L. Becker, “New Findings from the Atrium House Triclinium in Antioch-on-the-Orontes (Turkey)”, CMGR IX, Vol. I., 427-433.
Kütük 2015 A. Kütük, “Bizans İmparatorluğu Zamanında Amida (Diyarbakır) (IV.-VII. Yüzyıl)”, History Studies 7(2), 77-97.
Levi 1947 L. Doro, Antioch Mosaics, Vol. I, Princeton.
Lundy 1876 J. P. Lundy, Monumental Christianity, or the Art and Symbolism of the Primitive Church as Witnesses and Teachers of one Catholic Faith and Practice, New York.
Mendelssohn 1990 H. Mendelssohn, “Nubian Ibex (Capra ibex nubiana)”, S. P. Parker (ed.), Grzimek‘s Encyclopedia of Mammals, Vol.5, New York, 525-528.
Milloué 1882 M. De Milloué, “Le Svastika Ou Croix Gammée Symbole Religieux”, Bulletin de la Société D’anthropologie de Lyon 1/2, 189-197.
Nievergelt 1978 B. Nievergelt, “Die Knoten am Bockgehorn von Bezoarziege und Alpensteinbock (Capra a. aegagrus und Capra ibex)”, Zeitschift für Saugetierkunde 43, 187-190.
Osborn - Osbornová 1998 D. Osborn - J. Osbornová, The Mammals of Ancient Egypt, England.
Osborne 1985 H. Osborne, The Oxford Companion to the Decorative Arts, New York.
Önal 2017 M. Önal, Urfa-Edessa Mozaikleri, Zonguldak.
Özügül 1996 A. Özügül, Antik Döşeme Mozaiklerinde Bordür Motifleri, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Pilinger et.al. 2016 R. Pilinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova, Corpus der Spätantiken und Früchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Wien.
Pinch 2004 G. Pinch, Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt, Oxford.
Rowland 1971 B. Rowland, Blind Beasts: Chaucer‘s Animal World, USA.
Rowland 1975 B. Rowland, Animals with Human Faces: A Guide to Animal Symbolism, USA.
Salem 2018 R. A. Salem, Between Global and Local: Geometric Patterns of Gallic Roman Mosaic, A Thesis For the Degree of Master of Arts Lincoln, Nebraska.
Salman 2007 B. Salman, Orta Euphrates Mozaikleri Işığında Edessa ve Samosata Mozaikleri,Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Shackleton 1997 D. Shackleton, Wild Sheep and Goats and Their Relatives: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN/SSC Caprinae Specialist Group IUCN, Switzerland and Cambridge.
Stiebing etc.al. 2018 Jr. Stiebing - H. William - S. N. Helft, Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture, New York.
Sweetman 2013 R. J. Sweetman, The Mosaics of Roman Crete: Art, Archaeology and Social Change, USA.
Thompson 1910 D. W. Thompson, The Works of Aristotle: Historia Animalium - Aristotle‘s History of Animals, J. A. Smith - W. D. Ross (eds.), Vol. 4, Oxford, New York.
Tok vd. 2013 E. Tok - A. Talaman - M. Atıcı, “Nymphaion (Kemalpaşa) Yakınlarında Bir Roma Villasının Mozaikleri: Eski Ahit Öyküleri Üstüne Bir Yorum”, JMR 16, 59-105.
Tresidder 2005 J. Tresidder, The Complete Dictionary of Symbols, Chronicle Books, USA.
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Yariş 2023 S. Yariş, Diyarbakır Surlarında Figüratif Yorumlar, Diyarbakır.

Rescue Excavation in Özgider Hamlet, Çınar District, Diyarbakır Province: Iconographic and Iconological Analysis of the Floor Mosaic of the Late Roman - Early Byzantion Period

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 18, 225 - 249, 11.11.2025

Feray Korucu Yağız

https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814183

Öz

In 2020, a rescue excavation in the Özgider Hamlet, Gürses Neighborhood, Çınar District, Diyarbakır Province was conducted by the Diyarbakır Museum Directorate. Following the excavations, the wall and floor remains of a six-room rural villa were revealed. Based on the alignment of irregularly placed stones, it appears that the structure was expanded through additions made during different periods. A floor mosaic was also revealed in a part of this large complex, which is called room number 6. The floor mosaic, which appears to be composed of tesserae predominantly in white, gray, yellow, red, orange, and black, is characterized by its material and technical features, it is thought that the artwork belongs to the Late Roman-Early Byzantion period (4th-5th), based on the material and technical characteristics, the data provided by the pattern repertoire that forms the decorative composition, and comparisons with examples from the same time period. It has been observed that this mosaic, dating back to Late Antiquity, has lost its original structure due to damage caused by natural and human factors such as ripples, cracks, and collapses on its floor, and patina (calcification) on its surface, and has not survived to the present day as an intact artwork. However, despite all the negative factors, the artwork, which has particularly undergone significant deformation in its central section and suffered considerable damage, has been examined from various angles. Thanks to this detailed and comprehensive research, it has been possible to determine the main features of both the technical characteristics and the decorative composition of the mosaic in terms of form and style. In this study, it will be analysed a floor mosaic found during rescue excavations in Özgider Hamlet, Diyarbakır, which reveals a decorative composition consisting of geometric and plant patterns and animal figures arranged side by side. This study aims to identify the material and technical features of the mosaic and to analyze the descriptive components of decorative composition by considering both their formal qualities and the symbolic meanings ascribed to them. Ultimately, the floor mosaic will be examined and interpreted through iconographic and iconological approaches. This study also offers the opportunity to examine the floor mosaic, which will be known for the first time in this publication and is considered a rare example due to its geography. The floor mosaic should be evaluated with other contemporary examples based on many different criteria. This study will provide new information about the artistic production processes of the region and settlement area, the artistic traditions followed in shaping this process, and how the cultural interaction area of the region was formed. Consequently, the aim of this study is to determine the place of the artwork within the mosaic art of Anatolia during the Late Roman-Early Byzantine Period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diyarbakır-Özgider Hamlet , civil architecture , floor mosaic , iconographic and iconological analysis

Kaynakça

Kaynaklar – Bibliography
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Yariş 2023 S. Yariş, Diyarbakır Surlarında Figüratif Yorumlar, Diyarbakır.

Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Arkeoloji Bilimi
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Feray Korucu Yağız
Gönderilme Tarihi	28 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi	28 Eylül 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi	11 Kasım 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2025 Sayı: 18

Kaynak Göster

APA	Korucu Yağız, F. (2025). Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi. Journal of Mosaic Research(18), 225-249. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814183
AMA	Korucu Yağız F. Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi. Journal of Mosaic Research. Kasım 2025;(18):225-249. doi:10.26658/jmr.1814183
Chicago	Korucu Yağız, Feray. “Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi”. Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 18 (Kasım 2025): 225-49. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814183.
EndNote	Korucu Yağız F (01 Kasım 2025) Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi. Journal of Mosaic Research 18 225–249.
IEEE	F. Korucu Yağız, “Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi”, Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 18, ss. 225–249, Kasım2025, doi: 10.26658/jmr.1814183.
ISNAD	Korucu Yağız, Feray. “Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi”. Journal of Mosaic Research 18 (Kasım2025), 225-249. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814183.
JAMA	Korucu Yağız F. Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi. Journal of Mosaic Research. 2025;:225–249.
MLA	Korucu Yağız, Feray. “Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi”. Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 18, 2025, ss. 225-49, doi:10.26658/jmr.1814183.
Vancouver	Korucu Yağız F. Diyarbakır İli, Çınar İlçesi, Özgider Mezrası Kurtarma Kazısı: Geç Roma - Erken Bizans Dönemi’ne Ait Zemin Mozaiğinin İkonografik ve İkonolojik Olarak İncelenmesi. Journal of Mosaic Research. 2025(18):225-49.

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