Araştırma Makalesi
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Parthicopolis’in Mozaik Döşemelerinin Tesserae Kökeni Üzerine (4.- 6. Yüzyıl). Yerel Ocaklar, Yataklar ve İthalat (2 Numaralı Bazilika’dan Bazı Mozaik Tesseralar için Ön Rapor)

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 15, 397 - 412, 09.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143757

Öz

Bu makalede, Parthicopolis’teki (bugünkü Sandanski Kasabası) 2 numaralı erken Hristiyan bazilikasının eksonarteksinin mozaik panelindeki birkaç mozaik tessera incelenmektedir.
İncelenen mozaik tesseralar cam, tuğla ve taş - mermer ve kumtaşından yapılmıştır. Analizden sonra, ki bu analizde mikro ve makroskopik yöntemler uygulanmıştır: EDS; Mineral fazların XRD analizi ve diğerleri yapılmıştır. Smalta tessera için camın bileşimi ve olası üretimi belirlenmiştir, ve tuğla tessera’nın bileşiminin, beyaz mermer tessera, kumtaşı tessera olmak üzere iki tipte olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Antik çağda ve özellikle erken Bizans döneminde, Orta Strymon bölgesinde çok kaliteli birkaç mermer ocağı işletilmiştir. Taş tesseraların antik ve erken Bizans kenti, Ilindentsi taş ocakları (‘Trajan’ın mermer ocakları’) çevresindeki yataklardan çıkarıldığı ve camın ithal edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Şehirde bir tür cam tesseranın bir dereceye kadar kristalleşme ile üretildiği olasılığı üzerine bir varsayım yapılmıştır. Tesseraların kimyasal ve yapısal analizi, malzemenin, taş ve camın kökenini ortaya koymaktadır; ikincisi, Selanik tüccarları tarafından ithal olarak dağıtılan ve yerel atölyelerde yalnızca son ısıtma, kesme ve cilalama aşamalarından geçen bitmiş bir ürün biçimindedir. Parthicopolis’teki erken Hristiyan bazilika komplekslerindeki mozaik panellerdeki tesseraların kökenine ilişkin araştırmalar henüz başlangıç aşamasında olmasına rağmen, araştırmalar tessera malzemelerinin kökenini kanıtlamaktadır. Ağırlıklı olarak yerel taş malzeme ile mozaik atölyelerinin temini ve mine mozaik için ithal cam ticareti ve Particopolis’te yerinde hazırlığının son aşamasıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Arletti et al. 2006 R. Arletti - S. Quartieri - G. Vezzalini, “Glass mosaic tesserae from Pompeii: an archeometrical investigation”, Periodico di Mineralogia 75, 2-3, 25-38.
  • Asamer - Zimmermann 1998 B. Assamer -B. Zimmermann, “Die Mosaiken der frühchristlichen Kirche bei Mikrevo/Sandanski”, MiChA 4, 31-44.
  • Georgieva et al. 2003 R. Georgieva - E. Kashchieva - Y. Kolchakov - Y. Dimitriev - B. Samuneva, “Thermal properties and microstructure of Roman fl atwindow glass found in Bulgaria”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 323, 143–146.
  • Ivanov et al. 1969 T. Ivanov - D. Serafimova - N. Nikolov, “Razkopki v Sandanski prez 1960 g.”, Izvestia na arheologicheskia Institut, BAN, XXXI, 109-205.
  • Kantareva-Decheva - Decheva 2018 E. Kantareva-Decheva - R. Decheva, “Tehniko-tehnologichno prouchvane na podovi mosaiki ot Episkopskata basilika na Filipopol”, Proletni nauchni chetenia 2018 na Akademia za Musikalno, Tantsovo i Izobrazitelno Izkustvo, prof. Asen Diamandiev, Plovdiv, 230-240.
  • Marinova - Zagorchev 1990 R. Marinova - I. Zagorchev, Geolozhka karta na Bulgaria v М 1:100 000, Geofond PGP i GK.
  • Marinova - Zagorchev 1993 R. Marinova - I. Zagorchev, Obiasnitelna zapiska kam geolozhkata karta na Bulgaria v М 1:100 000, Geofond PGP i GK.
  • Palomar et al. 2011 T. Palomar - M. García-Heras - C. Saiz-Jiménez - C. Márquez - M. A. Villegas, “Pathologies and analytical study of mosaic materials from Carmona and Italica”, Materiales de Construcción 61, 304, 629-636.
  • Petrov 1994 B. Petrov, Estestveni dekorativnooblicovuchni skali v Bulgaria, Sofia.
  • Petrova 2012 S. Petrova, “On Early Christianity and Early Christian Basilicas of Parthicopolis”, StOrCr 16, 1, 93-139.
  • Petrova 2015 S. Petrova, “The Early Christian Basilicas in the Urban Planning of Parthicopolis”, Niš and Byzantium XIII, 161-184.
  • Petrova 2017 S. Petrova, “Quarries and Workshops in the Territory of Parthicopolis (1st – 6th c. AD)”, Sandanski and its territory during prehistory, antiquity and middle ages, current trends in archaeological research. Proceedings of an International Conference at Sandanski, vol. III, 152-169.
  • Petrova 2018, S. Petrova, “The semicircular piazza of Parthicopolis in the development of the Late Antique city planning”, Niš and Byzantium, XVI, 103-120.
  • Petrova - Petkov 2015 S. Petrova -V. Petkov, “ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ/ΠΑΡΘΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ (Paroicopolis/Parthicopolis – Ancient and Early Byzantine City)”, Thracian, Greek, Roman and medieval cities, residences and fortresses in Bulgaria, Sofia, 341-492.
  • Petrova, Petrov 2008 S. Petrova - P. Petrov, “Decoratve Architectural Details in the Basilica N4 at the Town of Sandanski (Ancient Parthicopolis), South-West Bulgaria”, R. I. Kostov - B. Gaydarska - M. Gurova (eds.), Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy, Proceedings of the International Conference, Sofia, 120-122.
  • Pillinger 2006 R. Pillinger, “Die Stifterinschrift des in Sandanski Johannes (Bulgarien) und ihr monumentales Umfeld”, MiChA 12, 56-72.
  • Pillinger et al. 2016 R. Pillinger – A. Lirsch – V. Popova (Hg.), Corpus der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Wien.
  • Popova 1981 V. Popova, “The Pavement Mosaics of Bishop Ioannes’Basilica in Sandanski”, Spartacus, Simposium rebus Spartaci gestis dedicatum 2050 a. Sofia, 173-181.
  • Popova 2017 V. Popova, “Late Antique Glass Workshop in Parthicopolis”, Sandanski and its territory during prehistory, antiquity and middle ages, current trends in archaeological research. Proceedings of an International Conference at Sandanski, vol. III, 267-284.

On the Provenance of the Tesserae in the Mosaic Pavements of Parthicopolis (4th - 6th c.). Local Quarries, Deposits and Import (Preliminary Report for Some Mosaic Tesserae from Basilica No 2)

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 15, 397 - 412, 09.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143757

Öz

This article examines several mosaic tesserae from the mosaic panel of the exonarthex of the early Christian basilica No 2 in Parthicopolis (today’s town of Sandanski).
The studied mosaic tesserae are made of glass, brick and stone - marble and sandstone. After the analysis: micro- and macroscopic, method applied: EDS; XRD analysis of the mineral phases and others. The composition and possible production of glass for the smalta tesserae has been established, the composition of the brick tesserae; of two types of white marble tesserae, of sandstone tesserae has been determined.
In antiquity, and especially in the early Byzantine period, several marble quarries of very good quality were exploited in the Middle Strymon area. It has been established that the stone tesserae were mined from deposits around the ancient and early Byzantine city, quarries Ilindentsi (‘The marble quarries of Trajan’), and the glass is imported. An assumption has been made about the possible production on site in the city of a type of glass tesserae - with a degree of crystallization. The chemical and structural analysis of the tesserae reveals the origin of the material, stone and glass, the latter in the form of a finished product distributed as an import by Thessaloniki merchants and undergoing only the final stage of heating, cutting and polishing in local workshops. Although research on the origin of tesserae from mosaic panels from the early Christian basilica complexes in Parthicopolis is only in the beginning, research proves the origin of tesserae materials, the supply of mosaic workshops mainly with local stone material, and trade in imported glass for enamel mosaic and its final stage of in situ preparation in Particopolis.

Kaynakça

  • Arletti et al. 2006 R. Arletti - S. Quartieri - G. Vezzalini, “Glass mosaic tesserae from Pompeii: an archeometrical investigation”, Periodico di Mineralogia 75, 2-3, 25-38.
  • Asamer - Zimmermann 1998 B. Assamer -B. Zimmermann, “Die Mosaiken der frühchristlichen Kirche bei Mikrevo/Sandanski”, MiChA 4, 31-44.
  • Georgieva et al. 2003 R. Georgieva - E. Kashchieva - Y. Kolchakov - Y. Dimitriev - B. Samuneva, “Thermal properties and microstructure of Roman fl atwindow glass found in Bulgaria”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 323, 143–146.
  • Ivanov et al. 1969 T. Ivanov - D. Serafimova - N. Nikolov, “Razkopki v Sandanski prez 1960 g.”, Izvestia na arheologicheskia Institut, BAN, XXXI, 109-205.
  • Kantareva-Decheva - Decheva 2018 E. Kantareva-Decheva - R. Decheva, “Tehniko-tehnologichno prouchvane na podovi mosaiki ot Episkopskata basilika na Filipopol”, Proletni nauchni chetenia 2018 na Akademia za Musikalno, Tantsovo i Izobrazitelno Izkustvo, prof. Asen Diamandiev, Plovdiv, 230-240.
  • Marinova - Zagorchev 1990 R. Marinova - I. Zagorchev, Geolozhka karta na Bulgaria v М 1:100 000, Geofond PGP i GK.
  • Marinova - Zagorchev 1993 R. Marinova - I. Zagorchev, Obiasnitelna zapiska kam geolozhkata karta na Bulgaria v М 1:100 000, Geofond PGP i GK.
  • Palomar et al. 2011 T. Palomar - M. García-Heras - C. Saiz-Jiménez - C. Márquez - M. A. Villegas, “Pathologies and analytical study of mosaic materials from Carmona and Italica”, Materiales de Construcción 61, 304, 629-636.
  • Petrov 1994 B. Petrov, Estestveni dekorativnooblicovuchni skali v Bulgaria, Sofia.
  • Petrova 2012 S. Petrova, “On Early Christianity and Early Christian Basilicas of Parthicopolis”, StOrCr 16, 1, 93-139.
  • Petrova 2015 S. Petrova, “The Early Christian Basilicas in the Urban Planning of Parthicopolis”, Niš and Byzantium XIII, 161-184.
  • Petrova 2017 S. Petrova, “Quarries and Workshops in the Territory of Parthicopolis (1st – 6th c. AD)”, Sandanski and its territory during prehistory, antiquity and middle ages, current trends in archaeological research. Proceedings of an International Conference at Sandanski, vol. III, 152-169.
  • Petrova 2018, S. Petrova, “The semicircular piazza of Parthicopolis in the development of the Late Antique city planning”, Niš and Byzantium, XVI, 103-120.
  • Petrova - Petkov 2015 S. Petrova -V. Petkov, “ΠΑΡΟΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ/ΠΑΡΘΙΚΟΠΟΛΙΣ (Paroicopolis/Parthicopolis – Ancient and Early Byzantine City)”, Thracian, Greek, Roman and medieval cities, residences and fortresses in Bulgaria, Sofia, 341-492.
  • Petrova, Petrov 2008 S. Petrova - P. Petrov, “Decoratve Architectural Details in the Basilica N4 at the Town of Sandanski (Ancient Parthicopolis), South-West Bulgaria”, R. I. Kostov - B. Gaydarska - M. Gurova (eds.), Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy, Proceedings of the International Conference, Sofia, 120-122.
  • Pillinger 2006 R. Pillinger, “Die Stifterinschrift des in Sandanski Johannes (Bulgarien) und ihr monumentales Umfeld”, MiChA 12, 56-72.
  • Pillinger et al. 2016 R. Pillinger – A. Lirsch – V. Popova (Hg.), Corpus der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Wien.
  • Popova 1981 V. Popova, “The Pavement Mosaics of Bishop Ioannes’Basilica in Sandanski”, Spartacus, Simposium rebus Spartaci gestis dedicatum 2050 a. Sofia, 173-181.
  • Popova 2017 V. Popova, “Late Antique Glass Workshop in Parthicopolis”, Sandanski and its territory during prehistory, antiquity and middle ages, current trends in archaeological research. Proceedings of an International Conference at Sandanski, vol. III, 267-284.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Makele
Yazarlar

Svetla Petrova Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7815-9754

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 15

Kaynak Göster

APA Petrova, S. (2022). On the Provenance of the Tesserae in the Mosaic Pavements of Parthicopolis (4th - 6th c.). Local Quarries, Deposits and Import (Preliminary Report for Some Mosaic Tesserae from Basilica No 2). Journal of Mosaic Research(15), 397-412. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143757
AMA Petrova S. On the Provenance of the Tesserae in the Mosaic Pavements of Parthicopolis (4th - 6th c.). Local Quarries, Deposits and Import (Preliminary Report for Some Mosaic Tesserae from Basilica No 2). JMR. Kasım 2022;(15):397-412. doi:10.26658/jmr.1143757
Chicago Petrova, Svetla. “On the Provenance of the Tesserae in the Mosaic Pavements of Parthicopolis (4th - 6th c.). Local Quarries, Deposits and Import (Preliminary Report for Some Mosaic Tesserae from Basilica No 2)”. Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 15 (Kasım 2022): 397-412. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143757.
EndNote Petrova S (01 Kasım 2022) On the Provenance of the Tesserae in the Mosaic Pavements of Parthicopolis (4th - 6th c.). Local Quarries, Deposits and Import (Preliminary Report for Some Mosaic Tesserae from Basilica No 2). Journal of Mosaic Research 15 397–412.
IEEE S. Petrova, “On the Provenance of the Tesserae in the Mosaic Pavements of Parthicopolis (4th - 6th c.). Local Quarries, Deposits and Import (Preliminary Report for Some Mosaic Tesserae from Basilica No 2)”, JMR, sy. 15, ss. 397–412, Kasım 2022, doi: 10.26658/jmr.1143757.
ISNAD Petrova, Svetla. “On the Provenance of the Tesserae in the Mosaic Pavements of Parthicopolis (4th - 6th c.). Local Quarries, Deposits and Import (Preliminary Report for Some Mosaic Tesserae from Basilica No 2)”. Journal of Mosaic Research 15 (Kasım 2022), 397-412. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143757.
JAMA Petrova S. On the Provenance of the Tesserae in the Mosaic Pavements of Parthicopolis (4th - 6th c.). Local Quarries, Deposits and Import (Preliminary Report for Some Mosaic Tesserae from Basilica No 2). JMR. 2022;:397–412.
MLA Petrova, Svetla. “On the Provenance of the Tesserae in the Mosaic Pavements of Parthicopolis (4th - 6th c.). Local Quarries, Deposits and Import (Preliminary Report for Some Mosaic Tesserae from Basilica No 2)”. Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 15, 2022, ss. 397-12, doi:10.26658/jmr.1143757.
Vancouver Petrova S. On the Provenance of the Tesserae in the Mosaic Pavements of Parthicopolis (4th - 6th c.). Local Quarries, Deposits and Import (Preliminary Report for Some Mosaic Tesserae from Basilica No 2). JMR. 2022(15):397-412.

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