Çardak Lagünü’nde (Çanakkale, Türkiye) Liocarcinus depurator (Linnaeus, 1758)’un Kan Parametreleri ile Çevresel Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişkisi
Yıl 2023,
, 116 - 123, 27.12.2023
Hasan Ali Küçükballı
Öz
Bu çalışmada, portunid yengeç Liocarcinus depurator ‘un kan değişkenleri üzerine sıcaklık, tuzluluk, pH ve doymuş oksijen gibi çevresel değişkenlerin etkileri belirlenmiştir. Çardak Lagünü'nde 4 farklı dönemde; Şubat 2020, Mayıs 2020, Temmuz 2020 ve Kasım 2020’ de toplam 50 yengeç bireyi toplanmıştır. Yengeçlere ilk olarak buzda 10 dk anestezi uygulandı ve 1mL’lik plastik bir şırınga kullanılarak her bir yengeçten yürüme bacakların koksalarından 500 μL kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Toplanan hemolenfler daha sonra santrifüj edilerek ELISA (enzime bağlı immünosorbent testi) analizi yapılmıştır. Mevsimsel değişkenlerin kan değişkenleri üzerindeki etkisi Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sıcaklık ile albümin (ALB) arasında negatif bir ilişki bulunurken, doymuş oksijen ile glukoz (GLU) ve kolesterol (CHOL) arasında negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. pH ile CHOL arasındaki ilişki de negatifti.
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışma için etik kurul iznine gerek yoktur.
Destekleyen Kurum
Çalışma herhangi bir Kurum/Kuruluş tarafından desteklenmemiştir.
Teşekkür
Yazar, bu çalışmada yengeç bireylerinin toplanmasındaki yardımları dolayısıyla Çardak Lagünü balıkçılarından Sayın Hasan Şenses TÜLÜMEN’e, laboratuvar analizlerindeki destekleri için Sayın Sevdan YILMAZ ve Sayın Seçil ACAR’a teşekkür eder.
Kaynakça
- Adeogun, A. O., Salami, O. A., Chukwuka, A. V., & Alaka, O. O. (2015). Haematological and serum biochemical profile of the blue crab, Callinectes amnicola from two tropical lagoon ecosystems. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 18(3), 233-247.
- Adeogun, A. O. (2011). Haematological profiles of the African Clariid Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to sublethal concentrations of the methanolic extracts of Raphia hookeri. Tropical Veterinarian, 29(4), 27-43.
- Ansari, Z. A., Sreepada, R. A., Dalal, S. G., Ingole, B. S., & Chatterji, A. (2003). Environmental influences on the trawl catches in a bay-estuarine system of Goa, west coast of India. Estuarine, coastal and shelf science, 56(3-4), 503-515.
- Bergmann, M., & Moore, P.G. (2001). Survival of decapod crustaceans discarded in the Nephrops fishery of the Clyde Sea area, Scotland. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58, 163–171. doi:10.1006/jmsc.2000.0999
- Burnett, L. E., & Stickle. W. B. (2001). Physiological responses to hypoxia, Pages 101-114 in Nancy N. Rabalais and R. Eugene Turner (eds.), Coastal Hypoxia: Consequences for Living Resources and Ecosystems. Coastal and Estuarine Studies 58, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.
- Chapelle, S., Chantrine J.M., & Pe´queux A. (1982). Gill phospholipids of mitochondria in euryhaline crustaceans as related to changes in environmental salinity. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 10(1), 65-70.
- Chapelle S., & Zwingelstein G. (1984). Phospholipid composition and metabolism of crustacean gills as related to changes in environmental salinities: relationship between Na,K-ATPase activity and phospholipids. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 78, 363–372.
- Cheng, W., & Chen, J. C. (1998). Isolation and characterization of Enterococcus-like bacterium causing muscle necrosis and mortality with Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Taiwan. Disease of Aquatic Organisms, 34, 93–101.
Cyrus, D. P., & Blaber, S. J. (1992). Turbidity and salinity in a tropical northern Australian estuary and their influence on fish distribution. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 35(6), 545-563.
- Da Silava R. S. M., & Kucharski L. C. R. (1992). Effect of hyposmotic stress on the carbohydrate metabolism of crabs maintained on high protein or carbohydrate-rich diet. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 101(3), 631–634.
- Dean, J. M., & Vernberg, F. J. (1965). Effects of temperature acclimation on some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in decapod Crustacea. The Biological Bulletin, 129(1), 87-94.
- Fragkiadakis, G., A., (2000). Isolation of lectins from hemolymph of decapod crustaceans by adsorption on formalinized erythrocytes. Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Methods 44, 109–114. PII: S0165-022X(00)00089-0.
- Gattuso, J. P., & Hansson, L. (Eds.). (2011). Ocean acidification. Oxford University Press, USA.
- Giomi, F., Raicevich, S., Giovanardi, O., Pranovi, F., Di Muro, P., & Beltramini, M. (2008). Catch me in winter! Seasonal variation in air temperature severely enhances physiological stress and mortality of species subjected to sorting operations and discarded during annual fishing activities. Hydrobiologia, 606, 195–202. doi: 10.1007/s10750-008-9336-x
- Helland, S., Nejstgaard, J.C., Fyhn, H.J., Egge, J.K., & Bamstedt, U. (2003). Effects of starvation, season, and diet on the free amino acid and protein content of Calanus finmarchicus females. Marine Biology, 143, 297–306.
Healy, B., Oliver, G. A., Hatch, P., & Good, J. A. (1997). Coastal lagoons in the Republic of Ireland. Volume 2 Inventory of lagoons and saline lakes. National Parks and Wildlife Service.
- Huntingford, F. A., Taylor, A. C., Smith, I. P., & Thorpe, K. E. (1995). Behavioural and physiological studies of aggression in swimming crabs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 193, 21–39.
- Hu, M., Wang, Y., Tsang, S, T., Cheung, S, G., & Shin, P, K, S. (2010). Effect of prolonged starvation on body weight and blood-chemistry in two horseshoe crab species: Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Chelicerata: Xiphosura). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 395, 112–119. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.023
- Komatsu, M., & Ando, S. (1992). Isolation of crustacean egg yolk lipoproteins by differential density gradient ultracentrifugation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B, 103, 363–368.
- Kutz S.J., Hoberg E.P., Nagy J., Polley L., & Elkin B. (2004). Emerging parasitic infections in arctic ungulates. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 44, 109–118.
- Li, Y., Wei, L., Cao, J., Qiu, L., Jiang, X., Li, P., ... & Diao, X. (2016). Oxidative stress, DNA damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in the pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) when exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Chemosphere, 144, 234-240.
- Matozzo, V., Gallo, C., & Marin, G., M. (2011). Effects of temperature on cellular and biochemical parameters in the crab Carcinus aestuarii (Crustacea, Decapoda). Marine Environmental Research, 71, 351-356.
- Mattiello, S., Raicevich, S., Giomi, F., Botter, L., Di Muro, P., Pranovi, F., & Beltramini, M., (2004). Resistance to stress and Hc functional modulation in Liocarcinus sp. Micron 35(1-2), 55–57. doi:10.1016/j.micron.2003.10.018.
- Muthu, M.S., & Laxminarayana, A. (1977). Induced maturation and spawning of Indian penaeid prawns. Indian Journal of Fisheries 24(1&2), 172-180.
- Ocampo, L., Patiño, D., & Ramı́rez, C. (2003). Effect of temperature on hemolymph lactate and glucose concentrations in spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus during progressive hypoxia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 296(1), 71-77.
- Ochang S.N, Fagbenro O.A., & Adebayo O.T. (2007). Growth performance, Body composition, haematology and Product quality of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets with Palm oil. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6, 452-459.
- Paschke, K., Cumillaf, J. P., Loyola, S., Gebauer, P., Urbina, M., Chimal, M. E., ... & Rosas, C. (2010). Effect of dissolved oxygen level on respiratory metabolism, nutritional physiology, and immune condition of southern king crab Lithodes santolla (Molina, 1782)(Decapoda, Lithodidae). Marine biology, 157, 7-18.
- Petri D., Glover C.N., Ylving S., Kolas K., Fremmersvik G., Waagbo R., & Berntssen M.H.G., (2006). Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to dietary endosulfan as assessed by haematology, blood biochemistry, and growth parameters. Aquatic Toxicology, 80, 207-216.
- Powell, A., & Rowley, A. F. (2008). Tissue changes in the shore crab Carcinus maenas as a result of infection by the parasitic barnacle Sacculina carcini. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 80(1), 75-79.
- Rewitz, K., Styrishave, B., Depledge, M. H., & Andersen, O. (2004). Spatial and temporal distribution of shore crabs Carcinus maenas in a small tidal estuary (Looe Estuary, Cornwall, England). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 24(1), 178-187.
- Sanchez-Paz, A., Garcia-Carreño, F., Hernández-López, J., Muhlia-Almazán, A., & YepizPlascencia, G. (2007). Effect of short-term starvation on hepatopancreas and plasmaenergy reserves of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 340, 184–193.
- Santos E. A., & Nery L. E. M. (1987). Blood glucose regulation in an estuarine crab, Chasmagnathus granulata (Dana, 1851) exposed to different salinities. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 87(4), 1033-1035.
- Santos, R. L., Lee, J. T., Pereıra, Z., Branco, P., Bıanchını, A., & Nery, L. E. M., (2003). Lipids as Energy Source During Salinity Acclimation in the Euryhaline Crab Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851 (Crustacea-Grapsidae). Journal Of Experimental Zoology, 295A, 200–205.
- Spaargaren D.H., & Haefner A. (1987). The effect of environmental osmotic conditions on the blood and tissue glucose levels in the brown shrimp, Crangon crangon (L.). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 87(4), 1045-1050.
- Smith, V. J., & SöDerhäL, K. (1983). β-l, 3 glucan activation of crustacean hemocytes in vitro and in vivo. Biology Bulletin, 164, 299-314.
- Thi Hoang Oanh, D., Nguyen Anh Thu, M., Chi Nguyen, N., & Phu, T. Q. (2023). Susceptibility of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain VP36 at different salinities. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 1-15.
- Velisek, J., Svobodova, Z., Piackova, V., & Sudova, E. (2009). Effects of acute exposure to metribuzin on some hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 82, 492–495.
- Vinagre, A., S., Amaral, A., P., N., Ribarcki, F., P., Silveira, E., F., & Périco, E. (2007). Seasonal variation of energy metabolism in ghost crab Ocypode quadrata at Siriú Beach (Brazil). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 146, 514–519.
- Wu, F., Wang, T., Cui, S., Xie, Z., Dupont, S., Zeng, J., Gua, H., Konga, H., Hu, M., Lu,W., & Wang, Y., (2017). Effects of seawater pH and temperature on foraging behavior of the Japanese stone crab Charybdis japonica. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 120, 99–108.
- Yahia, N. H. B., & Selmi, S. (2019). Biomarker responses to pollution in the Mediterranean green crab Carcinus eastuarii living in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia). Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 10(1), 45-53.
- Zwingelstein G, Bodennec J, Brichon G, Abdul-Malak N, Chapelle S, & El Balili M. (1998). Formation of phospholipid nitrogenous bases in euryhaline fish and crustaceans. I. Effects of salinity and temperature on synthesis of phosphatidylserine and its decarboxylation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 120(3), 467-473.
The Relationships Between Blood Parameters of Liocarcinus depurator (Linnaeus, 1758) and Environmental Conditions in Çardak Lagoon (Çanakkale, Türkiye)
Yıl 2023,
, 116 - 123, 27.12.2023
Hasan Ali Küçükballı
Öz
In this study, the effects of environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, pH, and oxygen on blood variables of the portinid crab, Liocarcinus depurator, were determined. A total of 50 crabs were collected in Çardak Lagoon in 4 different periods; February, May, July, and November 2020. Crabs were first anesthetized on ice for 10 minutes and a 500 μL blood sample from each crab was collected from the coxae of the walking legs, using a 1 mL plastic syringe. The collected hemolymphs were then centrifuged and ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) analysis was performed. The effects of seasonal variables on blood variables were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation analysis. A negative relationship was found between temperature and ALB (albumin), while a negative relationship was found between saturated oxygen and GLU (glucose) and CHOL (cholesterol). The relationship between pH and CHOL was also negative.
Etik Beyan
Ethics committee approval is not required for this study.
Destekleyen Kurum
The study was not supported by any Institution/organization.
Teşekkür
The author would like to thank Mr. Hasan Şenses TÜLÜMEN, one of the fishermen of Çardak Lagoon, for their help in collecting crab individuals in this study, and Mr. Sevdan YILMAZ and Mr. Seçil ACAR for their support in laboratory analysis.
Kaynakça
- Adeogun, A. O., Salami, O. A., Chukwuka, A. V., & Alaka, O. O. (2015). Haematological and serum biochemical profile of the blue crab, Callinectes amnicola from two tropical lagoon ecosystems. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 18(3), 233-247.
- Adeogun, A. O. (2011). Haematological profiles of the African Clariid Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to sublethal concentrations of the methanolic extracts of Raphia hookeri. Tropical Veterinarian, 29(4), 27-43.
- Ansari, Z. A., Sreepada, R. A., Dalal, S. G., Ingole, B. S., & Chatterji, A. (2003). Environmental influences on the trawl catches in a bay-estuarine system of Goa, west coast of India. Estuarine, coastal and shelf science, 56(3-4), 503-515.
- Bergmann, M., & Moore, P.G. (2001). Survival of decapod crustaceans discarded in the Nephrops fishery of the Clyde Sea area, Scotland. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58, 163–171. doi:10.1006/jmsc.2000.0999
- Burnett, L. E., & Stickle. W. B. (2001). Physiological responses to hypoxia, Pages 101-114 in Nancy N. Rabalais and R. Eugene Turner (eds.), Coastal Hypoxia: Consequences for Living Resources and Ecosystems. Coastal and Estuarine Studies 58, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.
- Chapelle, S., Chantrine J.M., & Pe´queux A. (1982). Gill phospholipids of mitochondria in euryhaline crustaceans as related to changes in environmental salinity. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 10(1), 65-70.
- Chapelle S., & Zwingelstein G. (1984). Phospholipid composition and metabolism of crustacean gills as related to changes in environmental salinities: relationship between Na,K-ATPase activity and phospholipids. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 78, 363–372.
- Cheng, W., & Chen, J. C. (1998). Isolation and characterization of Enterococcus-like bacterium causing muscle necrosis and mortality with Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Taiwan. Disease of Aquatic Organisms, 34, 93–101.
Cyrus, D. P., & Blaber, S. J. (1992). Turbidity and salinity in a tropical northern Australian estuary and their influence on fish distribution. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 35(6), 545-563.
- Da Silava R. S. M., & Kucharski L. C. R. (1992). Effect of hyposmotic stress on the carbohydrate metabolism of crabs maintained on high protein or carbohydrate-rich diet. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 101(3), 631–634.
- Dean, J. M., & Vernberg, F. J. (1965). Effects of temperature acclimation on some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in decapod Crustacea. The Biological Bulletin, 129(1), 87-94.
- Fragkiadakis, G., A., (2000). Isolation of lectins from hemolymph of decapod crustaceans by adsorption on formalinized erythrocytes. Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Methods 44, 109–114. PII: S0165-022X(00)00089-0.
- Gattuso, J. P., & Hansson, L. (Eds.). (2011). Ocean acidification. Oxford University Press, USA.
- Giomi, F., Raicevich, S., Giovanardi, O., Pranovi, F., Di Muro, P., & Beltramini, M. (2008). Catch me in winter! Seasonal variation in air temperature severely enhances physiological stress and mortality of species subjected to sorting operations and discarded during annual fishing activities. Hydrobiologia, 606, 195–202. doi: 10.1007/s10750-008-9336-x
- Helland, S., Nejstgaard, J.C., Fyhn, H.J., Egge, J.K., & Bamstedt, U. (2003). Effects of starvation, season, and diet on the free amino acid and protein content of Calanus finmarchicus females. Marine Biology, 143, 297–306.
Healy, B., Oliver, G. A., Hatch, P., & Good, J. A. (1997). Coastal lagoons in the Republic of Ireland. Volume 2 Inventory of lagoons and saline lakes. National Parks and Wildlife Service.
- Huntingford, F. A., Taylor, A. C., Smith, I. P., & Thorpe, K. E. (1995). Behavioural and physiological studies of aggression in swimming crabs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 193, 21–39.
- Hu, M., Wang, Y., Tsang, S, T., Cheung, S, G., & Shin, P, K, S. (2010). Effect of prolonged starvation on body weight and blood-chemistry in two horseshoe crab species: Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Chelicerata: Xiphosura). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 395, 112–119. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.023
- Komatsu, M., & Ando, S. (1992). Isolation of crustacean egg yolk lipoproteins by differential density gradient ultracentrifugation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B, 103, 363–368.
- Kutz S.J., Hoberg E.P., Nagy J., Polley L., & Elkin B. (2004). Emerging parasitic infections in arctic ungulates. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 44, 109–118.
- Li, Y., Wei, L., Cao, J., Qiu, L., Jiang, X., Li, P., ... & Diao, X. (2016). Oxidative stress, DNA damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in the pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) when exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Chemosphere, 144, 234-240.
- Matozzo, V., Gallo, C., & Marin, G., M. (2011). Effects of temperature on cellular and biochemical parameters in the crab Carcinus aestuarii (Crustacea, Decapoda). Marine Environmental Research, 71, 351-356.
- Mattiello, S., Raicevich, S., Giomi, F., Botter, L., Di Muro, P., Pranovi, F., & Beltramini, M., (2004). Resistance to stress and Hc functional modulation in Liocarcinus sp. Micron 35(1-2), 55–57. doi:10.1016/j.micron.2003.10.018.
- Muthu, M.S., & Laxminarayana, A. (1977). Induced maturation and spawning of Indian penaeid prawns. Indian Journal of Fisheries 24(1&2), 172-180.
- Ocampo, L., Patiño, D., & Ramı́rez, C. (2003). Effect of temperature on hemolymph lactate and glucose concentrations in spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus during progressive hypoxia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 296(1), 71-77.
- Ochang S.N, Fagbenro O.A., & Adebayo O.T. (2007). Growth performance, Body composition, haematology and Product quality of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets with Palm oil. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6, 452-459.
- Paschke, K., Cumillaf, J. P., Loyola, S., Gebauer, P., Urbina, M., Chimal, M. E., ... & Rosas, C. (2010). Effect of dissolved oxygen level on respiratory metabolism, nutritional physiology, and immune condition of southern king crab Lithodes santolla (Molina, 1782)(Decapoda, Lithodidae). Marine biology, 157, 7-18.
- Petri D., Glover C.N., Ylving S., Kolas K., Fremmersvik G., Waagbo R., & Berntssen M.H.G., (2006). Sensitivity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to dietary endosulfan as assessed by haematology, blood biochemistry, and growth parameters. Aquatic Toxicology, 80, 207-216.
- Powell, A., & Rowley, A. F. (2008). Tissue changes in the shore crab Carcinus maenas as a result of infection by the parasitic barnacle Sacculina carcini. Diseases of aquatic organisms, 80(1), 75-79.
- Rewitz, K., Styrishave, B., Depledge, M. H., & Andersen, O. (2004). Spatial and temporal distribution of shore crabs Carcinus maenas in a small tidal estuary (Looe Estuary, Cornwall, England). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 24(1), 178-187.
- Sanchez-Paz, A., Garcia-Carreño, F., Hernández-López, J., Muhlia-Almazán, A., & YepizPlascencia, G. (2007). Effect of short-term starvation on hepatopancreas and plasmaenergy reserves of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 340, 184–193.
- Santos E. A., & Nery L. E. M. (1987). Blood glucose regulation in an estuarine crab, Chasmagnathus granulata (Dana, 1851) exposed to different salinities. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 87(4), 1033-1035.
- Santos, R. L., Lee, J. T., Pereıra, Z., Branco, P., Bıanchını, A., & Nery, L. E. M., (2003). Lipids as Energy Source During Salinity Acclimation in the Euryhaline Crab Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851 (Crustacea-Grapsidae). Journal Of Experimental Zoology, 295A, 200–205.
- Spaargaren D.H., & Haefner A. (1987). The effect of environmental osmotic conditions on the blood and tissue glucose levels in the brown shrimp, Crangon crangon (L.). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 87(4), 1045-1050.
- Smith, V. J., & SöDerhäL, K. (1983). β-l, 3 glucan activation of crustacean hemocytes in vitro and in vivo. Biology Bulletin, 164, 299-314.
- Thi Hoang Oanh, D., Nguyen Anh Thu, M., Chi Nguyen, N., & Phu, T. Q. (2023). Susceptibility of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain VP36 at different salinities. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 1-15.
- Velisek, J., Svobodova, Z., Piackova, V., & Sudova, E. (2009). Effects of acute exposure to metribuzin on some hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 82, 492–495.
- Vinagre, A., S., Amaral, A., P., N., Ribarcki, F., P., Silveira, E., F., & Périco, E. (2007). Seasonal variation of energy metabolism in ghost crab Ocypode quadrata at Siriú Beach (Brazil). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A, 146, 514–519.
- Wu, F., Wang, T., Cui, S., Xie, Z., Dupont, S., Zeng, J., Gua, H., Konga, H., Hu, M., Lu,W., & Wang, Y., (2017). Effects of seawater pH and temperature on foraging behavior of the Japanese stone crab Charybdis japonica. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 120, 99–108.
- Yahia, N. H. B., & Selmi, S. (2019). Biomarker responses to pollution in the Mediterranean green crab Carcinus eastuarii living in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia). Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 10(1), 45-53.
- Zwingelstein G, Bodennec J, Brichon G, Abdul-Malak N, Chapelle S, & El Balili M. (1998). Formation of phospholipid nitrogenous bases in euryhaline fish and crustaceans. I. Effects of salinity and temperature on synthesis of phosphatidylserine and its decarboxylation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 120(3), 467-473.