Acoustic estimates of leaf height and biomass of Posidonia oceanica meadow in Gulf of Antalya, the eastern Mediterranean

Yıl 2020, , 79 - 94, 21.12.2020

Cansu Olguner Erhan Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.794153

Cited By: 8

Öz

Vegetation cover on the sea floor plays an important role in marine health, and sonar systems can provide detailed observation and evaluation of sea floor vegetation under rapidly changing environmental conditions. Various acoustic techniques are available for this purpose. In this study, a split beam echo sounder operating at a frequency of 206 kHz was employed. Simultaneous dive expeditions were performed for direct acoustic observations. The aim of this study was to use the BioSonics EcoSAV software program to generate acoustic estimates of leaf height and create seasonal distribution maps in Posidonia oceanica meadows distributed between Lara and Manavgat in the Gulf of Antalya (Turkey). Calculation of program parameters by species and acoustic identification of P. oceanica were carried out with the aid of the PAST 3.05 (PAleontological STatistics) statistics program, enabling isolation of P. oceanica and other non-target species from the sea floor. The results revealed three major meadow beds in the study area. The maximum leaf height was observed in July (80–90 cm), followed by April/May (70–80 cm), with the shortest leaf height in January (40–50 cm). The biomass of the leaves varied seasonally between 100 and 1000 g/m2 and decreased by the seafloor depth in a year. This method proved effective for mapping and monitoring important seasonal habitat parameters such as the distribution of aquatic vegetation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acoustic identification, meadow, leaf height, biomass, temporal and spatial distribution

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBITAK

Proje Numarası

110Y232

Antalya Körfezi’ndeki Posidonia oceanica Deniz Çayırının Yaprak Boyu ve Biyokütle Miktarının Akustiksel Tahminleri

Öz

Deniz tabanındaki bitkiler deniz sağlığının göstergesi olarak önemli bir rol oynarlar ve sonar sistemleri çevre koşuların ani değişimleri durumundadeniz tabanı bitki örtüsünün ayrıntılı gözlem ve değerlendirmesini sağlayabilir. Bu tür çalışmalar için değişik akustik teknikler mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, 206 kHz frekanslı split beam ekosounder kullanılmıştır. Akustik çalışma esnasında, eşzamanlı dalış seferleri de yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı BioSonics EcoSAV ticari yazılımı kullanarak Antalya Körfezi’nin (Türkiye) Lara-Manavgat arasındaki bölgede bulunan Posidonia oceanica yaprak boyu tahmini yapmak ve mevsimsel dağılım haritasını çıkartmaktır. Program parametrelerinin hesaplanması ve deniz tabanındaki hedef olmayan diğer türlerden P. oceanica’nın ayrılabilmesi ve P. oceanica çayırının akustik olarak tanımlanmasında PAST 3.05 (PAleontological STatistics) istatistik programı, kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta, çalışma alanında 3 büyük deniz çayırı yatağının var olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek yaprak boyu Temmuz ayında ve 80–90 cm olarak, daha kısa yaprak boyu ise Nisan/Mayıs aylarında (70–80 cm) en kısa yaprak boyu ise Ocak ayında (40–50 cm) ölçülmüştür. Yaprak biyokütlesi mevsimsel olarak 100 ve 1000 g/m2 arasında değişmiştir ve deniz tabanı derinliği ile azalmıştır. Bu metodun, sucul bitkilerin dağılımı gibi mevsimsel habitat parametrelerinin haritalanması ve izlenmesinde etkili olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akustik Tanımlama, Deniz Çayırı, Yaprak Boyu, Biyokütle, Alansal ve Zamansal Dağılım

Proje Numarası

110Y232

Kaynakça

• Akçali, B., Bizsel, K.C., Kaboglu, G., Güçlüsoy, H., & Alaçam, Ö. (2008). Foça Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesinde Deniz Çayırları (Posidonia oceanica) İzleme Ön Çalışması. , SBT-2008 12. Sualtı Bilim ve Teknoloji Toplantısı, BORNOVA, Kasım, SBT 08 pp. 69-75.
• Alaçam, Ö., Altay, S., Eren, S., Ergin, M., Gençoğlu, G., Kirbulut, D., & Koban, E. (2007). Küçükkuyu-Assos-Bababurun Bölgesinde Posidonia oceanica (L) Delile Yayılımının İncelenmesi, XI. Sualtı Bilim ve Teknoloji Toplantısı, Koç Üniversitesi, İstanbul., pp. 110-114.
• Augier, H., 1985. L'herbier à Posidonia oceanica, son importance pour le littoral méditerranéen, sa valeur comme indicateur biologique de l'état de santé de la mer, son utilisation dans la surveillance du milieu, les bilans écologiques et les études d'impact. Vie Marine 7, 85-113.
• Balestri, E., & Cinelli, F. (2003). Sexual reproductive success in Posidonia oceanica. Aquatic Botany, 75, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(02)00151-1
• Balestri, E. (2004). Flowering of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in a north-western Mediterranean coastal area: temporal and spatial variations. Marine Biology, 145:61-68. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-004-1301-2
• Bhattacharya, B., Sarkar, S., & Das, R. (2003). Seasonal variations and inherent variability of selenium in marine biota of a tropical wetland ecosystem: implications for bioindicator species. Ecological Indicators, 2, 367-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-160X(03)00006-2
• Bonacorsi, M., Pergent-Martini, C., Breand, N., & Pergent, G. (2013). Is Posidonia oceanica regression a general feature in the Mediterranean Sea? Mediterranean Marine Science, 14, 193-203. DOI: 10.12681/mms.334
• Boudouresque, C.-F., Bernard, G., Pergent, G., Shili, A., & Verlaque, M. (2009). Regression of Mediterranean seagrasses caused by natural processes and anthropogenic disturbances and stress: a critical review. Botanica Marina, 52, 395-418. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2009.057
• Buchet, V., (2015). Impact assessment of invasive flora species in Posidonia oceanica meadows on fish assemblage: an influence on local fisheries? the case study of Lipsi Island, Greece. MsC Thesis. 99 p.
• Celebi, B., Gucu, A., Ok, M., Serdar, S., & Akoglu, E. (2007). Survival of the Posidonia oceanica cuttings transplanted into the north-eastern Levant Sea. Rapp Comm Int Mer Medit 38, 446.
• Ciraolo, G., Ferreri, G.B., & Loggia, G.L. (2006). Flow resistance of Posidonia oceanica in shallow water. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 44, 189-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2006.9521675
• Cirik, Ş., Akçalı, B., & Özalp, H.B. (2006). Çanakkale Boğazı ve Marmara Denizi’nde işaretleme yöntemi ile Posidonia oceanica’nın sınırlarının belirlenmesi, E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 23, 45-48.
• Depew, D.C., Stevens, A.W., Smith, R.E., & Hecky, R.E. (2009). Detection and characterization of benthic filamentous algal stands (Cladophora sp.) on rocky substrata using a high-frequency echosounder. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 7, 693-705. https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2009.7.693
• Di Maida G., Tomasello A., Luzzu F., Scannavino A., Pirrotta M., Orestano C., & Calvo, S. (2011). Discriminating between Posidonia oceanica meadows and sand substratum using multibeam sonar. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 12–19. DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsq130
• Duman, M., Eronat, A.H., İlhan T., Talas E., & Küçüksezgin F. (2019). Mapping Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Meadows in the Eastern Aegean Sea Coastal Areas of Turkey: Evaluation of Habitat Maps Produced Using the Acoustic Ground Discrimination Systems. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 6(1):67-75. DOI:10.30897/ijegeo.544695
• Elliott, J., Fletcher, J., Elliott, J., Cubby, P., & Baroudy, E. (1996). Changes in the population density of pelagic salmonids in relation to changes in lake enrichment in Windermere (northwest England). Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 5, 153-162. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0633.1996.tb00128.x
• Farrell, J.L., Harrison, J.P., Eichler, L.W., Sutherland, J.W., Nierzwicki-Bauer, S.A., & Boylen, C.W. (2013). Identification of Eurasian watermilfoil using hydroacoustics. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 51, 15–21.
• Foden, J., & Brazier, D. (2007). Angiosperms (seagrass) within the EU water framework directive: a UK perspective. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 55, 181-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.08.021
• Gacia, E., & Duarte, C.M. (2001). Sediment retention by a Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica meadow: the balance between deposition and resuspension. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 52, 505-514. DOI: 10.1006/ecss.2000.0753
• George, D., & Winfield, I. (2000). Factors influencing the spatial distribution of zooplankton and fish in Loch Ness, UK. Freshwater Biology, 43, 557-570. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00539.x
• Giakoumi, S., Sini, M., Gerovasileiou, V., Mazor, T., Beher, J., Possingham, H.P., Abdulla, A., Çinar, M.E., Dendrinos, P., Gucu, A.C., Karamanlidis, A.A., Rodic, P., Panayotidis, P., Taskin, E., Jaklin, A., Voultsiadou, E., Webster, C., Zenetos, A., & Katsanevakis, S. (2013). Ecoregion-Based Conservation Planning in the Mediterranean: Dealing with Large-Scale Heterogeneity. PLOS ONE, 8, e76449. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076449
• Holon, F., Boissery, P., Guilbert, A., Freschet, E., & Deter, J. (2015). The impact of 85 years of coastal development on shallow seagrass beds (Posidonia oceanica L. (Delile)) in South Eastern France: A slow but steady loss without recovery. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 165, 204-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.05.017
• IUCN, 2017. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-2. www. iucnredlist.org. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/153534/0. Downloaded on 21 November 2017.
• Komatsu, T., Mikami, A., Sultana, S., Ishida, K., Hiraishi, T., & Tatsukawa, K.-I. (2003). Hydro-acoustic methods as a practical tool for cartography of seagrass beds. Otsuchi Marine Science, 28:72-79.
• Marbà, N., Díaz-Almela, E., & Duarte, C.M. (2014). Mediterranean seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) loss between 1842 and 2009. Biological Conservation, 176, 183-190. DOI:10.1016/J.BIOCON.2014.05.024
• Marín-Guirao, L., Sandoval-Gil, J.M., Bernardeau-Esteller, J., Ruíz, J.M., & Sánchez-Lizaso, J.L. (2013). Responses of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica to hypersaline stress duration and recovery. Marine Environmental Research, 84, 60-75. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.12.001
• McCarthy, E.M., & Sabol, B. (2000). Acoustic characterization of submerged aquatic vegetation: military and environmental monitoring applications, OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition. IEEE, pp. 1957-1961.
• Montefalcone, M. (2009). Ecosystem health assessment using the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica: a review. Ecological Indicators, 9, 595-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.09.013
• Montefalcone, M., Rovere, A., Parravicini, V., Albertelli, G., Morri, C., & Bianchi, C.N. (2013). Evaluating change in seagrass meadows: A time-framed comparison of Side Scan Sonar maps. Aquatic Botany, 104, 204-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2011.05.009
• Mutlu, E., Gökoğlu, M., Özvarol, Y., Balaban, C., & Olguner, T. (2014). Yaygın deniz çayırlarının akustiksel yoğunluk kalibrasyonu ve dağılımlarının takip edilmesi. Final Raporu. TÜBİTAK 110Y232.
• Mutlu, E. & Balaban, C. (2018). New algorithms for the acoustic biomass estimation of Posidonia oceanica: a study ın the Antalya gulf (Turkey), Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(4), 2555- 2561.
• Pasqualini, V., Pergent-Martini, C., Clabaut, P., & Pergent, G. (1998). Mapping of Posidonia oceanica using aerial photographs and side-scan sonar: application of the island of Corsica (France). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 47(3), 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0361
• Pergent-Martini, C., Leoni, V., Pasqualini, V., Ardizzone, G., Balestri, E., Bedini, R., Belluscio, A., Belsher, T., Borg, J., & Boudouresque, C. (2005a). Descriptors of Posidonia oceanica meadows: Use and application. Ecological Indicators, 5, 213-230. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.02.004
• Pergent-Martini, C., Leoni, V., Pasqualini, V., Ardizzone, G.D., Balestri, E., Bedini, R., Belluscio, A., Belsher, T., Borg, J., Boudouresque, C.F., Boumaza, S., Bouquegneau, J.M., Buia, M.C., Calvo, S., Cebrian, J., Charbonnel, E., Cinelli, F., Cossu, A., Maida, G.D., Dural, B., Francour, P., Gobert, S., et al. (2005b). Descriptors of Posidonia oceanica meadows: Use and application. Ecological Indicators, 5, 213-230. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.02.004
• Pergent-Martini, C., & Pergent, G. (2000). Marine phanerogams as a tool in the evaluation of marine trace-metal contamination: an example from the Mediterranean. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 13, 126-147. DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2000.002313
• Prado, P., Alcoverro, T., & Romero, J. (2010). Influence of nutrients in the feeding ecology of seagrass (Posidonia oceanica L.) consumers: a stable isotopes approach. Marine Biology, 157: 715-724. DOI: 10.1007/s00227-009-1355-2
• Sabol, B.M., Burczynski, J., & Hoffman, J. (2002). Advanced digital processing of echo sounder signals for characterization of very dense submersed aquatic vegetation. DTIC Document.
• Sabol, B.M., Kannenberg, J., & Skogerboe, J. (2009). Integrating acoustic mapping into operational aquatic plant management: a case study in Wisconsin. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, 47, 44-52.
• Sánchez-Carnero, N., Rodríguez-Pérez, D., Couñago, E., Aceña, S., & Freire J. (2012). Using vertical Sidescan Sonar as a tool for seagrass cartography. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 115: 334-344. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.09.015
• Schmidt, M., Gassner, H., & Meyer, E. (2005). Distribution and biomass of an underfished vendace, Coregonus albula, population in a mesotrophic German reservoir. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 12, 169-175. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2005.00439.x
• Schneider, P., Burczynski, J., Monteoliva, A., & Valle, A. (2001). Results from submerged aquatic plant assessment using digital echosounder technique. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Joint Session of FTFB and FAST Working Groups, 23-27.
• Spalding, M., Taylor, M., Ravilious, C., Short, F., & Green, E. (2003). The distribution and status of seagrasses. World atlas of seagrasses. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, 5-26.
• Stables, B. (2005). Hydroacoustic Survey of Aquatic Plants In Cultus Lake, Bc Conducted August 16-18, 2004: Mapping of Plant Density & Depth of Canopy Top. Shuksan Fisheries Consulting, Final Report., Everson, WA, USA., p. 19.
• Telesca, L., Belluscio, A., Criscoli, A., Ardizzone, G., Apostolaki, E., Fraschetti, S., Gristina, M., Knittweis, L., Martin, C., & Pergent, G. (2014). Seagrass meadows (Posidonia oceanica) distribution and trajectories of change. Scientific Reports, 5, 12505-12505. DOI: 10.1038/srep12505
• Valley, R.D., Drake, M.T., & Anderson, C.S. (2005). Evaluation of alternative interpolation techniques for the mapping of remotely-sensed submersed vegetation abundance. Aquatic Botany, 81: 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2004.09.002
• Wanzenböck, J., Mehner, T., Schulz, M., Gassner, H., & Winfield, I.J. (2003). Quality assurance of hydroacoustic surveys: the repeatability of fish-abundance and biomass estimates in lakes within and between hydroacoustic systems. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60, 486-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-3139(03)00030-4
• Winfield, I., Onoufriou, C., O’Connell, M., Godlewska, M., Ward, R., Brown, A., & Yallop, M. (2007). Assessment in two shallow lakes of a hydroacoustic system for surveying aquatic macrophytes. Hydrobiologia, 584, 111-119. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-007-0612-y
• Yücel-Gier, G., Koçak, G., Akçalı, B., İlhan, T., & Duman, M. (2020). Evaluation of Posidonia oceanica Map Generated by Sentinel-2 Image: Gülbahçe Bay Test Site. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 20, 571-581. http://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v20_7_07