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Klinik Hemşirelerinin LGBTI Bireyler Hakkındaki Düşünceleri: Türkiye’den Kesitsel Tanımlayıcı Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2024, , 12 - 24, 15.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.1161605

Öz

Giriş: Klinik hemşireleri, hastalarına 24 saat sürekli bakım sağlar ve diğer sağlık profesyonellerine göre hastalarla daha sık etkileşime girer. Bu nedenle klinik hemşirelerinin lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, transgender ve interseks (LGBTİ) bireyler hakkındaki düşünceleri önemlidir.

Amaç: Klinik hemşirelerinin LGBTİ bireyler hakkındaki düşünceleri incelenmiştir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Eylül 2018-Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında Ankara’da bulunan 16 hastanedeki 251 klinik hemşiresi ile yapılmıştır. Basit rastgele örneklem yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, 14 soruluk sosyodemografik bilgi formu ve klinik hemşirelerin LGBTİ bireylere yönelik düşüncelerine ilişkin 21 soruluk anket formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler frekans/sıklık analizi kullanılarak analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Sonuçlar, hemşirelerin %25,9’unun LGBTİ olmayı hastalık, %36,7’sinin doğuştan gelen bir anomali, %43,8’inin psikolojik bir sorun ve %11,2’sinin ahlaki bir zayıflık olarak gördüğünü göstermiştir. Ayrıca hemşirelerin %59,4’ü LGBTİ bireylerin bulaşıcı hastalık bulaştırabileceğini, %47,4’ü fuhuş sektöründe çalışma olasılıklarının daha yüksek olduğunu ve %41,4’ü ise rastgele cinsel ilişkiye girme eğiliminde olan bireyler olarak algıladığını belirtmiştir. Hemşirelerin %47,8’i LGBTİ bireylere yönelik tutumları açısından kendi bilgi/beceri/yetenek düzeylerini orta olarak değerlendirmiştir.

Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız, hemşirelerin önemli bir bölümünün LGBTİ bireyler hakkında yanlış bilgi ve olumsuz düşüncelere sahip olduğunu ortaya koydu. Lisans hemşirelik eğitimi müfredatında LGBTİ bireyler, bu bireylere yönelik damgalama ve ayrımcılık ve hemşirelik bakımının sunumunda duyarlı yaklaşımla ilgili içerikler yer almalıdır. Mezuniyet sonrasında ise hemşireler, LGBTİ bireylere yönelik bakım ve yaklaşım konusunda konsültasyon liyezon psikiyatri hemşireleri tarafından eğitilmeli ve desteklenmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • Banerjee, S. C., Walters, C. B., Staley, J. M., Alexander, K., & Parker, P. A. (2018). Knowledge, Beliefs, and Communication Behavior of Oncology Health-care Providers (HCPs) regarding Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Patient Health care. J Health Commun, 23(4), 329-339. 10.1080/10810730.2018.1443527
  • Bao, A. M., & Swaab, D. F. (2011). Sexual differentiation of the human brain: relation to gender identity, sexual orientation and neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol, 32(2), 214-226. 10.1016/j. yfrne.2011.02.007
  • Beagan, B. L., Fredericks, E., & Goldberg, L. (2012). Nurses' work with LGBTQ patients:“They're just like everybody else, so what's the difference?”. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 44(3), 44-63.
  • Boch, S. (2012). Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors of nursing faculty and students’ about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. The Ohio State University. College of Nursing Honors Theses.
  • Bostanci Dastan, N. (2015). The attitudes of nursing students towards lesbians and gay males in Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract, 21(4), 376-382. 10.1111/ijn.12294
  • Cahill, S., & Makadon, H. (2014). Sexual orientation and gender identity data collection in clinical settings and in electronic health records: A key to ending LGBT health disparities. LGBT Health, 1(1), 34-41. 10.1089/ lgbt.2013.0001
  • Carabez, R., Pellegrini, M., Mankovitz, A., Eliason, M., Ciano, M., & Scott, M. (2015a). “Never in all my years…”: nurses' education about LGBT health. J Prof Nurs, 31(4), 323-329. 10.1016/j.profnurs.2015.01.003
  • Carabez, R., Pellegrini, M., Mankovitz, A., Eliason, M., & Scott, M. (2015b). Does your organization use gender inclusive forms? Nurses' confusion about trans* terminology. J Clin Nurs, 24(21-22), 3306-3317. 10.1111/ jocn.12942
  • Carabez, R. M., Eliason, M. J., & Martinson, M. (2016). Nurses' Knowledge About Transgender Patient Care: A Qualitative Study. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 39(3), 257-271. 10.1097/ANS.0000000000000128
  • Chidiac, C., & Connolly, M. (2016). Considering the impact of stigma on lesbian, gay and bisexual people receiving palliative and end-of-life care. Int J Palliat Nurs, 22(7), 334-340. 10.12968/ijpn.2016.22.7.334
  • Çiçekoğlu Oztürk, P. & Duran S. (2022). Examining Nursing Students' Homophobic Attitudes, Empathic Skills, and Affecting Factors. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, 9(2), 207-215. 10.31125/ hunhemsire.1167331
  • Della Pelle, C., Cerratti, F., Di Giovanni, P., Cipollone, F., & Cicolini, G. (2018). Attitudes Towards and Knowledge About Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patients Among Italian Nurses: An Observational Study. J Nurs Scholarsh, 50(4), 367-374. 10.1111/jnu.12388
  • Dorsen, C., & Van Devanter, N. (2016). Open arms, conflicted hearts: nurse-practitioner's attitudes towards working with lesbian, gay and bisexual patients. J Clin Nurs, 25(23-24), 3716-3727. 10.1111/jocn.13464
  • Eid, W., Biason-Lauber, A. (2016). Why boys will be boys and girls will be girls: Human sex development and its defects. Birth Defects Research Part C, Embryo Today : Review, 108(4), 365-79.
  • Ellis, S. J., Bailey, L., & McNeil, J. (2015). Trans people's experiences of mental health and gender identity services: A UK study. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 19(1), 4-20.
  • Ercan Sahin, N., Aslan, F., & Emiroglu, O. N. (2020). Health status, health behaviours and healthcare access of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations in Turkey. Scand J Caring Sci, 34(1), 239-246. 10.1111/ scs.12759
  • Ferlatte, O., Salway, T., Oliffe, J. L., & Trussler, T. (2017). Stigma and suicide among gay and bisexual men living with HIV. AIDS Care, 29(11), 1346-1350. 10.1080/09540121.2017.1290762
  • Fongkaew, K., Khruataeng, A., Unsathit, S., Khamphiirathasana, M., Jongwisan, N., Arlunaek, O., & Byrne, J. (2019). “Gay Guys are Shit-Lovers” and “Lesbians are Obsessed With Fingers”: The (Mis) Representation of LGBTIQ People in Thai News Media. J Homosex, 66(2), 260-273. 10.1080/00918369.2017.1398026
  • Greene, M. Z., France, K., Kreider, E. F., Wolfe-Roubatis, E., Chen, K. D., Wu, A., & Yehia, B. R. (2018). Comparing medical, dental, and nursing students' preparedness to address lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer health. PloS One, 13(9), e0204104. 10.1371/journal. pone.0204104
  • Hunt, J., Bristowe, K., Chidyamatare, S., & Harding, R. (2017). ‘They will be afraid to touch you’: LGBTI people and sex workers' experiences of accessing healthcare in Zimbabwe—an in-depth qualitative study. BMJ Global Health, 2(2), e000168. 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000168
  • Johnson, M., Smyer, T., & Yucha, C. (2012). Methodological quality of quantitative lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender nursing research from 2000to 2010. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 35(2), 154-165. 10.1097/ ANS.0b013e31825372b9
  • Knight, R. E., Shoveller, J. A., Carson, A. M., & Contreras- Whitney, J. G. (2014). Examining clinicians' experiences providing sexual health services for LGBTQ youth: considering social and structural determinants of health in clinical practice. Health Educ Res, 29(4), 662-670. 10.1093/her/cyt116
  • Kosenko, K., Rintamaki, L., Raney, S., & Maness, K. (2013). Transgender patient perceptions of stigma in health care contexts. Med Care, 51(9), 819-822. 10.1097/ MLR.0b013e31829fa90d
  • Küçükkaya, B., & Kayaoğlu-Süt, H., (2018). Attitude of Nursing School Students towards Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI) Individuals. STED, 27(6), 373-383.
  • Legal, L. (2010). When health care isn't caring: Lambda Legal's Survey of discrimination against LGBT people and people with HIV. https://www.lambdalegal.org/news/ ny_20100204_lambda-releases-health
  • Logie, C. H., Lys, C. L., Dias, L., Schott, N., Zouboules, M. R., MacNeill, N., & Mackay, K. (2019). "Automatic assumption of your gender, sexuality and sexual practices is also discrimination": Exploring sexual healthcare experiences and recommendations among sexually and gender diverse persons in Arctic Canada. Health Soc Care Community, 27(5), 1204-1213. 10.1111/hsc.12757
  • Muller, A. (2016). Health for All? Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and the Implementation of the Right to Access to Health Care in South Africa. Health Hum Rights, 18(2), 195-208.
  • Okpala, P. U., Uwak, R., Nwaneri, A. C., Onyiapat, J.-l., Emesowum, A., Osuala, E. O., & Adeyemo, F. O. (2017). Nurses’ knowledge and attitude to the care of HIV/ AIDS patients in South East, Nigeria. Int J Community Med Public Health, 4(2), 547-553. 10.18203/2394-6040. ijcmph20170289
  • Özbek, Ç. (2017). Publicness of Fight against Discrimination: LGBT, Movement and Being Organized. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, 11(24), 141-165.
  • Özpulat, F., Bulut, F. Y., & Kör, M. (2017). University students' opinions on LGBT individuals. International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences, 1(1), 23-32.
  • Riggs, D. W., & Bartholomaeus, C. (2016). Australian mental health nurses and transgender clients: Attitudes and knowledge. J Res Nurs, 21(3), 212-222. 10.1177/1744987115624483
  • Röndahl, G., Innala, S., & Carlsson, M. (2004a). Nurses’ attitudes towards lesbians and gay men. J Adv Nurs, 47(4), 386-392. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03116.x
  • Röndahl, G., Innala, S., & Carlsson, M. (2004b). Nursing staff and nursing students ‘emotions towards homosexual patients and their wish to refrain from nursing, if the option existed. Scand J Caring Sci, 18(1), 19-26. 10.1111/j.1471- 6712.2004.00263.x
  • Saraswat, A., Weinand, J., & Safer, J. (2015). Evidence supporting the biologic nature of gender identity. Endocr Pract, 21(2), 199-204. 10.4158/EP14351.RA
  • Sasaki, S., Ozaki, K., Yamagata, S., Takahashi, Y., Shikishima, C., Kornacki, T., Nonaka, K., & Ando, J. (2016). Genetic and environmental influences on traits of gender identity disorder: a study of Japanese twins across developmental stages. Arch Sex Behav, 45(7), 1681-1695. 10.1007/s10508-016-0821-4
  • Shetty, G., Sanchez, J. A., Lancaster, J. M., Wilson, L. E., Quinn, G. P., & Schabath, M. B. (2016). Oncology healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors regarding LGBT health. Patient Educ Couns, 99(10), 1676-1684. 10.1016/j.pec.2016.05.004
  • Tar, Y. (2018). Kaos GL 2017 Medya İzleme Raporu. Retrieved from Kaos GL Derneği, Ankara.https://bianet. org/system/uploads/1/files/attachments/000/002/062/ original/KaosGL_medya_izleme_rapor%28web%29. pdf?1519205999.
  • Walters, M. A., Paterson, J., Brown, R., & McDonnell, L. (2020). Hate crimes against trans people: assessing emotions, behaviors, and attitudes toward criminal justice agencies. J Interpers Violence, 35(21-22), 4583-4613. 10.1177/0886260517715026
  • Whitehead, J., Shaver, J., & Stephenson, R. (2016). Outness, stigma, and primary health care utilization among rural LGBT populations. PLoS One, 11(1), e0146139. 10.1371/journal.pone.0146139
  • Yen, C. F., Pan, S. M., Hou, S. Y., Liu, H. C., Wu, S. J., Yang, W. C., & Yang, H. H. (2007). Attitudes toward gay men and lesbians and related factors among nurses in Southern Taiwan. Public Health, 121(1), 73-79. 10.1016/j. puhe.2006.08.013

Thoughts of Clinical Nurses About LGBTI Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study From Türkiye

Yıl 2024, , 12 - 24, 15.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.1161605

Öz

Background: Clinical nurses provide 24-h continuous care to the people in inpatient clinics and interact with patients more frequently than other healthcare professionals. Thus, the thoughts of clinical nurses about lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) individuals are crucial.

Objectives: We examined the thoughts of clinical nurses about LGBTI individuals.

Methods: This study was conducted with a sample of 251 clinical nurses in 16 hospitals in Ankara between September 2018-January 2019. The simple random sampling method was used. The data were collected with a 14-question sociodemographic information form and a 21-question questionnaire regarding the opinions of clinical nurses about LGBTI individuals. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis.

Results: The results demonstrated that 25.9% of the nurses considered being LGBTI as an illness, 36.7% as a congenital anomaly, 43.8% as a psychological problem and 11.2% as a moral weakness. Moreover, it was found that 59.4% of nurses asserted that LGBTI individuals could transmit infectious diseases, 47.4% said they were more likely to work in the sex industry, and 41.4% stated that they perceived them as individuals who tended to have random sexual relationships. In terms of their attitudes towards LGBTI individuals, 47.8% of the nurses evaluated their knowledge/skills/ability degrees as moderate.

Conclusion: Our results revealed that considerable amount of the nurses had inaccurate information and negative thoughts about LGBTI individuals. The undergraduate nursing education curriculum should include content about LGBTI individuals, stigmatization and discrimination towards LGBTI, and the sensitive approach during provision of nursing care. After graduation, nurses should be trained and supported by consultation liaison psychiatric nurses about care and approach to LGBTI individuals.

Kaynakça

  • Banerjee, S. C., Walters, C. B., Staley, J. M., Alexander, K., & Parker, P. A. (2018). Knowledge, Beliefs, and Communication Behavior of Oncology Health-care Providers (HCPs) regarding Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Patient Health care. J Health Commun, 23(4), 329-339. 10.1080/10810730.2018.1443527
  • Bao, A. M., & Swaab, D. F. (2011). Sexual differentiation of the human brain: relation to gender identity, sexual orientation and neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol, 32(2), 214-226. 10.1016/j. yfrne.2011.02.007
  • Beagan, B. L., Fredericks, E., & Goldberg, L. (2012). Nurses' work with LGBTQ patients:“They're just like everybody else, so what's the difference?”. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 44(3), 44-63.
  • Boch, S. (2012). Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors of nursing faculty and students’ about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. The Ohio State University. College of Nursing Honors Theses.
  • Bostanci Dastan, N. (2015). The attitudes of nursing students towards lesbians and gay males in Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract, 21(4), 376-382. 10.1111/ijn.12294
  • Cahill, S., & Makadon, H. (2014). Sexual orientation and gender identity data collection in clinical settings and in electronic health records: A key to ending LGBT health disparities. LGBT Health, 1(1), 34-41. 10.1089/ lgbt.2013.0001
  • Carabez, R., Pellegrini, M., Mankovitz, A., Eliason, M., Ciano, M., & Scott, M. (2015a). “Never in all my years…”: nurses' education about LGBT health. J Prof Nurs, 31(4), 323-329. 10.1016/j.profnurs.2015.01.003
  • Carabez, R., Pellegrini, M., Mankovitz, A., Eliason, M., & Scott, M. (2015b). Does your organization use gender inclusive forms? Nurses' confusion about trans* terminology. J Clin Nurs, 24(21-22), 3306-3317. 10.1111/ jocn.12942
  • Carabez, R. M., Eliason, M. J., & Martinson, M. (2016). Nurses' Knowledge About Transgender Patient Care: A Qualitative Study. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 39(3), 257-271. 10.1097/ANS.0000000000000128
  • Chidiac, C., & Connolly, M. (2016). Considering the impact of stigma on lesbian, gay and bisexual people receiving palliative and end-of-life care. Int J Palliat Nurs, 22(7), 334-340. 10.12968/ijpn.2016.22.7.334
  • Çiçekoğlu Oztürk, P. & Duran S. (2022). Examining Nursing Students' Homophobic Attitudes, Empathic Skills, and Affecting Factors. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, 9(2), 207-215. 10.31125/ hunhemsire.1167331
  • Della Pelle, C., Cerratti, F., Di Giovanni, P., Cipollone, F., & Cicolini, G. (2018). Attitudes Towards and Knowledge About Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patients Among Italian Nurses: An Observational Study. J Nurs Scholarsh, 50(4), 367-374. 10.1111/jnu.12388
  • Dorsen, C., & Van Devanter, N. (2016). Open arms, conflicted hearts: nurse-practitioner's attitudes towards working with lesbian, gay and bisexual patients. J Clin Nurs, 25(23-24), 3716-3727. 10.1111/jocn.13464
  • Eid, W., Biason-Lauber, A. (2016). Why boys will be boys and girls will be girls: Human sex development and its defects. Birth Defects Research Part C, Embryo Today : Review, 108(4), 365-79.
  • Ellis, S. J., Bailey, L., & McNeil, J. (2015). Trans people's experiences of mental health and gender identity services: A UK study. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 19(1), 4-20.
  • Ercan Sahin, N., Aslan, F., & Emiroglu, O. N. (2020). Health status, health behaviours and healthcare access of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations in Turkey. Scand J Caring Sci, 34(1), 239-246. 10.1111/ scs.12759
  • Ferlatte, O., Salway, T., Oliffe, J. L., & Trussler, T. (2017). Stigma and suicide among gay and bisexual men living with HIV. AIDS Care, 29(11), 1346-1350. 10.1080/09540121.2017.1290762
  • Fongkaew, K., Khruataeng, A., Unsathit, S., Khamphiirathasana, M., Jongwisan, N., Arlunaek, O., & Byrne, J. (2019). “Gay Guys are Shit-Lovers” and “Lesbians are Obsessed With Fingers”: The (Mis) Representation of LGBTIQ People in Thai News Media. J Homosex, 66(2), 260-273. 10.1080/00918369.2017.1398026
  • Greene, M. Z., France, K., Kreider, E. F., Wolfe-Roubatis, E., Chen, K. D., Wu, A., & Yehia, B. R. (2018). Comparing medical, dental, and nursing students' preparedness to address lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer health. PloS One, 13(9), e0204104. 10.1371/journal. pone.0204104
  • Hunt, J., Bristowe, K., Chidyamatare, S., & Harding, R. (2017). ‘They will be afraid to touch you’: LGBTI people and sex workers' experiences of accessing healthcare in Zimbabwe—an in-depth qualitative study. BMJ Global Health, 2(2), e000168. 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000168
  • Johnson, M., Smyer, T., & Yucha, C. (2012). Methodological quality of quantitative lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender nursing research from 2000to 2010. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 35(2), 154-165. 10.1097/ ANS.0b013e31825372b9
  • Knight, R. E., Shoveller, J. A., Carson, A. M., & Contreras- Whitney, J. G. (2014). Examining clinicians' experiences providing sexual health services for LGBTQ youth: considering social and structural determinants of health in clinical practice. Health Educ Res, 29(4), 662-670. 10.1093/her/cyt116
  • Kosenko, K., Rintamaki, L., Raney, S., & Maness, K. (2013). Transgender patient perceptions of stigma in health care contexts. Med Care, 51(9), 819-822. 10.1097/ MLR.0b013e31829fa90d
  • Küçükkaya, B., & Kayaoğlu-Süt, H., (2018). Attitude of Nursing School Students towards Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI) Individuals. STED, 27(6), 373-383.
  • Legal, L. (2010). When health care isn't caring: Lambda Legal's Survey of discrimination against LGBT people and people with HIV. https://www.lambdalegal.org/news/ ny_20100204_lambda-releases-health
  • Logie, C. H., Lys, C. L., Dias, L., Schott, N., Zouboules, M. R., MacNeill, N., & Mackay, K. (2019). "Automatic assumption of your gender, sexuality and sexual practices is also discrimination": Exploring sexual healthcare experiences and recommendations among sexually and gender diverse persons in Arctic Canada. Health Soc Care Community, 27(5), 1204-1213. 10.1111/hsc.12757
  • Muller, A. (2016). Health for All? Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and the Implementation of the Right to Access to Health Care in South Africa. Health Hum Rights, 18(2), 195-208.
  • Okpala, P. U., Uwak, R., Nwaneri, A. C., Onyiapat, J.-l., Emesowum, A., Osuala, E. O., & Adeyemo, F. O. (2017). Nurses’ knowledge and attitude to the care of HIV/ AIDS patients in South East, Nigeria. Int J Community Med Public Health, 4(2), 547-553. 10.18203/2394-6040. ijcmph20170289
  • Özbek, Ç. (2017). Publicness of Fight against Discrimination: LGBT, Movement and Being Organized. Toplum ve Demokrasi Dergisi, 11(24), 141-165.
  • Özpulat, F., Bulut, F. Y., & Kör, M. (2017). University students' opinions on LGBT individuals. International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences, 1(1), 23-32.
  • Riggs, D. W., & Bartholomaeus, C. (2016). Australian mental health nurses and transgender clients: Attitudes and knowledge. J Res Nurs, 21(3), 212-222. 10.1177/1744987115624483
  • Röndahl, G., Innala, S., & Carlsson, M. (2004a). Nurses’ attitudes towards lesbians and gay men. J Adv Nurs, 47(4), 386-392. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03116.x
  • Röndahl, G., Innala, S., & Carlsson, M. (2004b). Nursing staff and nursing students ‘emotions towards homosexual patients and their wish to refrain from nursing, if the option existed. Scand J Caring Sci, 18(1), 19-26. 10.1111/j.1471- 6712.2004.00263.x
  • Saraswat, A., Weinand, J., & Safer, J. (2015). Evidence supporting the biologic nature of gender identity. Endocr Pract, 21(2), 199-204. 10.4158/EP14351.RA
  • Sasaki, S., Ozaki, K., Yamagata, S., Takahashi, Y., Shikishima, C., Kornacki, T., Nonaka, K., & Ando, J. (2016). Genetic and environmental influences on traits of gender identity disorder: a study of Japanese twins across developmental stages. Arch Sex Behav, 45(7), 1681-1695. 10.1007/s10508-016-0821-4
  • Shetty, G., Sanchez, J. A., Lancaster, J. M., Wilson, L. E., Quinn, G. P., & Schabath, M. B. (2016). Oncology healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors regarding LGBT health. Patient Educ Couns, 99(10), 1676-1684. 10.1016/j.pec.2016.05.004
  • Tar, Y. (2018). Kaos GL 2017 Medya İzleme Raporu. Retrieved from Kaos GL Derneği, Ankara.https://bianet. org/system/uploads/1/files/attachments/000/002/062/ original/KaosGL_medya_izleme_rapor%28web%29. pdf?1519205999.
  • Walters, M. A., Paterson, J., Brown, R., & McDonnell, L. (2020). Hate crimes against trans people: assessing emotions, behaviors, and attitudes toward criminal justice agencies. J Interpers Violence, 35(21-22), 4583-4613. 10.1177/0886260517715026
  • Whitehead, J., Shaver, J., & Stephenson, R. (2016). Outness, stigma, and primary health care utilization among rural LGBT populations. PLoS One, 11(1), e0146139. 10.1371/journal.pone.0146139
  • Yen, C. F., Pan, S. M., Hou, S. Y., Liu, H. C., Wu, S. J., Yang, W. C., & Yang, H. H. (2007). Attitudes toward gay men and lesbians and related factors among nurses in Southern Taiwan. Public Health, 121(1), 73-79. 10.1016/j. puhe.2006.08.013
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hemşirelik (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sinem Öcalan 0000-0001-6128-4666

Duygu Hiçdurmaz 0000-0002-0576-3168

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Ocak 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Öcalan, S., & Hiçdurmaz, D. (2024). Thoughts of Clinical Nurses About LGBTI Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study From Türkiye. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi, 17(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.1161605

Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi ULAKBİM Türk Tıp Dizini, Türk Medline, Türkiye Atıf Dizini, Şubat 2021 tarihinden beri EBSCO Host ve 26 Ekim 2021 tarihinden itibaren DOAJ ve 18 Ocak 2022 tarihinden beri Index Copernicus, 14 Kasım 2022 tarihinden beri SCOPUS tarafından indekslenmektedir.

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınevi Web Sitesi
https://kutuphane.deu.edu.tr/yayinevi/

Dergi İletişim Bilgileri Sayfası
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jnef/contacts

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