Demansta Güncel Beslenme Yaklaşımları ve Hemşirelerin Sorumlulukları

Öz

Demansın erken evrelerinde meydana gelen düşünme, hafıza süreçlerindeki gerileme ve yürütücü işlevlerdeki bozulma demanslı bireylerin beslenme sürecinde birtakım sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Bu sorunlardan birisi de malnütrisyondur. Malnütrisyona bağlı meydana gelen enerji ve mikro besin eksikliği, bilişsel fonksiyonlarda meydana gelen bozuklukların daha da fazla şiddetlenmesine sebep olarak demansın progresyonunu hızlandırabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, demanslı bireylerde bilişsel faaliyetlerdeki gerileme riskinin önlenmesi ve malnütrisyonun etkili bir şekilde yönetimi çok önemlidir. Bütüncül bakım anlayışı ile 24 saat kesintisiz bakım hizmeti veren hemşireler, demanslı bireylerin beslenme durumlarının izlenmesinde ve demansı olmayan bireylerde demans gelişme riskinin azaltılmasında kilit role sahiptirler. Bu nedenle bu makalede, hemşirelerin demansın progresyonu üzerinde ciddi etkileri bulunan beslenme durumuna ilişkin farkındalık geliştirmeleri, demanslı bireyler için koruyucu ve tedavi edici yaklaşımlar konusunda kanıta dayalı rehberler ışığında bilgi sahibi olmaları amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Demans
• Beslenme
• Malnütrisyon
• Nöroprotektif Diyet Modeli
• Hemşirelik

Current Nutritional Approaches in Dementia And Nurses’ Responsibilities

Öz

The decline in thinking, memory processes and executive functions that occur in the early stages of dementia cause some problems in the nutrition process of individuals with dementia. One of these problems is malnutrition. The lack of energy and micronutrients due to malnutrition can accelerate the progression of dementia by causing further aggravation of the disorders in cognitive functions. Therefore, it is very important to prevent the risk of regression in cognitive activities and to effectively manage malnutrition in individuals with dementia. Nurses, who provide uninterrupted care through 24-hour with a holistic care approach, have a key role in monitoring the nutritional status of individuals with dementia and reducing the risk of dementia development in individuals without dementia. Therefore, in this article, it is aimed to raise awareness of the nutritional status, which has serious effects on the progression of dementia, and to have knowledge about preventive and therapeutic approaches for individuals with dementia in the light of evidence-based guidelines.

Kaynakça

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