Türk Akademisyenler Arasında Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 25 - 36, 15.01.2024

Zuhal Emlek Sert , Ayla Temel , Gülengül Mermer

https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.1140247

Öz

Giriş: Sağlık okuryazarlığı son yıllarda önemli bir sağlık politikası ve sağlığı geliştirme gündemi unsuru haline gelmiştir. Ayrıca toplumda sağlık okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesinde akademisyenlerin önemli bir rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Amaç: Bu araştırma ile akademisyenlerde sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ve ilişkili faktörleri incelemek amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma Türkiye’deki bir üniversitenin tüm fakültelerinde yapılmıştır. Akademisyenler tabakalı ve basit tesadüfi örnekleme (293) ile seçilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından literatür incelenerek hazırlanmış; Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği ortalama puanı 108.49 ± 10.66 olarak bulunmuştur. Kadınlarda, sigara ve alkol kullanmayanlarda, her zaman sağlıklı beslenenlerde, sağlık hizmetlerine erişimde zorluk yaşamayanlarda, yaşam kalitelerini ve genel sağlıklarını çok iyi algılayanlarda daha yüksek puanlar elde edilmiştir. Fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda akademisyenlerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerinin “biraz zorlanıyorum” ile “hiç zorlanmıyorum” arasında olduğu belirlendi. Akademisyenler, toplumun gelişmesinde rol model olarak önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Bu nedenle akademisyenlerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerini artırmaya yönelik projelerin başlatılması önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Akademisyen

Exploring Health Literacy and Associated Factors Among Turkish Academics

Öz

Background: Health literacy has become an important health policy and health promotion agenda item in recent years. In addition, it is thought that academicians have an important role in the development of health literacy in society. With this research, it was aimed to examine the level of health literacy and related factors in academicians.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in all faculties of a university in Turkey. Academicians were selected by stratified and simple random sampling (293). In the collection of data, it was prepared by the researchers by examining the literature; Personal Information Form and Health Literacy Scale were used.

Results: Mean score on the Health Literacy Scale was 108.49 ± 10.66. Higher scores were obtained by females, those who did not smoke or drink alcohol, those who always ate healthily, those who had had no difficulties in accessing health services, and those who perceived their quality of life and general health as very good, and the difference was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was determined that the health literacy level of the academicians was between “I have a little difficulty” and “I have no difficulty”. Academicians have an important position as role models in the development of society. For this reason, it is important to initiate projects to increase the health literacy levels of academicians.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Health, Health Literacy, Academician

Kaynakça

• Ahmadi, F., & Montazeri, A. (2019). Health literacy of pre-service teachers from farhangian university: a cross-sectional survey. Int J School Health, 6(2), 1-5. doi: 10.5812/intjsh.82028.
• Akbulut, Y. (2015). Evaluatıon of Health Lıteracy ın Terms of Health Expendıtures and Use of Health Servıces. Health literacy. Ed., Yıldırım, F., Keser, A. Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, No:3, pp. 113-32.
• Aras, Z., & Bayık Temel, A. (2017). Evaluation of the validity and reliability of the turkish form of the health literacy scale. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 25(2), 85-94.
• Bakan, A. B., & Yıldız, M. (2020). A study on determining the health literacy levels of individuals aged 21-64. Health and Society, 29(3), 33-40.
• Comparative report on health literacy in eight EU memberstates The European Health Literacy Project 2009–2012. Maastricht, HLS-EU Consortium. Available from: http:// www.health-literacy.eu. Accesed in 2018 (Feb 10).
• Çınarlı, İ. (2014). Health ınformation and health literacy. Journal of Review of Health and Social Policy, 7(19), 20- 25.
• Çopurlar C. K., & Kartal, M. (2016). What is healthliteracy? how is it evaluated? why is it ımportant? WWW.TJFMPC. GEN.TR, 10(1), 40-45.
• Dadaczynski, K., Rathmann, K., Hering, T., & Okan, O. (2020). The role of school leaders’ health literacy for the ımplementation of health promoting schools. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(6), 2-16. doi:10.3390/ ijerph17061855.
• Denuwara, HMBH., & Gunawardena, N. S. (2017). Level of health literacy and factors as sociated with it among school teachers in an education zone in Colombo, Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-9.
• Doğan, M., & Çetinkaya, F. (2019). Research artıcle the level of health literacy of academıcıans and factors affectıng ıt. Hacettepe Journal of Health Administration, 22(2), 389-400.
• Doğanyiğit, S. Ö. (2015). Mobile Health and Health Literacy. Health literacy. Ed., Yıldırım, F., Keser, A. Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Publication, No:3, pp.101-12.
• Esen, İ., Demirci, H., Güçlü, M., Aktürk Esen, S., & Şimşek, E. E. (2018). The relationship between health literacy, diabetic control, and disease-specific complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. South. Clin. Ist. Euras, 29(3), 151-156.
• Güner, A. E., Şahin, E., Peksu, S., Kaya Şengül, S., & Güngör, M. (2020). The Study of Determining the health literacy levels of classroom teachers, determining knowledge, attitude, behavior change and education needs. Turkish Journal of Health Literacy, 1(1), 58-76. http://www.saglikokuryazarligidergisi.com/index.php/ soyd/index.
• Hablemitoğlu, Ş. (2015). Presentation. Health literacy. Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences. Ed: Yıldırım F, Keser A. Yayın No:3. Ankara. Available from: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/114967/ mod_resource/content/1/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k%20 Okuryazarl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1.pdf. Accesed in 2021 (May 27).
• Haun, J. N., Patel, N. R., French, D. D., Campbell, R. R., Bradham, D. D., & Lapcevic, W. A. (2015). Association between health literacy and medical care costs in an ıntegrated healthcare system: a regional population based study. BMC Health Services Research, 15, 249, 2-11. doi 10.1186/s12913-015-0887-z.
• Khoshravesh, S., Moeini, B., Shahkolai, F. R., Kharameh, Z. T., & Bandehelahi, K. (2018). Health literacy of employees hamadan university of medical sciences and related demographic factors. Journal of Education and Community Health, 17(5), 19-26. doi:10.21859/ jech.5.1.19.
• Madalı, B., Dikmen, D., & Piyal, B. (2017). Is health literacy sufficient in evaluation of nutrition knowledge level? Journal of Nutrıtıon and Dıetetıcs, 45(2), 153-60.
• Mitic, W., Rootman, I. (2012). An intersectoral approach for improving health literacy for Canadians. Ottawa. Public Health Agency of Canada 2012. Available from: https://phabc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Intersect oralApproachforHealthLiteracy-FINAL.pdf. Accesed in 2021 (Apr 11).
• Nakayama, K., Osaka, W., Togari, T., Ishikawa, H., Yonekura, Y., Sekido, A., & Matsumoto, M. (2015). Comprehensive health literacy in Japan is lowerthan in Europe: a validated Japanese-language assessment of health literacy. BMC Public Health, 15, 505, 2-12. doi 10.1186/s12889-015-1835-x.
• Nielsen-Bohlman L., Panzer, A. M., & Kindig, D. A. (2004). Health literacy: a prescription to end the confusion. Washington. National Academies Press, 31-55.
• Özcan, G., & Karaman, A. (2021). Health literacy level and affecting factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty, 14(1), 3-16.
• Rahimi, B., & Tavassoli, E. (2019). Measuring health literacy of elementary school teachers in shahrekord. Journal of Health Literacy, 4(1), 25-32. doi:10.22038/ JHL.2019.38770.1039.
• Sorenson, K., Van den, Broucke S., Fullam, J., Doyle, G., Pelikan, J., Slonska, Z., & Brand, H. (2012). Consortium health literacy Project european. Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and ıntegration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health, 25(12), 2-13.
• Toçi, E., Burazeri, G., Sorensen, K., Jerliu, N., Ramadani, N., Roshi, E., & Brand, H. (2013). Health literacy and socioeconomic characteristics among older people in transitional kosovo. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 3(4), 1646-1658. doi: 10.9734/ BJMMR/2013/3972.
• Tokuda, Y., Doba, N., Butler, J. P., & Paasche-Orlow, M. K. (2009). Health literacy and physical and psychological wellbeing in Japanese adults. Patient Education and Counseling, 75, 411-417. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.03.031.
• TR. Ministry of Health 2013-2017. Available from: https:// sgb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/34226/0/strategic-plan-2013- 2017pdf.pdf. Accesed in 2021 (May 14).
• Vamos, S., Okan, O., Sentell, T., & Rootman, I. (2020). Making a case for “education for health literacy”: An International Perspective. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17,1436, 2-18. doi:10.3390/ijerph17041436.
• WHO. Health literacy. The solid facts. Editors: Kickbusch I, Pelikan JM, Apfel F, Tsouros AD. Developing policies for health literacy at the local, national and european region levels. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/handle/10665/128703/e96854.pdf. Accesed in 2021 (Apr 10).
• Yakar, B., Gömleksiz, M., & Pirinççi, E. (2019). Health literacy levels of patients admitted to a university hospital out patient clinic and affecting factors. Euras J Fam Med, 8(1), 27-35.
• Yılmazel, G., & Çetinkaya, F. (2015). The importance of health literacy in terms of public health. TAF Prev Med Bull, 15(1), 69-74.