Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of Work Readiness Scale for Graduate Nurses Among Senior Nursing Students

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 230 - 237, 29.12.2022

Abdullah Beyhan , Ayşe Ergün

https://doi.org/10.5152/JANHS.2022.222443

Cited By: 2

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the work readiness scale for graduate nurses among senior-class Turkish nursing students.

Methods: This is a study of methodological design. A method of translation—back translation,
pilot testing, and exploring content validity through a review of 10 raters—was used to create
the Turkish version of the work readiness scale. The work readiness scale for graduate nurses was
applied to 1008 senior nursing students enrolled in 15 universities in Turkey. Demo version of
SPSS 28 and Lisrel 9.2 for Windows was used for statistical analysis. Reliability was evaluated with
Cronbach’s alpha, and the scale’s factor construct was explored with confirmatory factor analysis.

Results: The content validity index of the scale was found to be 0.97. Confirmatory factor analysis
revealed that the general fit coefficients related to a 4-factor model were acceptable. The convergent and discriminant validity results obtained from factor loadings were largely supported . The
Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.93.

Conclusion: The Turkish version of the work readiness scale for graduate nurses was found to be
valid and reliable and can be used in the Turkish population to assess work readiness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nursing, validity and reliability, work

Mezun Hemşireler İçin Çalışmaya Hazırlık Ölçeği Türkçe Formu'nun Hemşirelik Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinde Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, Mezun Hemşirelerin İşe Hazırlık Ölçeği’nin son sınıf Türk hemşirelik
öğrencilerinde geçerlik ve güvenirliğini test etmek amacıyla planlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmada metodolojik tasarım kullanılmıştır. Mezun Hemşirelerin İşe Hazırlık
Ölçeği’nin Türkçe versiyonunu oluşturmak için çeviri - geri çeviri, pilot test ve sonrasında
10 uzmanın inclenmesiyle içerik geçerliliği yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ölçek, Türkiye’de ki 15 üniversitede kayıtlı 1008 hemşirelik son sınıf öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz için SPSS
28 ve Lisrel 9.2'nin demo versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Güvenirlik Cronbach alfa ile değerlendirilmiş ve
ölçeğin faktör yapısı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi doğrulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Ölçeğin kapsam geçerlilik indeksi 0,97 idi. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 4 faktörlü bir modele ilişkin genel uyum katsayılarının kabul edilebilir olduğunu ortaya koydu. Faktör
yüklerinden elde edilen yakınsak ve ayırt edici geçerlik sonuçları büyük ölçüde desteklenmiştir.
Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı 0,93 olarak bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Mezun Hemşireler İşe Hazırlık Ölçeğinin Türkçe versiyonu geçerli ve güvenilir bulundu.
Ölçeğin Türkçe versiyonu, Türk popülasyonunda işe hazır olma durumunu değerlendirmek için
kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemşirelik, geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik, iş

Kaynakça

• 1. WalkerA, Storey KM, Costa BM, Leung RK. Refinement and validation of the Work Readiness Scale for graduate nurses. Nurs Outlook. 2015;63(6):632-638. [CrossRef]
• 2. Deepa S, Seth M. Do soft skills matter?-Implications for educators based on recruiters’ perspective. IUP J Soft Skills. 2013;7(1):7.
• 3. Humphrey RH. The benefits of emotional intelligence and empathy to entrepreneurship. Entrep Res J. 2013;3(3):287-294. [CrossRef]
• 4. Lazarus A. Soften up: the importance of soft skills for job success. Phys Exec. 2013;39(5):40-45.
• 5. Robles MM. Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in today’s workplace. Bus Commun Q. 2012;75(4):453-465. [CrossRef]
• 6. Hardin-Ramanan S, Gopee S, Rowtho V, Charoux O. Graduate workreadiness in Mauritius: a multi-stakeholder approach. J Teach Learn Grad Employability. 2020;11(1):93-109. [CrossRef]
• 7. Ngoo YT, Tiong KM, Pok WF. Bridging the gap of perceived skills between employers and accounting graduates in Malaysia. Am J Econ. 2015;5(2):98-104.
• 8. Nawai N. Employers’ perceptions of the employability skills of Islamic business administration graduates in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. Int J Islamic Econ Fin Research. 2021;4(1):41-52.
• 9. Ballem A, MacIntosh J. A narrative exploration: experienced nurses’ stories of working with new graduates. West J Nurs Res. 2014;36(3):374-387. [CrossRef]
• 10. Caballero CL, Walker A, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. The work readiness scale (WRS): developing a measure to assess work readiness in college graduates. J Teach Learn Grad Employability. 2011;2(1):41-54. [CrossRef]
• 11. Walker A, Campbell K. Work readiness of graduate nurses and the impact on job satisfaction, work engagement and intention to remain. Nurse Educ Today. 2013;33(12):1490-1495. [CrossRef]
• 12. Hezaveh MS, Rafii F, Seyedfatemi N. Novice nurses’ experiences of unpreparedness at the beginning of the work. Glob J Health Sci. 2013;6(1):215-222. [CrossRef]
• 13. Prikshat V, Kumar S, Nankervis A. Work-readiness integrated competence model: conceptualisation and scale development. Educ Training. 2019;61(5):568-589. [CrossRef]
• 14. Pennbrant S, Nilsson MS, Öhlén J, Rudman A. Mastering the professional role as a newly graduated registered nurse. Nurse Educ Today. 2013;33(7):739-745. [CrossRef]
• 15. Phillips C, Kenny A, Esterman A, Smith C. A secondary data analysis examining the needs of graduate nurses in their transition to a new role. Nurse Educ Pract. 2014;14(2):106-111. [CrossRef]
• 16. Caballero CL, Walker A. Work readiness in graduate recruitment and selection: a review of current assessment methods. J Teach Learn Grad Employability. 2010;1(1):13-25. [CrossRef]
• 17. Spence Laschinger HKS, Leiter MP. The impact of nursing work environments on patient safety outcomes: the mediating role of burnout engagement. J Nurs Adm. 2006;36(5):259-267. [CrossRef]
• 18. Duchscher JB. A process of becoming: the stages of new nursing graduate professional role transition. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2008;39(10):441-450. [CrossRef]
• 19. Cho J, Laschinger HK, Wong C. Workplace empowerment, work engagement and organizational commitment of new graduate nurses. Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont). 2006;19(3):43-60. [CrossRef]
• 20. Duchscher JE. Transition shock: the initial stage of role adaptation for newly graduated registered nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65(5):1103-1113. [CrossRef]
• 21. van Rooyen DRM, Jordan PJ, ten Ham-Baloyi W, Caka EM. A comprehensive literature review of guidelines facilitating transition of newly graduated nurses to professional nurses. Nurse Educ Pract. 2018;30:35-41. [CrossRef]
• 22. Prikshat V, Montague A, Connell J, Burgess J. Australian graduates’ work readiness–deficiencies, causes and potential solutions. Higher Educ Skills Work Based Learn. 2019;10(2):369-386. [CrossRef]
• 23. Bowles C, Candela L. First job experiences of recent RN graduates: improving the work environment. J Nurs Adm. 2005;35(3):130-137. [CrossRef]
• 24. Missen K, McKenna L, Beauchamp A. Work readiness of nursing graduates: current perspectives of graduate nurse program coordinators. Contemp Nurse. 2015;51(1):27-38. [CrossRef]
• 25. Kocaman G, Arslan HY. Situational analysis of nursing education in Turkey: nursing education by numbers (1996-2015). Yükseköğretim Bilim Derg. 2015;5(3):255-262.
• 26. Ong DC. A primer to bootstrapping; and an overview of doBootstrap. Available at: https://web.stanford.edu/class/psych252/tutorials/doBootstrapPrimer.pdf. Accessed May 02, 2022.
• 27. Yusoff MSB. ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Resource. 2019;11(2):49-54. [CrossRef]
• 28. Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nurs Res. 1986;35(6):382-385. [CrossRef]
• 29. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. Using Multivariate Statistics. 7th ed. Boston: Pearson; 2019.
• 30. Seçer İ, . Psychological Test Development and Adaptation Process: SPSS and LISREL Applications. 2nd ed. Ankara:. Anı publishing; 2018:168.
• 31. Hair Jr J, Black W, Babin B, Anderson R, Tatham R. SEM: an Introduction Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education; 2010:629-686.
• 32. Malhotra NK, Dash S. Marketing Research an Applied Orientation. 7th ed. Australia:Pearson Publishing; 2011.
• 33. Karagöz Y, SPSS, AMOS. META Applied Statistical Analysis. 2nd ed. Ankara:Nobel Academic Publishing Education Consultancy; vol 1336; 2019.
• 34. Büyüköztürk Ş. Manual of Data Analysis for Social Sciences. 27th ed. Ankara:Pegem Academy Publishing; 2018:213.
• 35. Streiner DL, Norman GR, Cairney J. Health Measurement Scales: a Practical Guide to Their Development and Use. New York: Oxford University Press; 2015