False-Positive Results in HIV Screening Tests Prior to Elective Orthopedic Surgery: Prevalence, Causes, and Clinical Management Strategies
Öz
Objective: To synthesize the prevalence, causes, and clinical management strategies of false-positive results in HIV screening tests prior to elective orthopedic surgery in low-prevalence settings. Methods: A selective literature review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 2000 to the present. Approximately 30 sources were examined, with priority given to cohort studies, retrospective analyses, and current guideline documents (CDC, WHO) reporting screening results prior to elective surgery. Results: In low-prevalence settings, false-positive rates range from 0.11% to 0.67%, consistent with the 0.4%–1.3% range reported in general populations. Primary causes include limited specificity of fourth-generation immunoassays, biological cross-reactivity (e.g., EBV, CMV, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, vaccinations, post-COVID-19 immune alterations), technical errors, and patient-specific factors relevant to orthopedic populations (rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation, advanced age, anti-inflammatory medications). Clinical consequences encompass patient anxiety and stigma, surgical delays, additional costs, and disruptions in healthcare workers' risk perception. Confirmation strategies involve rapid HIV RNA NAT (PCR) within two- or three-test algorithms (adapted from CDC/WHO guidelines); surgery proceeds without delay when NAT is negative. Conclusion: Although false-positive HIV screening results are infrequent in elective orthopedic surgery, they can be effectively managed through multidisciplinary approaches, rapid confirmation processes, and patient-centered counseling. Rationalizing screening policies in low-prevalence environments—via risk-based approaches, institutional monitoring of false-positive rates, and staff training—will safeguard patient safety, maintain surgical continuity, and enhance healthcare system efficiency. Future prospective studies specific to orthopedic surgery are needed to further validate the effectiveness of these strategies.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Ortopedi
Bölüm
Derleme
Yazarlar
Aylin Uğurlu
*
0009-0003-2770-4745
Türkiye
Hilal Kart
Bu kişi benim
0009-0001-7244-0641
Türkiye
Hülya Koçyiğit Akyüz
Bu kişi benim
0009-0004-3899-6410
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Mart 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
12 Şubat 2026
Kabul Tarihi
16 Mart 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1