Avrupa Ekonomik ve Mali Bütünleşmesinin En Somut Hali: Avro

Öz

Avrupa Birliği (AB), kuruluşunda sektörel bir ekonomik topluluk iken zamanla birçok alanda bütünleşmiş ve bir birlik olarak farklı entegrasyon aşamalarından geçmiştir. AB genişlemesi, yeni ülkelerin Birliğe üye olması yoluyla Birliğin yatay bütünleşmesini güçlendirmiş, Ekonomik ve Parasal Birlik politikaları ve Maastricht Antlaşması ise “Avro” kullanımına ilişkin yakınsama kriterleri ile dikey bütünleşmeyi arttırmıştır. Bu bağamda, Ekonomik ve Parasal Birlik, AB’nin bütünleşmesinin önemli bir aracı ve araştırma alanı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. 2025 itibariyle Avro’nun 26. yıl dönümü çerçevesinde, bu çalışma tek paranın aşamalarını ve AB bütünleşme politikası üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan yöntem; öncelikle ekonomik entegrasyon modellerinin teorik arka planının incelenmesi ve ardından finansal politikalar ile ilgili akademik literatür taramasını kapsamıştır. Çalışmada daha sonra tek para birimine geçişin aşamaları ile Parasal Birliğin yatay ve dikey entegrasyonu değerlendirilmiş olup, Avro’nun 2002-2024 yılları arasında AB içi ihracat büyüme oranları ile AB ülkelerindeki temel ekonomik göstergeleri incelemiştir. Bu ekonomik ve istatistiksel veri analizi hem Euro bölgesindeki hem de Euro bölgesi dışındaki ülkeleri kapsayarak, AB-27 içinde karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirme sunmuştur. Bulgularımız, Euro kullanımının çoğu durumda "otomatik" bir avantaj veya dezavantaj sunmadığını, ancak özellikle AB'nin yakınsama kriterleri ve Avrupa entegrasyon süreci kapsamında hem mali hem de politik faydalar sağladığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avro
• Avrupa Tek Senedi
• Avrupa Ekonomik Bütünleşmesi
• Parasal Birlik
• Tek Para Birimi

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma etik kurallara uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır.

The Most Tangible Form of European Economic and Financial Integration: The Euro

Öz

The European Union (EU) passed through different stages of integration, expanding from an initial sectorial economic community to an integrated and unified bloc in many areas. While the enlargement of the EU strengthened the horizontal integration, Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) policies deepened the vertical integration of the Union. As the Euro celebrates its 26th year in 2025, this study assesses the Euro’s overall impact on the EU integration policy. The methodology of the study consists of examining the theoretical background of economic integration models and presents the relevant financial policies in the academic literature. The study evaluates then the stages of the single currency with the horizontal and vertical integration and examines the impact of the Euro using the 2002-2024 intra-EU export growth rates and major economic indicators in both Euro-zone and non-Euro-zone countries. The economic and statistical figures provide a comparative data within the EU-27. While our findings indicate that the use of the Euro is not an “automatic” advantage or disadvantage, it provides nevertheless both financial and political benefits and stability, especially within the EU’s convergence criteria and the European integration process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Euro
• Single European Act
• European Economic Integration
• Monetary Union
• Single Currency Unit

Etik Beyan

This paper is prepared wtihin ethical requirements.

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