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HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA: ISSUES AND STRATEGIC MEASURES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 201 - 219, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.481678

Öz

Aim: In this study, the human capital management concept and its importance were discussed. The study aims to gain insights on human capital issues in Malaysia and look on a strategic measure that has been taken to counter the issues. The objective also to add scanty literature review on the human capital issue.

Method: This paper based on secondary data collection from reports, previous studies such as journals, books and newspapers. The key issues were constructed as a main-frame and been discussed thoroughly with solid arguments and supported evidences from previous findings and reports.

Findings and Conclusion: The key main issues being discussed are education issues, brain drain issues and racial conflict issues. Racial conflict issue is considered as a unique issue facing by the country as Malaysia is a multiracial country, having positive discrimination practice and masked with discrimination practice from race-type organization. The discussed issues inflicted major damage to development of human capital in Malaysia which in turn hinder progress towards vision 2020. It is hoped that the government will and implement effectively discussed strategic measure to ensure competency of human labor in Malaysia.

Kaynakça

  • 11th Malaysia Plan. (2015). Anchoring Growth On People. Putrajaya.
  • A.Ruark, E., & Graham, M. (2011). Immigration, Poverty and Low-Wage Earners. Federation For American Immigration Reform.
  • After School. (2015, September 14). MoE introduces 3 new programmes to improve English in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://afterschool.my/news/moe-introduces-3-new-programmes-to-improve-english-in-malaysia/
  • Ali, A. (2015). The Role Of Lifelong Learning In Human Capital Development: The Malaysian Blueprint. ASEM Lifelong Learning Hub Forum.
  • Arukesamy, K. (2015, May 18). Students losing out due to lack of English skill. Retrieved from The Sunday Daily: http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1421066
  • Badawi, A. A. (2004, September 2). Koleksi Arkib Ucapan Ketua Eksekutif. Retrieved from pmo.gov: http://www.pmo.gov.my/ucapan/?m=p&p=paklah&id=2889
  • Bank Negara Malaysia. (2009). Annual Report. Retrieved from http://www.bnm.gov.my/files/publication/ar/en/2009/cp04_002_whitebox.pdf
  • Basedau, M., Strüver, G., Vüllers, J., & Wegenast, T. (2011). Do Religious Factors Impact Armed Conflict? German Institute of Global And Area Studies.
  • Bernama . (2011, April 28). Malaysia Diaspora Reach One Million in 2010-World Bank Official. Retrieved from Bernam.com: http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v6/newsbusiness.php?id=582698
  • Bernanke, B. S., & Frank, R. H. (2007). Principles of Micro Economics (Third Edition edition ed.). McGraq-Hill/Irwin.Chen, K. S. (2014, March 23). PT3 to replace PMR. Retrieved from The Star: http://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2014/03/23/pt3-to-replace-pmr/
  • Chimanikire, D. P. (2005). Brain Drain: Causes, And Economic Consequences for Africa. African Association For Public Administration and Management, (pp. 3-25). Zambia.
  • Chin, C. (2016, January 31). Malaysia’s workplace is still hiring. Retrieved from The Star Online: http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/01/31/malaysias-workplace-is-still-hiring/
  • Collis, D. J., & Montgomery, C. (1995). Competing on resources: Strategy in the 1990s. Harvard Business Review, 118-128.
  • Education Reform in Malaysia Report . (2012). Education Reform and Process of Consultation. Centre for Public Policy Studies, Asian Strategy and Leadership Institute (ASLI-CPPS).
  • EFA Global Monitoring Report. (2005). The Importance of Good Quality: What research tell us. UNESCO.
  • Eigbiremolen, G. O., & Anaduaka, U. S. (2014). Human Capital Development and Economic Growth: The Nigeria Experience. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4, 25-35. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-i4/749
  • Faaland, J., Parkinson, J., & Saniman, R. (2003). Growth and ethnic inequality. Malaysia's new economic policy. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors.
  • Harbison, F. H. (1973). Human Resources as the Wealth of Nations. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Harper, J. (2012, December 4). Malaysia seeks to attract foreign talent. Retrieved from The Telegraph: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/expat-money/9721094/Malaysia-seeks-to-attract-foreign-talent.html
  • Hiew, W. (2012). English Language Teaching And Learning Issues In Malaysia: Learners Perception Via Facebook Dialogue Journal. International Refereed Research Journal, 3(1).
  • Iravani, M. R. (2011, August 15). Brain drain Problem: A Review. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(15).Jauhar, J., & Yusoff, Y. M. (2011). Brain Drain: Propensity to Leave by Malaysian Professionals. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2(2), 119-122.
  • Jobstreet.com. (2015, December 7). Employers: Fresh Graduates Have Unrealistic Expectations. Kuala Lumpur.
  • Kim, N., & Conceição, P. (2010). The Economic Crisis, Violent Conflict, And Human Development. International Journal of Peace Studies, 15.
  • Lee, H. A., & Khalid, M. A. (2016). Discrimination of high degrees: race and graduate hiring in Malaysia. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 21(1), 53-76.
  • Liang, W. L. (2014). Framing the Malaysian Brain Drain:A Comparison between the Reporting Styles of The Star Online vs Malaysiakini. The Journal of the South East Asia Research centre for Communications and Humanities, 6, 97-121.
  • Lowell, B. L., & Findlay, A. (2001). Migration of Highly Skilled Persons From Developing Countries: Impact and Policy Responses. International Labour Office. Geneva: International Migration Branch.
  • M. Shamsul Haque. (2003). The Role of the State in Managing Ethnic Tensions in Malaysia. American Behaioral Scientist, 47(3), 240-266.
  • Malaysia Economic Monitor. (2011). Brain Drain. Malaysia's Economic Planning Unit.
  • Maria, S. S. (2011, December 30). Weak education system eroding talent. Retrieved from Free Malaysia Today: http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2011/12/30/weak-education-system-eroding-talent/
  • Marimuthu, M., Arokiasamy, L., & Ismail, M. (2009). Human Capital Development and Its Impact On Firm Performance: Evidence From Developmental Economics. The Journal of International Social Research, 2(8), 266-272.
  • Mincer, J. A. (1974). The Human Capital Earnings Function. National Bureau of Economic Research, 83-96.
  • MOHE. (2010). MOHE Implementation Plan for Development of Innovative Human Capital at Tertiary Level. Putrajaya.Nadaraj, V. (2016, March 18). Malaysia’s brain drain reaching critical stage. Retrieved from Asean Today: http://www.aseantoday.com/2016/03/malaysias-brain-drain/
  • Nambiar, S. (2011, December 27). Problems with human capital in Malaysia. Retrieved from EastAsiaForum: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/12/27/problems-with-human-capital-in-malaysia/
  • Nyukuri, B. K. (1997). The Impact Of Past And Potential Ethnic Conflicts On Kenyan's Stability And Development. USAID Conference on Conflict resolution. Greater Horn .
  • Okojie, C. (1995, June). Human Capital Formation for Productivity Growth in Nigeria. Nigerian Economic and Financial Review, 44-55.
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2001). The Well- Being of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital. Paris: OECD.
  • Othman, A., Mohin, M., & Dahari, Z. (2013). Professionalism in teaching and learning in higher education: learning from the basic teaching metholody programme. ASEAN Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 5(2), 60-74.
  • Oxford Dictionaries. (2016). Retrieved March 13, 2016, from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ms/definisi/bahasa-inggeris/human-capital?q=human+capital&searchDictCode=all
  • Penang Institute. (2014, March 11). Lacking a consistent vision for educational reform. Retrieved from Malaysia Kini: https://www.malaysiakini.com/letters/256741
  • Psacharopoulos, G. (1973). Returns to Education: an International Comparison. Elsevier.
  • Psacharopoulos, G. (1981). Returns to education: an updated international comparison. Comparative Education, 17, 321-41.
  • Robinson, J. (2015, February 26). The 20 Fastest-Growing Economies This Year. Retrieved from BloombergBusiness: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-25/the-20-fastest-growing-economies-this-year
  • Romer, P. M. (1990). Human Capital And Growth: Theory and Evidence. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy. 32, pp. 251-286. Elsevier.
  • Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in Human Capital. The American Economic Review, 51, 1-17.
  • Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nation. London: Routledge and Sons Limited.
  • Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87, 355-374.
  • Tenth Malaysia Plan . (2010). Putrajaya: The Economic Planning Unit.
  • Thaib, L. (2013). Human Capital Development From Islamic Perspective: Malaysia's Experience. European Journal of Management Sciences and Economics, 1(1), 11-23.
  • The Malay Mail. (2015, March 27). Forbes writer: Weak english, school system leaves Malaysian workforce vulnerable in region. Retrieved from Malaymail: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/forbes-writer-weak-english-school-system-leaves-malaysian-workforce-vulnerable
  • The Malaysian Times . (2013, April 30). Malaysia lack of skilled workers . Retrieved from themalaysiantimes.com.my: http://www.themalaysiantimes.com.my/malaysia-lack-of-skilled-workers/
  • The Malaysian Times. (2012, September 22). Blueprint to address weaknesses in education system: Muhyiddin . Retrieved from The Malaysian Times: http://www.themalaysiantimes.com.my/blueprint-to-address-weaknesses-in-education-system-muhyiddin/
  • The World Bank. (2016). GDP growth (annual %). Retrieved March 12, 2016, from data world bank: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG
  • Wahab, A. (2015, May 13). World Class Education? Malaysia Ranked 52nd Again In Global Education Ratings. Retrieved from Malaysian Digest: http://www.malaysiandigest.com/news/553456-world-class-education-malaysia-ranked-52nd-again-in-global-education-ratings.html
  • Weinberg, B. A. (2011). Developing science: Scientific performance and brain drains in the developing world. Journal of Development Economics, 95-104.
  • Writers, S. (2011, July 6). 10 Countries Facing the Biggest Brain Drain. Retrieved from onlineuniversities.com: http://www.onlineuniversities.com/blog/2011/07/10-countries-facing-the-biggest-brain-drain/
  • Xiaoli, K. (2015). Ethnic Chinese Remigration from Southeast Asian Countries since 1960s: A Case Study of Malaysian Chinese Outflows. Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal, 1, 302-329.
  • Yeong, E. (2014, March 27). TalentCorp revises REP. Retrieved from The Sunday Daily: http://www.thesundaily.my/news/999137
  • Zakaria, Z., Hussin, Z., Noordin, N., & Sawal, M. Z. (2010). Financial Crisis of 1997/1998 in Malaysia: Causes, Impacts and Recovery Plans. Voice of Academia, 5, 79-96.

MALEZYA'DA İNSAN SERMAYESİ YÖNETİMİ: SORUNLAR VE STRATEJİK ÖNLEMLER

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 201 - 219, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.481678

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı,
insan sermayesi yönetimi kavramı ve öneminin tartışılmasıdır. Çalışma
Malezya'da insan sermayesi konularında iç görü kazandırmayı ve sorunları
gidermek için alınmış stratejik önlemleri incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca,
insan sermaye sorunu üzerinde yetersiz kalan literatüre katkı sağlanması da
amaçlanmaktadır.

Yöntem: Çalışma, rapor,
dergi, kitap ve gazeteler gibi önceki çalışmalardan veri toplamaya
dayanmaktadır. Temel meseleler ana çerçeve olarak oluşturulmakta ve daha önceki
bulgu ve raporlardan elde edilen kanıtlar ve somut argümanlarla kapsamlı bir
şekilde tartışılmaktadır.





Bulgular
ve Sonuç:

Tartışılan temel konular eğitim sorunları, beyin göçü sorunları ve ırkçı
çatışma konularıdır. Irkçı çatışma, Malezya'nın çok ırklı bir ülke olması,
pozitif ayrımcılık uygulamasının bulunması ve ırk-tipi örgütlenmede ayrımcılık
uygulaması ile yüz yüze kalması sebebiyle ülkenin karşı karşıya kaldığı benzersiz
bir sorun olarak görülmektedir. Tartışılan konular Malezya'da insan
sermayesinin gelişmesine büyük zarar veren ve ülkenin 2020 vizyonuna doğru
ilerlemesini engelleyen sorunlardır. Malezya'da insan emeğinin yeterliliğini
sağlamak için hükümetin etkili bir şekilde tartışılan stratejik konularda önlem
alması ve uygulamaya geçmesi ümit edilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 11th Malaysia Plan. (2015). Anchoring Growth On People. Putrajaya.
  • A.Ruark, E., & Graham, M. (2011). Immigration, Poverty and Low-Wage Earners. Federation For American Immigration Reform.
  • After School. (2015, September 14). MoE introduces 3 new programmes to improve English in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://afterschool.my/news/moe-introduces-3-new-programmes-to-improve-english-in-malaysia/
  • Ali, A. (2015). The Role Of Lifelong Learning In Human Capital Development: The Malaysian Blueprint. ASEM Lifelong Learning Hub Forum.
  • Arukesamy, K. (2015, May 18). Students losing out due to lack of English skill. Retrieved from The Sunday Daily: http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1421066
  • Badawi, A. A. (2004, September 2). Koleksi Arkib Ucapan Ketua Eksekutif. Retrieved from pmo.gov: http://www.pmo.gov.my/ucapan/?m=p&p=paklah&id=2889
  • Bank Negara Malaysia. (2009). Annual Report. Retrieved from http://www.bnm.gov.my/files/publication/ar/en/2009/cp04_002_whitebox.pdf
  • Basedau, M., Strüver, G., Vüllers, J., & Wegenast, T. (2011). Do Religious Factors Impact Armed Conflict? German Institute of Global And Area Studies.
  • Bernama . (2011, April 28). Malaysia Diaspora Reach One Million in 2010-World Bank Official. Retrieved from Bernam.com: http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v6/newsbusiness.php?id=582698
  • Bernanke, B. S., & Frank, R. H. (2007). Principles of Micro Economics (Third Edition edition ed.). McGraq-Hill/Irwin.Chen, K. S. (2014, March 23). PT3 to replace PMR. Retrieved from The Star: http://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2014/03/23/pt3-to-replace-pmr/
  • Chimanikire, D. P. (2005). Brain Drain: Causes, And Economic Consequences for Africa. African Association For Public Administration and Management, (pp. 3-25). Zambia.
  • Chin, C. (2016, January 31). Malaysia’s workplace is still hiring. Retrieved from The Star Online: http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/01/31/malaysias-workplace-is-still-hiring/
  • Collis, D. J., & Montgomery, C. (1995). Competing on resources: Strategy in the 1990s. Harvard Business Review, 118-128.
  • Education Reform in Malaysia Report . (2012). Education Reform and Process of Consultation. Centre for Public Policy Studies, Asian Strategy and Leadership Institute (ASLI-CPPS).
  • EFA Global Monitoring Report. (2005). The Importance of Good Quality: What research tell us. UNESCO.
  • Eigbiremolen, G. O., & Anaduaka, U. S. (2014). Human Capital Development and Economic Growth: The Nigeria Experience. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4, 25-35. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-i4/749
  • Faaland, J., Parkinson, J., & Saniman, R. (2003). Growth and ethnic inequality. Malaysia's new economic policy. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors.
  • Harbison, F. H. (1973). Human Resources as the Wealth of Nations. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Harper, J. (2012, December 4). Malaysia seeks to attract foreign talent. Retrieved from The Telegraph: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/expat-money/9721094/Malaysia-seeks-to-attract-foreign-talent.html
  • Hiew, W. (2012). English Language Teaching And Learning Issues In Malaysia: Learners Perception Via Facebook Dialogue Journal. International Refereed Research Journal, 3(1).
  • Iravani, M. R. (2011, August 15). Brain drain Problem: A Review. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(15).Jauhar, J., & Yusoff, Y. M. (2011). Brain Drain: Propensity to Leave by Malaysian Professionals. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2(2), 119-122.
  • Jobstreet.com. (2015, December 7). Employers: Fresh Graduates Have Unrealistic Expectations. Kuala Lumpur.
  • Kim, N., & Conceição, P. (2010). The Economic Crisis, Violent Conflict, And Human Development. International Journal of Peace Studies, 15.
  • Lee, H. A., & Khalid, M. A. (2016). Discrimination of high degrees: race and graduate hiring in Malaysia. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 21(1), 53-76.
  • Liang, W. L. (2014). Framing the Malaysian Brain Drain:A Comparison between the Reporting Styles of The Star Online vs Malaysiakini. The Journal of the South East Asia Research centre for Communications and Humanities, 6, 97-121.
  • Lowell, B. L., & Findlay, A. (2001). Migration of Highly Skilled Persons From Developing Countries: Impact and Policy Responses. International Labour Office. Geneva: International Migration Branch.
  • M. Shamsul Haque. (2003). The Role of the State in Managing Ethnic Tensions in Malaysia. American Behaioral Scientist, 47(3), 240-266.
  • Malaysia Economic Monitor. (2011). Brain Drain. Malaysia's Economic Planning Unit.
  • Maria, S. S. (2011, December 30). Weak education system eroding talent. Retrieved from Free Malaysia Today: http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2011/12/30/weak-education-system-eroding-talent/
  • Marimuthu, M., Arokiasamy, L., & Ismail, M. (2009). Human Capital Development and Its Impact On Firm Performance: Evidence From Developmental Economics. The Journal of International Social Research, 2(8), 266-272.
  • Mincer, J. A. (1974). The Human Capital Earnings Function. National Bureau of Economic Research, 83-96.
  • MOHE. (2010). MOHE Implementation Plan for Development of Innovative Human Capital at Tertiary Level. Putrajaya.Nadaraj, V. (2016, March 18). Malaysia’s brain drain reaching critical stage. Retrieved from Asean Today: http://www.aseantoday.com/2016/03/malaysias-brain-drain/
  • Nambiar, S. (2011, December 27). Problems with human capital in Malaysia. Retrieved from EastAsiaForum: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/12/27/problems-with-human-capital-in-malaysia/
  • Nyukuri, B. K. (1997). The Impact Of Past And Potential Ethnic Conflicts On Kenyan's Stability And Development. USAID Conference on Conflict resolution. Greater Horn .
  • Okojie, C. (1995, June). Human Capital Formation for Productivity Growth in Nigeria. Nigerian Economic and Financial Review, 44-55.
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2001). The Well- Being of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital. Paris: OECD.
  • Othman, A., Mohin, M., & Dahari, Z. (2013). Professionalism in teaching and learning in higher education: learning from the basic teaching metholody programme. ASEAN Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 5(2), 60-74.
  • Oxford Dictionaries. (2016). Retrieved March 13, 2016, from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/ms/definisi/bahasa-inggeris/human-capital?q=human+capital&searchDictCode=all
  • Penang Institute. (2014, March 11). Lacking a consistent vision for educational reform. Retrieved from Malaysia Kini: https://www.malaysiakini.com/letters/256741
  • Psacharopoulos, G. (1973). Returns to Education: an International Comparison. Elsevier.
  • Psacharopoulos, G. (1981). Returns to education: an updated international comparison. Comparative Education, 17, 321-41.
  • Robinson, J. (2015, February 26). The 20 Fastest-Growing Economies This Year. Retrieved from BloombergBusiness: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-25/the-20-fastest-growing-economies-this-year
  • Romer, P. M. (1990). Human Capital And Growth: Theory and Evidence. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy. 32, pp. 251-286. Elsevier.
  • Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in Human Capital. The American Economic Review, 51, 1-17.
  • Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nation. London: Routledge and Sons Limited.
  • Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87, 355-374.
  • Tenth Malaysia Plan . (2010). Putrajaya: The Economic Planning Unit.
  • Thaib, L. (2013). Human Capital Development From Islamic Perspective: Malaysia's Experience. European Journal of Management Sciences and Economics, 1(1), 11-23.
  • The Malay Mail. (2015, March 27). Forbes writer: Weak english, school system leaves Malaysian workforce vulnerable in region. Retrieved from Malaymail: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/forbes-writer-weak-english-school-system-leaves-malaysian-workforce-vulnerable
  • The Malaysian Times . (2013, April 30). Malaysia lack of skilled workers . Retrieved from themalaysiantimes.com.my: http://www.themalaysiantimes.com.my/malaysia-lack-of-skilled-workers/
  • The Malaysian Times. (2012, September 22). Blueprint to address weaknesses in education system: Muhyiddin . Retrieved from The Malaysian Times: http://www.themalaysiantimes.com.my/blueprint-to-address-weaknesses-in-education-system-muhyiddin/
  • The World Bank. (2016). GDP growth (annual %). Retrieved March 12, 2016, from data world bank: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG
  • Wahab, A. (2015, May 13). World Class Education? Malaysia Ranked 52nd Again In Global Education Ratings. Retrieved from Malaysian Digest: http://www.malaysiandigest.com/news/553456-world-class-education-malaysia-ranked-52nd-again-in-global-education-ratings.html
  • Weinberg, B. A. (2011). Developing science: Scientific performance and brain drains in the developing world. Journal of Development Economics, 95-104.
  • Writers, S. (2011, July 6). 10 Countries Facing the Biggest Brain Drain. Retrieved from onlineuniversities.com: http://www.onlineuniversities.com/blog/2011/07/10-countries-facing-the-biggest-brain-drain/
  • Xiaoli, K. (2015). Ethnic Chinese Remigration from Southeast Asian Countries since 1960s: A Case Study of Malaysian Chinese Outflows. Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal, 1, 302-329.
  • Yeong, E. (2014, March 27). TalentCorp revises REP. Retrieved from The Sunday Daily: http://www.thesundaily.my/news/999137
  • Zakaria, Z., Hussin, Z., Noordin, N., & Sawal, M. Z. (2010). Financial Crisis of 1997/1998 in Malaysia: Causes, Impacts and Recovery Plans. Voice of Academia, 5, 79-96.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muhammad Aiman Awalluddın 0000-0002-3409-1153

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Kasım 2018
Kabul Tarihi 25 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Awalluddın, M. A. (2019). HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA: ISSUES AND STRATEGIC MEASURES. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 7(1), 201-219. https://doi.org/10.22139/jobs.481678