Islamizing an Insurgency: Considerations on Radicalization in the North Caucasus [İsyanı İslamlaştırmak: Kuzey Kafkasya’da Radikalleşme Üzerine Değerlendirmeler]

Yıl 2019, , 1 - 36, 31.05.2019

Patrick Ambrogio

https://doi.org/10.21488/jocas.557107

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu makale, Çeçenistan ve
Kuzeydoğu Kafkasya'daki isyanın 1990'lar ve 2000'lerdeki çatışmalar sırasında
radikalleşmesini incelemektedir. Sovyet sonrası dönemde, bölgedeki ayrılıkçı
hareket seküler ve milliyetçi köklerini saldı ve daha radikal ve İslamcı bir
karakter kazandı. Bu araştırma, Rus kuvvetleri tarafından kullanılan
karşı-direniş taktiklerinin isyanın radikalleşmesine katkıda bulunup
bulunmadığını ya da bu radikalleşmenin yabancı savaşçılar ve Kafkasya’ya ait
olmayan ideolojiler gibi dış etkenlerin sonucu olup olmadığını analiz
etmektedir. Kuzey Kafkasya'da Rusya Federasyonu direnişe karşı, Amerika
Birleşik Devletleri ve diğer Batı ülkelerinde ortak olan nüfus merkezli
yaklaşım yerine, düşman merkezli yaklaşım kullandı. Bu araştırma, yabancı
misyonerlerin, savaşçıların ve ideolojilerin varlığının, çatışmanın dini açıdan
ilham almasına neden olan ana katalizörler olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır. Bazı
liderler Çeçen davasını destekleme sözü veren, yabancı, İslamcı radikallerle
işbirliğinde bulunduklarından dolayı, bağımsızlık hareketinin içsel hizipçiliği
de bu süreci kolaylaştırdı. Rusya’nın radikalleşmeye katkıda bulunan direniş karşıtı
taktikleri halkı ağır psikolojik travmalara maruz bıraksa da isyanın
dönüşümünün asıl nedeni değildir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rusya, Kuzey Kafkasya, İslam, Çeçenya, isyan

Islamizing an Insurgency: Considerations on Radicalization in the North Caucasus [İsyanı İslamlaştırmak: Kuzey Kafkasya’da Radikalleşme Üzerine Değerlendirmeler]

Öz

This article examines the radicalization of the insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus. The North Caucasus nationalist and secular movement of the 1990s became radicalized and Islamized by the 2010s. This research analyzes whether or not Russian counterinsurgency tactics contributed to the radicalization of the insurgency or if this process was the result of external factors, such as the influence of foreign fighters and ideologies not native to the North Caucasus region. In the North Caucasus, the Russian Federation employed the enemy-centric approach to counterinsurgency, rather than the population-centric approach common to the United States and other Western countries. This research concludes that the influence of foreign missionaries, fighters, and ideologies was the primary reason that led to the conflict becoming religiously inspired. While the Russian counterinsurgency tactics also contributed to radicalization, they were not the cause of the insurgency’s Islamization.

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