Islamizing an Insurgency: Considerations on Radicalization in the North Caucasus [İsyanı İslamlaştırmak: Kuzey Kafkasya’da Radikalleşme Üzerine Değerlendirmeler]

Öz

Bu makale, Çeçenistan ve Kuzeydoğu Kafkasya'daki isyanın 1990'lar ve 2000'lerdeki çatışmalar sırasında radikalleşmesini incelemektedir. Sovyet sonrası dönemde, bölgedeki ayrılıkçı hareket seküler ve milliyetçi köklerini saldı ve daha radikal ve İslamcı bir karakter kazandı. Bu araştırma, Rus kuvvetleri tarafından kullanılan karşı-direniş taktiklerinin isyanın radikalleşmesine katkıda bulunup bulunmadığını ya da bu radikalleşmenin yabancı savaşçılar ve Kafkasya’ya ait olmayan ideolojiler gibi dış etkenlerin sonucu olup olmadığını analiz etmektedir. Kuzey Kafkasya'da Rusya Federasyonu direnişe karşı, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve diğer Batı ülkelerinde ortak olan nüfus merkezli yaklaşım yerine, düşman merkezli yaklaşım kullandı. Bu araştırma, yabancı misyonerlerin, savaşçıların ve ideolojilerin varlığının, çatışmanın dini açıdan ilham almasına neden olan ana katalizörler olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır. Bazı liderler Çeçen davasını destekleme sözü veren, yabancı, İslamcı radikallerle işbirliğinde bulunduklarından dolayı, bağımsızlık hareketinin içsel hizipçiliği de bu süreci kolaylaştırdı. Rusya’nın radikalleşmeye katkıda bulunan direniş karşıtı taktikleri halkı ağır psikolojik travmalara maruz bıraksa da isyanın dönüşümünün asıl nedeni değildir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rusya,Kuzey Kafkasya,İslam,Çeçenya,isyan

Islamizing an Insurgency: Considerations on Radicalization in the North Caucasus [İsyanı İslamlaştırmak: Kuzey Kafkasya’da Radikalleşme Üzerine Değerlendirmeler]

Öz

This article examines the radicalization of the insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus. The North Caucasus nationalist and secular movement of the 1990s became radicalized and Islamized by the 2010s. This research analyzes whether or not Russian counterinsurgency tactics contributed to the radicalization of the insurgency or if this process was the result of external factors, such as the influence of foreign fighters and ideologies not native to the North Caucasus region. In the North Caucasus, the Russian Federation employed the enemy-centric approach to counterinsurgency, rather than the population-centric approach common to the United States and other Western countries. This research concludes that the influence of foreign missionaries, fighters, and ideologies was the primary reason that led to the conflict becoming religiously inspired. While the Russian counterinsurgency tactics also contributed to radicalization, they were not the cause of the insurgency’s Islamization.

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