Araştırma Makalesi

Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2 30 Haziran 2026
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Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology

Öz

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic yield and cost-effectiveness of immediate colposcopy versus p16/Ki-67 dual stain (DS) triage in women with non-16/18 high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positivity and normal cervical cytology (NILM) in a tertiary care setting in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 454 unvaccinated women with non-16/18 hrHPV positivity and NILM cytology between December 2023 and May 2025. All underwent colposcopy with biopsy when indicated. A decision tree model compared two strategies: (1) immediate colposcopy for all, and (2) DS triage with colposcopy limited to DS-positive cases. DS performance metrics (sensitivity: 70.7%, specificity: 70.8%) were derived from literature. Total costs, colposcopy numbers, CIN2+ detection, and missed cases were calculated. Results: Among 454 patients, 10 (2.2%) were diagnosed with CIN2+ (7 CIN2, 3 CIN3). Immediate colposcopy detected all cases at a total cost of $7,491 with 454 procedures. The DS triage strategy required only 136 colposcopies (70% reduction) but missed 3 CIN2+ lesions and cost $24,944—a 233% increase. Conclusion: While DS triage reduced the number of colposcopies, it missed 30% of CIN2+ lesions and significantly increased costs. In under-screened, high-risk populations such as in Türkiye, immediate colposcopy remains a more effective and economically viable strategy for managing non-16/18 hrHPV-positive, NILM patients. Key words: Colposcopy, Human papillomavirus infections, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Cost-Benefit Analysis

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Izmir City Hospital

Etik Beyan

This retrospective study was conducted at the Gynecologic Oncology Surgery Clinic of Izmir Cıty Hospital, following approval by the institutional ethics committee (decision date:24/12/2025; decision number: 2025/653).

Kaynakça

  1. Kanser Taramaları [Internet]. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. [cited 2026 Mar 15]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/kanser-taramalari
  2. Sezgin B, Kinci MF, Pirinççi F, et al. Thiol-disulfide status of patients with cervical cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2020;46(11):2423-2429. doi:10.1111/jog.14480
  3. Koshiol J, Lindsay L, Pimenta JM, et al. Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(2):123-137. doi:10.1093/aje/kwn036
  4. Yüksel Y, Alan Y, Balcı MF, Alan M. Evaluation of HPV 16 positive cases. Int J Tokat Med Sci. 2024;16(3):91-96.
  5. Tidy J, Lyon R, Ellis K, et al. The impact of age and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) status on the prevalence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+). BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;127(10):1260-1267. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.16250
  6. Arbyn M, Sasieni P, Meijer CJLM, et al. Chapter 9: Clinical applications of HPV testing. Vaccine. 2006;24:S78-89. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.117
  7. Ebisch RM, Van Der Horst J, Hermsen M, et al. Evaluation of p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology as triage test for high-risk human papillomavirus-positive women. Mod Pathol. 2017;30(7):1021-1031. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2017.16
  8. Ikenberg H, Bergeron C, Schmidt D, et al. Screening for Cervical Cancer Precursors With p16/Ki-67 Dual-Stained Cytology: Results of the PALMS Study. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(20):1550-1557. doi:10.1093/jnci/djt235

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Jinekolojik Onkoloji Cerrahisi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

15 Şubat 2026

Kabul Tarihi

9 Haziran 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Özen, S., Güner Özen, E., & Sancı, M. (2026). Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology. Journal of Cukurova Anesthesia and Surgical Sciences, 9(2), 390-395. https://izlik.org/JA35RD85KR
AMA
1.Özen S, Güner Özen E, Sancı M. Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology. J Cukurova Anesth Surg. 2026;9(2):390-395. https://izlik.org/JA35RD85KR
Chicago
Özen, Süleyman, Eda Güner Özen, ve Muzaffer Sancı. 2026. “Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology”. Journal of Cukurova Anesthesia and Surgical Sciences 9 (2): 390-95. https://izlik.org/JA35RD85KR.
EndNote
Özen S, Güner Özen E, Sancı M (01 Haziran 2026) Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology. Journal of Cukurova Anesthesia and Surgical Sciences 9 2 390–395.
IEEE
[1]S. Özen, E. Güner Özen, ve M. Sancı, “Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology”, J Cukurova Anesth Surg, c. 9, sy 2, ss. 390–395, Haz. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA35RD85KR
ISNAD
Özen, Süleyman - Güner Özen, Eda - Sancı, Muzaffer. “Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology”. Journal of Cukurova Anesthesia and Surgical Sciences 9/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 390-395. https://izlik.org/JA35RD85KR.
JAMA
1.Özen S, Güner Özen E, Sancı M. Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology. J Cukurova Anesth Surg. 2026;9:390–395.
MLA
Özen, Süleyman, vd. “Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology”. Journal of Cukurova Anesthesia and Surgical Sciences, c. 9, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 390-5, https://izlik.org/JA35RD85KR.
Vancouver
1.Süleyman Özen, Eda Güner Özen, Muzaffer Sancı. Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology. J Cukurova Anesth Surg [Internet]. 01 Haziran 2026;9(2):390-5. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA35RD85KR

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