SWIFT SİSTEMİNİN JEOPOLİTİK KULLANIMI: RUSYA-UKRAYNA SAVAŞI ÇERÇEVESİNDE ALTERNATİF ÖDEME YAPILARININ YÜKSELİŞİ

Öz

Bu makalede, SWIFT sisteminin jeopolitik bir araç olarak kullanımının uluslararası ticaret ve finansal düzen üzerindeki etkileri incelenmektedir. Özellikle Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı sonrası uygulanan yaptırımlar, SWIFT’in teknik bir altyapı olmanın ötesine geçerek siyasi ve ekonomik baskı mekanizmasına dönüştüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Bu süreç, başta Çin’in CIPS’i ve Rusya’nın SPFS’i olmak üzere alternatif ödeme sistemlerinin geliştirilmesini hızlandırmıştır. Çalışmada, söz konusu alternatiflerin küresel finansal sistemde ne ölçüde kabul gördüğü, Batı merkezli bağımlılığı azaltma kapasiteleri ve çok kutuplu bir finansal düzenin oluşumuna dair sundukları işaretler ele alınmıştır. Bulgular, SWIFT’in yaptırımlar bağlamında kısa vadede etkili bir araç olsa da, uzun vadede finansal sistemin parçalanmasına ve kırılganlığının artmasına yol açabileceğini göstermektedir. Politika yapıcılar için temel öneri, finansal altyapılarda çeşitliliğin artırılması ve risk yönetimine dayalı çok kutuplu stratejilerin geliştirilmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : SWIFT sistemi
• Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı
• alternatif ödeme sistemleri
• çok kutuplu finans sistemi
• finansal egemenlik

The Geopolitical Use Of The Swıft System: The Rise Of Alternative Payment Structures İn The Context Of The Russia–Ukraine War

Öz

This article examines the impact of using the SWIFT system as a geopolitical tool on international trade and the global financial order. Particularly after the Russia–Ukraine war, the sanctions imposed revealed that SWIFT had evolved beyond a mere technical infrastructure into a mechanism of political and economic pressure. This development accelerated the creation of alternative payment systems, most notably China’s CIPS and Russia’s SPFS. The study analyzes the extent to which these alternatives are accepted in the global financial system, their potential to reduce dependence on Western-centric infrastructures, and the indications they provide regarding the emergence of a multipolar financial order. The findings suggest that while SWIFT has proven effective as a sanctions instrument in the short term, it may contribute to the fragmentation and increased fragility of the global financial system in the long term. A key recommendation for policymakers is to enhance diversity in financial infrastructures and develop multipolar strategies based on risk management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Swift system
• Russia-Ukraine war
• alternative payment systems
• multipolar financial system
• financial sovereignty

Kaynakça

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