The Development of Innovation Policies: A Comparison Through Neo-Classical and Evolutionary Theories

Öz

Regarding innovation policy debates, the dichotomy between neo-classical and evolutionary approaches has been widely accepted. In this context, the goal of this study is to analyze the policy designs at the theoretical level based on two approaches and reveal the differences in policy orientation between them. We see that the innovation analysis and policy recommendations of evolutionary approach that view innovation process as matter of effective system and institutional structure differ greatly from neo-classical approach that focuses on a linear innovation model overlooking the interrelationships between system components. This study presents that the evolutionary-based policies, which aim at improving of systemic and institutional dynamics that shape the innovation process, could yield more effective outcomes. We expect that the comparative analysis made based on these two basic economic theories will make significant contributions to the understanding of policy making processes, which provides policy flexibility for different structural contexts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Technology
• Innovation
• Innovation Policy
• Evolutionary Economics
• Neo-Classical Economics

Yenilik Politikalarının Gelişimi: Neo-Klasik ve Evrimci Kuramlar Üzerinden Bir Karşılaştırma

Öz

Yenilik politikası (veya inovasyon politikası) tartışmalarında temelde neo-klasik ve evrimci yaklaşım dikotomisinin yaygın olduğu görülür. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmanın amacı politika tasarımlarının bu iki ana yaklaşım üzerinden kuramsal düzlemde analiz edilmesi ve aralarındaki politika yönelim farkının ortaya konmasıdır. Yenilik sürecini etkin çalışan bir sistem ve kurumsal yapı meselesi olarak gören evrimci iktisadın teknoloji ve inovasyon çözümlemeleri ve oluşturduğu politika önerilerinin doğrusal yenilik modeline odaklanarak sistem bileşenleri arasındaki ilişkileri göz ardı eden neo-klasik yaklaşımdan oldukça farklı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, teknolojik gelişim ve inovasyon sürecini biçimlendiren sistemsel ve kurumsal dinamikleri iyileştirmeyi hedefleyen evrimci tabanlı politikaların daha etkin sonuçlar üretebileceği ortaya koyulmaktadır. Bu iki temel iktisadi kuram üzerinden yapılan karşılaştırmalı analizin politika yapım süreçlerinin anlaşılmasına ve farklı yapısal bağlamlara yönelik politika esnekliği sağlanmasına önemli katkılar yapması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Teknoloji
• İnovasyon
• İnovasyon Politikası
• Evrimci İktisat
• Neo-Klasik İktisat

Kaynakça

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