Endüstri 4.0 Teknolojilerinin ve Endüstri 4.0’ın Üretim ve Tedarik Zinciri Kapsamındaki Etkileri: Teorik Bir Çerçeve

Öz

Üretim organizasyonlarının geleceği, değer zincirlerinin birbirine bağlı olduğu ve üretim sistemlerinin giderek daha akıllı, özerk ve otomatik hale geldiği daha dijitalleştirilmiş bir ortamın geliştirilmesi ile küresel olarak dönüştürülmektedir. Endüstri 4.0, modern imalat dünyasında siber-fiziksel sistemlerin yaygın kullanımı ile karakterize edilen dördüncü endüstriyel devrimi ifade etmek için kullanılan terimdir. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisinin olağanüstü değişimi, ağırlıklı olarak fiziksel aktivitelere dayalı geleneksel iş modelleri bozmakta ve dijitalleşmeye doğru kaydırmaktadır. Dijital bozulma yalnızca iş modellerini ve tedarik zincirlerini etkilemekle kalmaz; aynı zamanda işletmeler ve insanlarla yeni ilişkiler ve etkileşimler de dahil olmak üzere toplumun tüm kesimlerini önemli ölçüde etkiler. Endüstri 4.0, gerçek zamanlı veri toplamak ve analiz etmek için dijital teknolojilerin benimsenmesine dayanır ve birlikte çalışabilirlik, bilgi şeffaflığı, teknik yardım ve merkezi olmayan karar verme özelliklerini içerir. Bu çalışma nesnelerin interneti, bulut, siber-fiziksel sistemler, arttırılmış gerçeklik, 3D baskı, büyük veri, otonom robotlar gibi temel Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinin üretim ve tedarik zinciri kapsamındaki etkilerine odaklanırken, Endüstri 4.0’ın bu bağlamda etkileri hakkında da geniş bir teorik çerçeve oluşturmayı hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tedarik zinciri
• Tedarik zinciri yönetimi
• Dijital tedarik zinciri
• Endüstri 4.0
• Endüstri 4. Teknolojiler

The Effects of Industry 4.0 Technologies and Industry 4.0 within the Scope of Production and Supply Chain: A Theoretical Framework

Öz

The future of manufacturing organizations is transformed globally with the development of a more digitalized environment where value chains are interconnected and production systems become increasingly intelligent and automated. Industry 4.0 is the term used to refer to the fourth industrial revolution, characterized by the widespread use of cyber-physical systems in the modern manufacturing world. The extraordinary change of information and communication technology disrupts traditional business models that rely heavily on physical activities and shifts them towards digitalization. Digital disruption not only affects business models and supply chains; it also significantly affects all segments of society, including new relationships and interactions with businesses and people. Industry 4.0 is based on the adoption of digital technologies to collect and analyze real-time data and includes interoperability, information transparency, technical assistance and decentralized decision making. While this study focuses on the effects of basic Industry 4.0 technologies such as the internet of things, cloud, cyber-physical systems, augmented reality, 3D printing, big data, autonomous robots in the scope of production and supply chain, it aims to create a broad theoretical framework about the effects of Industry 4.0 in this context.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Supply chain
• Supply chain management
• Digital supply chain
• Industry 4.0
• Industry 4. Technologies

Kaynakça

1. Abdel-Basset, M., Manogaran, G., & Mohamed, M. (2018). Internet of Things (IoT) and its impact on supply chain: A framework for building smart, secure and efficient systems. Future Generation Computer Systems, 86, 614-628.
2. Affia, I., Yani, L., & Aamer, A. (2019). Factors affecting IoT adoption in food supply chain management. 9th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management, Vietnam, 1-10.
3. Ardito, L., Petruzzelli, A., Panniello, U., & Garavelli, A. (2019). Towards industry 4.0: Mapping digital technologies for supply chain management-marketing integration. Business Process Management Journal, 25(2), 323-346.
4. Aryal, A., Liao, Y., Nattuthurai, P., & Li, B. (2018). The emerging big data analytics and IoT in supply chain management: A systematic review. Supply chain Management: An International Journal, 25(2).
5. Bag, S., Telukdarie, A., Pretorius, J., & Gupta, S. (2018). Industry 4.0 and supply chain sustainability: Framework and future research directions. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 1-41.
6. Bar, K., Herbert-Hansen, Z. N. L., & Khalid, W. (2018). Considering industry 4.0 aspects in the supply chain for an SME, Production Engineering, 12(6), 747-758. Beamon, B. (1998). Supply chain design and analysis: Models and methods. International Journal of Production Economics, 55 (3), 281-294.
7. Bell, E. (2020). Cognitive automation, business process optimization, and sustainable industrial value creation in artificial intelligence data-driven internet of things systems. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 8(3), 9-15.
8. Bi, Z., & Cochran, D. (2014). Big data analytics with applications. Journal of Management Analytics, 1(4), 249–265.

9. Bibby, L., & Dehe, B. (2018). Defining and assessing industry 4.0 maturity levels-case of the defence sector. Production Planning & Control, 29(12), 1030-1043.
10. Boyes, H. (2015). Cybersecurity and cyber-resilient supply chains. Technology Innovation Management Review, 5(4).
11. Brettel, M., Friederichsen, N., Keller, M., & Rosenberg, M. (2014). How virtualization, decentralization and network building change the manufacturing landscape: An industry 4.0 perspective. International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial Science and Engineering, 8(1), 37-44.
12. Brun, L., Gereffi, G., & Zhan, J. (2019). The lightness of industry 4.0 lead firms: Implications for global value chains. İçinde: Patrizio Bianchi, Clemente R. Durán & Sandrine Labory (Ed.), Transforming Industrial Policy for the Digital Age. Edward Elgar Publishing.
13. Chen, C. (2019). Value creation by SMEs participating in global value chains under industry 4.0 trend: Case study of textile industry in Taiwan. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 22(2), 120-145.
14. Cimini, C., Pezzotta, G., Pinto, R., & Cavalieri, S. (2018). Industry 4.0 technologies impacts in the manufacturing and supply chain landscape: An overview. International Workshop on Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing, 803, 109-120.
15. Da Silva, V., Kovaleski, J., & Pagani, R. (2018). Technology transfer in the supply chain oriented to industry 4.0: A literature review. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. doi:10.1080/09537325.2018.1524135, 1-17.
16. Dallasega, P., Rauch, E., & Linder, C. (2018). Industry 4.0 as an enabler of proximity for construction supply chains: A systematic literature review. Computers in Industry, 99, 205-225.
17. Dalmarco, G., Ramalho, F., Barros, A., & Soares, A. (2019). Providing industry 4.0 technologies: The Case of a production technology cluster. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 30(2), 100355.
18. De Paula Ferreira, W., Armellini, F., & De Santa-Eulalia, L. (2020). Simulation in industry 4.0: A state-of-the-art review. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 149, 106868, 1-17.
19. Druehl, C., Carrillo, J., & Hsuan, J. (2017). Technological innovations: Impacts on supply chains. George Mason University School of Business Research Paper, 18-7.
20. Duong, L., Al-Fadhli, M., Jagtap, S., Bader, F., Martindale, W., Swainson, M., & Paoli, A. (2020). A review of robotics and autonomous systems in the food industry: From the supply chains perspective. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 106, 355-364.
21. Fatorachian, H., & Kazemi, H. (2020). Impact of industry 4.0 on supply chain performance. Production Planning & Control, 1-19.
22. Frank, A., Dalenogare, L., & Ayala, N. (2019). Industry 4.0 technologies: Implementation patterns in manufacturing companies. International Journal of Production Economics, 210, 15-26.
23. Ghadge, A., Er Kara, M., Moradlou, H., & Goswami, M. (2020). The impact of industry 4.0 implementation on supply chains. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31(4), 669-686.
24. Glas, A., & Kleemann, F. (2016). The impact of industry 4.0 on procurement and supply management: A conceptual and qualitative analysis, International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 5(6), 55-66.
25. Gunal, M. (2019). Simulation for the better: The future in industry 4.0. İçinde: Murat M. Gunal (Ed.), Simulation for Industry 4.0, 275–283.
26. Gupta, N., Tiwari, A., Bukkapatnam, S., & Karri, R. (2020). Additive manufacturing cyber-physical system: Supply chain cybersecurity and risks. IEEE Access, 8, 47322-47333.
27. Gupta, S., Modgil, S., Gunasekaran, A., & Bag, S. (2020). Dynamic capabilities and institutional theories for industry 4.0 and digital supply chain. Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 1-19.
28. Hahn, G. (2020). Industry 4.0: A supply chain innovation perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 58(5), 1425-1441.
29. Hao, Y., & Helo, P. (2017). The role of wearable devices in meeting the needs of cloud manufacturing: A case study. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 45, 168-179.
30. Hermann, M., Pentek, T., & Otto, B. (2016). Design principles for industrie 4.0 scenarios. 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 3928-3937.
31. Hofmann, E., & Rüsch, M. (2017). Industry 4.0 and the current status as well as future prospects on logistics. Computers in Industry, 89, 23-34.
32. What is Supply Chain Management? (2020). (Erişim: 03.12.2020), https://cscmp.org/CSCMP/Certify/Fundamentals/What_is_Supply_Chain_Management.aspx?WebsiteKey=0b3f453d-bd90-4121-83cf-172a90b226a9
33. The Smarter Supply Chain of the Future. (2009). (Erişim: 03.12.2020), https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/AN4AE4QB Industry 4.0: The Fourth Industrial Revolution – Guide to Industrie 4.0. (2020). (Erişim: 03.12.2020), https://www.i-scoop.eu/industry-4-0/ Is Virtual Reality Coming to the Supply Chain? (2015). (Erişim: 03.12.2020), https://www.mhlnews.com/technology-automation/article/22051135/is-virtual-reality-coming-to-the-supply-chain
34. Market Size of Industry 4.0: in Italy from 2017 to 2019 with a Forecast for 2020 to 2022. (2020). (Erişim: 03.12.2020), https://www.statista.com/statistics/1057237/industry-four-point-zero-market-size-italy/
35. Hungerland, F., Quitzau, J., Zuber, C., Ehrlich, L., Growitsch, C., Rische, M. ve Haß, H. (2015). The digital economy, strategy 2030-- wealth and life in the next generation,. Berenberg Bank und Hamburgisches WeltWirtschaftsInstitut (HWWI), Hamburg, No: 21e, https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/121322/1/837681693.pdf.
36. Immerman, G. (2017). Why Industry 4.0 Important?, (Erişim: 03.12.2020), https://www.machinemetrics.com/blog/why-industry-4-0-is-important
37. Ivanov, D. (2018). New drivers for supply chain structural dynamics and resilience: Sustainability, industry 4.0, self-adaptation, structural dynamics and resilience in supply chain risk management. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 265. Springer, Cham. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69305-7_10, 293-313.
38. Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2019). New disruption risk management perspectives in supply chains: Digital twins, the ripple effect, and resileanness, IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(13), 337-342.
39. Ivanov, D., Tsipoulanidis, A., & Schönberger, J. (2019). Digital supply chain, smart operations and industry 4.0. Global Supply Chain and Operations Management, 481-526.
40. Janvier-James, A. (2012). A new introduction to supply chains and supply chain management: Definitions and theories perspective. International Business Research, 5(1), 194-207.
41. Jayaram, A. (2016). Lean six sigma approach for global supply chain management using industry 4.0 and IIoT. 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I), IEEE, 89-94.
42. Jones, A., Muşat, M., Corpodean, H., & Petris , G. (2020). Sustainable industrial value creation, automated production systems, and real-time sensor networks in big data-driven smart manufacturing. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 8(2), 35-41.
43. Kamble, S., Gunasekaran, A., & Gawankar, S. (2018). Sustainable industry 4.0 framework: A systematic literature review identifying the current trends and future perspectives. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 117, 408-425.
44. Karre, H., Hammer, M., Kleindienst, M., & Ramsauer, C. (2017). Transition towards an industry 4.0 state of the leanlab at Graz University of technology, Procedia Manufacturing, 9, 206-213.
45. Kayikci, Y. (2018). Sustainability impact of digitization in logistics. Procedia manufacturing, 21, 782-789.
46. Klötzer, C. (2018). Bridging two worlds: How cyber-physical systems advance supply chain management. Mobility in a Globalised World 2018, 86.
47. Koh, L., Orzes, G., & Jia, F. (2019). The fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0): Technologies' disruption on operations and supply chain management. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 39 (6-7-8), 817-828.
48. Liu, B., & De Giovanni, P. (2019). Green process innovation through industry 4.0 technologies and supply chain coordination. Annals of Operations Research, 1-36.
49. Lu, Y. (2017). Industry 4.0: A survey on technologies, applications and open research ıssues. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 6, 1-10.
50. Lukac, D. (2015). The fourth ICT-based industrial revolution industry 4.0 – HMI and the case of CAE /CAD Innovation with EPLAN P8. 23rd Telecommunications Forum Telfor (TELFOR), IEEE, 835-838.
51. Lummus, R., & Vokurka, R. (1999). Defining supply chain management: A historical perspective and practical guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 1-7.
52. Lummus, R., Duclos, L., & Vokurka, R. (2003). Supply chain flexibility: Building a new model, Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 4(4), 1-13.
53. Luthra, S., & Mangla, S. (2018). evaluating challenges to industry 4.0 initiatives for supply chain sustainability in emerging economies. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 117, 168-179.
54. Manavalan, E., & Jayakrishna, K. (2018). A review of Internet of Things (IoT) embedded sustainable supply chain for industry 4.0 requirements. Computers & Industrial Engineering. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2018.11.030, 1-108.
55. Mari, S., Lee, Y., & Memon, M. (2015). complex network theory-based approach for designing resilient supply chain networks. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 21(3), 365-384.
56. Masood, T., & Sonntag, P. (2020). Industry 4.0: Adoption challenges and benefits for SMEs. Computers in Industry, 121, 103261.
57. McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E., Davenport, T., Patil, D., & Barton, D. (2012). Big data: The management revolution, Harvard Business Review, 90(10), 60-68.
58. Mentzer, J., DeWitt, W., Keebler, J., Min, S., Nix, N., Smith, C., & Zacharia, Z. (2001). Defining supply chain management, Journal of Business Logistics, 22(2), 1-25.
59. Mishra, D., Gunasekaran, A., & Papadopoulos, T. (2018). Big data and supply chain management: A review and bibliometric analysis. Annals of Operations Research, 270(1-2), 313-336.
60. Mohamed, M. (2018). Challenges and benefits of industry 4.0: An overview. International Journal of Supply and Operations Management, 5(3), 256-265.
61. Mourtzis, D., Vasilakopoulos, A., Zervas, E., & Boli , N. (2019). Manufacturing system design using simulation in metal industry towards education 4.0. Procedia Manufacturing, 31, 155-161.
62. Müller, J., & Voigt, K. (2018). Sustainable industrial value creation in SMEs: A comparison between industry 4.0 and made in China 2025. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 5(5), 659-670.
63. Naslund, D., & Williamson, S. (2010). What is management in supply chain management? A critical review of definitions, frameworks and terminology. Journal of Management Policy and Practice, 11(4), 11-28.
64. OECD (2016). Enabling the next production revolution: The Future of manufacturing and services –interim report. (Erişim: 03.12.2020), https://www.oecd.org/mcm/documents/Enabling-the-next-production-revolution-the-future-of-manufacturing-and-services-interim-report.pdf
65. Panichayakorn, T., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2019). Mobilizing organizational performance through robotic and artificial intelligence awareness in mediating role of supply chain agility. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(5), 757-768.
66. Pereira, A., & Romero, F. (2017). A review of the meanings and the implications of the industry 4.0 concept. Procedia Manufacturing, 13, 1206–1214.
67. Pfohl, H.-C., Yahsi, B., & Kurnaz, T. (2015). The impact of industry 4.0 on the supply chain. In: Kersten, Wolfgang Blecker, Thorsten Ringle & Christian M. (Ed.), Innovations and strategies for logistics and supply chains: Technologies, business models and risk management (pp. 31–58). Berlin: epubli GmbH proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of, Logistics (HICL), 20, epubli GmbH, Berlin, 31-58.
68. Posada, J., Stricker, D., De Amicis, R., Pinto, E., Eisert , P., Döllner , J., & Vallarino , I. (2015). Visual computing as a key enabling technology for industrie 4.0 and industrial internet, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 35(2), 26-40.
69. Prause, M., & Weigand , J. (2016). Industry 4.0 and object-oriented development: Incremental and architectural change. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 11 (2), 104-110.
70. PWC (2016). Industry 4.0-Enabling digital operations: Self assessment. (Erişim:03.12.2020), https://i40-self-assessment.pwc.de/: https://i40-self-assessment.pwc.de/i40/landing/ Queiroz, M., Pereira, S., Telles, R., & Machado, M. (2019). Industry 4.0 and digital supply chain capabilities: A framework for understanding digitalisation challenges and opportunities. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 1-22.
71. Radanliev, P., De Roure, D., Page, K., Nurse, J., Montalvo, R., Santos, O., Maddox, L. T., & Burnap, P. (2020). Cyber risk at the edge: Current and future trends on cyber risk analytics and artificial intelligence in the industrial internet of things and industry 4.0 supply chains. Cybersecurity, 3, 1-21.
72. Rana, K., & Sharma, S. (2019). Supply chain performance measurement: A scale development. IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 16(1), 88-111.
73. Ranta, K. (2020). What is industry 4.0 and what does ıt mean for manufacturing?. (Erişim: 03.12.2020), https://www.marklogic.com/blog/industry-4-0-mean-manufacturing/
74. Rejeb, A., Keogh, J., Wamba, S., & Treiblmaier , H. (2020). The potentials of augmented reality in supply chain management: A state-of-the-art review. Management Review Quarterly. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-020-00201-w.
75. Ren, L., Zhang, L., Wang, L., Tao, F., & Chai, X. (2017). Cloud manufacturing: Key characteristics and applications. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 30(6), 501–515.
76. Roblek, V., Meško, M., & Krapež, A. (2016). A complex view of industry 4.0. Sage Open, 6(2), 1-11.
77. Sanchez, M., Exposito, E., & Aguilar, J. (2020). Industry 4.0: Survey from a system integration perspective. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1-25.
78. Saucedo Martínez, J., Pérez Lara, M., Marmolejo Saucedo, J., Salais Fierro, T., & Vasant, P. (2018). Industry 4.0 framework for management and operations: A review. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 9(3), 789-801.
79. Schrauf, S., & Berttram, P. (2016). Industry 4.0: How digitization makes the supply chain more efficient, agile, and customer-focused. (Erişim: 03.12.2020), https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/gx/en/insights/2016/industry-4-digitization/industry40.pdf
80. Shafiq, S., Sanin, C., Szczerbicki, E., & Toro, C. (2015). Virtual engineering object / virtual engineering process: A specialized form of cyber physical system for industrie 4.0. Procedia Computer Science, 60, 1146 – 1155.
81. Simon, J., & Omar, A. (2019). Cybersecurity investments in the supply chain: Coordination and a strategic attacker. European Journal of Operational Research, 1-29.
82. Szozda, N. (2017). Industry 4.0 and its impact on the functioning of supply chains. Logforum, 13.
83. Thames, L., & Schaefer, D. (2017). Industry 4.0: An overview of key benefits, technologies, and challenges. In: Thames L. & Schaefer D. (Ed.), Cybersecurity for Industry 4.0. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50660-9_1, 1-33.
84. Tjahjono, B., Esplugues, C., Ares, E., & Pelaez, G. (2017). What does industry 4.0 mean to supply chain?. Procedia Manufacturing, 13, 1175-1182.
85. Vaidya, S., Ambad, P., & Bhosle, S. (2018). Industry 4.0 – A glimpse. Procedia Manufacturing, 20, 233–238.
86. Viale, L., & Zaurai, D. (2020). Impact of digitalization on procurement: The case of robotic process automation. Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 21(3), 185-195.
87. Von Solms, R., & Van Niekerk, J. (2013). From information security to cyber security. Computers and Security, 38, 97-102.
88. Waibela, M., Steenkamp, L., Moloko, N., & Oosthuizen, G. (2017). Investigating the effects of smart production systems on sustainability elements, Procedia Manufacturing, 8, 731 – 737.
89. Waller, M., & Fawcett, S. (2013). Data science, predictive analytics, and big data: A revolution that will transform supply chain design and management. Journal of Business Logistics, 34(2), 77–84.
90. Witkowski, K. (2017). Internet of things, big data, industry 4.0 – innovative solutions in logistics and supply chains management. Procedia Engineering, 182, 763–769.
91. Zhou, K., Taigang, L., & Lifeng , Z. (2015). Industry 4.0: Towards future industrial opportunities and challenges. 12th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), 2147-2152.