Araştırma Makalesi
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Examining the Effects of Metaverse Tourism on Environmental Sustainability

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 303 - 310, 30.06.2024

Öz

Metaverse is not only a fairly new technological development, but also a very current research topic. Metaverse appears in various fields such as education, health sector, defense industry, tourism, aviation etc. While some studies examine the economic dimension of the Metaverse, some researches have considered the effects of Metaverse and related technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, extended reality, artificial intelligence on guest satisfaction or visitor experience. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Metaverse tourism on environmental sustainability. In-depth interview technique was used as a data collection method. The snowball sampling method was used to obtain the opinions, experiences and future predictions of experts and knowledgeable people in the field through semi-structured interview forms. The findings were examined with content analysis, and most participants find Metaverse tourism environmentally sustainable, and those who disagree point out the energy consumption and carbon footprint of technologies such as blockchain, data mining and cloud computing that support these platforms. This study presents the most striking comments of the participants and suggests future researchers examine the subject with economic, social and cultural sustainability dimensions.

Etik Beyan

This study has fulfilled all relevant ethical guidelines including statements of approval / consent.

Destekleyen Kurum

This research is part of a project carried out within the scope of 2219 International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey – TUBITAK.

Proje Numarası

TUBITAK 2219 - 2022/2 International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program - Project No: 1059B192201693

Kaynakça

  • Alizadehsalehi, S., Hadavi, A., & Huang, J.C. (2020). From BIM to extended reality in AEC industry. Automation in Construction, 116, 103254.
  • Aloqaily, M., Bouachir, O., & Karray, F. (2023). Digital twin for healthcare immersive services: fundamentals, architectures, and open issues, in (Ed.) Abdulmotaleb E. S. Digital Twin for Healthcare, Academic Press, 39-71, ISBN 9780323991636.
  • Aydın, S. & Nalbant, K. G. (2023). The significance of artificial intelligence in the realms of marketing, advertising, and branding inside the Metaverse. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 8(2), 301-316.
  • Caulfield, B., & Charly, A. (2022). Examining the potential environmental and travel time saved benefits of remote working hubs. Transport Policy, 2022, 127, 139–147.
  • Chen, A. (2020). Is virtual travel here to stay, even after the pandemic subsides? (Erişim: 18.11.2022), https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/can-virtual-realityreplace-real-tourism-during-pandemic-andbeyond. asp
  • Davies-Filleur, C. (2022, 22 September). Is the metaverse a tool for sustainable development? Polytechnique Insights. (Erişim: 18.11.2022), https://www.polytechnique-insights.com/en/braincamps/digital/metaverse-hopes-promises-and-unknowns/is-the-metaverse-a-tool-for-sustainable-development/
  • De Giovanni, P. (2023). Sustainability of the Metaverse: A transition to industry 5.0., Sustainability 2023, 15, 6079.
  • Dewailly J. (1999). Sustainable tourist space: from reality to virtual reality? Tourism Geographies, 1(1), 41–55.
  • Díaz-Díaz, R., Munoz, L., & Perez-Gonzalez, D. (2017). Business model analysis of public services operating in the smart city ecosystem: The case of SmartSantander. Future Generation Computer Systems, 76, 198–214
  • Dionisio, J. D. N., Iii, W. G. B., & Gilbert, R. (2013). 3D virtual worlds and the metaverse: Current status and future possibilities. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 45(3), 1-38.
  • Dorta Antequera, P., Díaz Pacheco J., López Díez, A., & Bethencourt Herrera, C. (2021). Tourism, transport and climate change: the carbon footprint of international air traffic on islands. Sustainability, 13(4), 1795.
  • Economist Impact (2023). Leveraging AI to optimize airline operations. (Erişim: 18.11.2023), https://impact.economist.com/new-globalisation/seizing-the-technology-imperative/case-study-lufthansa
  • Eviren, B., Bozkurt, D., & Yozgatligil, C. (2022). Sustainability of metaverse (Sustainverse), METU Culture and Convention Center, Dec. 2022.
  • García-Crespo, A., Gonzalez-Carrasco, I., Lopez-Cuadrado, J. L., Villanueva, D., & Gonzalez, A. (2016). CESARSC: Framework for creating cultural entertainment systems with augmented reality in smart cities. Computer Science and Information Systems, 13(2), 395–425.
  • Go, H., & Kang, M. (2023). Metaverse tourism for sustainable tourism development: Tourism agenda 2030, Tourism Review, 78(2) 381-394.
  • Hannabuss, S. (2000). Being there: ethnographic research and autobiography, Library Management, 21(2), 99-107.
  • Hayta, Y., & Öner, Ş. (2020). Çevresel değerlere etkileri açısından COVID-19. Journal of History School, 49, 4605-4630.
  • Kar, A. K., Choudhary, S. K., & Singh, V. K. (2022). How can artificial intelligence impact sustainability: A systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 376, 134120.
  • Karakutuk, S.S., Akpinar, S., & Ornek, M.A. (2021). An application of a circular economy approach to design an energy-efficient heat recovery system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 320, 128851.
  • Koch, F. (2021). Blockchain teknolojisinin çevresel etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Reforma, 3(91), 44–50.
  • Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E., & Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: Challenges and prospects. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4(10).
  • Lee, L. H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., Kumar, A., Bermejo, C., & Hui, P. (2021). All one needs to know about metaverse: A complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem and research agenda, Journal of Latex Class Files, 14(8), 1-66.
  • Loureiro, S.M.C., & Guerreiro, J. & Ali, F. (2020). 20 years of research on virtual reality and augmented reality in tourism context: A text-mining approach. Tourism Management. 77(2), 104028.
  • Lovell, J. (2018). Big data: A big energy challenge? Australian Energy Council: Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
  • Özdemir Uçgun, G. & Şahin, S. Z. (2023). How does Metaverse affect the tourism industry? Current practices and future forecasts, Current Issues in Tourism.
  • Özdemir, G. & Güçer, E. (2018). Food waste management within sustainability perspective: a study on five-star chain hotels, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(1), 280-299.
  • Polkinghorne, D. E. (1989). Phenomenological research methods. In R. S. Valle & S. Halling (Eds.), Existential-phenomenological perspectives in psychology (pp. 41-60). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Schiopu, A.& Remus, H. & Ana-Mihaela, P. & Nica, A. (2021). Virus tinged? Exploring the facets of virtual reality use in tourism as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telematics and Informatics. 60, 101575.
  • Talwar, S., Kaur, P., Nunkoo, R., & Dhir, A. (2023). Digitalization and sustainability: virtual reality tourism in a post pandemic world, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(11), 2564-2591.
  • Townsend, S. (2022, 29 September). Could the metaverse & web3 save sustainability? Forbes. (Erişim: 07.11.2023), https://www.forbes.com/sites/solitairetownsend/2022/09/29/could-the-metaverse--web3-save-sustainability/?sh=bdbf76364633/
  • Tozzi, C. (2022, 10 June) Will the metaverse help or hinder sustainability? ITPro Today. (Erişim: 07.11.2023), https://www.itprotoday.com/sustainability/will-metaverse-help-or-hinder-sustainability
  • UNF – University of North Florida (2023). Definition of artificial intelligence. (Erişim: 13.01.2024), https://www.unf.edu/ofe/ai/definitions.html
  • University of Cambridge (2023). New tool estimates environmental impact of blockchain networks (Erişim: 13.01.2024), https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/2023/blockchain-sustainability-ethereum/
  • UNWTO, World Tourism Organization (2013). Sustainable tourism for development guidebook, Madrid.
  • UNWTO, World Tourism Organization (2020). Transport-related CO2 emissions of the tourism sector-modelling results; OMT: Madrid, Spain, 2020.
  • Uslu, F. & Demir, E. (2023). A qualitative data collection technique: in-depth interview, Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters, 40(1), 289-299.
  • Vinuesa, R., Azizpour, H., Leite, I., Balaam, M., Dignum, V., Domisch, S., Fell¨ ander, A., Langhans, S.D., Tegmark, M., & Fuso Nerini, F. (2020). The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Communications, 11(1), 233.
  • Vlădutescu, S., & Stănescu, G. C. (2023). Environmental sustainability of metaverse: perspectives from Romanian developers, Sustainability, 15, 11704.
  • World Economic Forum (2022). How the metaverse can be a force for good in an uncertain world. (Erişim: 30.12.2023), https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/05/how-metaverse-can-be-a-force-for-good-in-an-uncertain-world/
  • WTTC (2021). Lessons learnt during COVID-19, WTTC: London, UK, 2021. (Erişim: 18.01.2024), https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2021/Lessons-Learnt-%20COVID-19.pdf?ver=2021-Retrieved
  • Xie, R., Fang, J., & Liu, C. (2017). The effects of transportation infrastructure on urban carbon emissions. Applied Energy, 2017, 196, 199–207.
  • Yang, F. X., & Wang, Y. (2023). Rethinking metaverse tourism: a taxonomy and an agenda for future research, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research.
  • Zelenka, J. (2009). Information and communication technologies in tourism-influence, dynamics, trends. E & M Ekonomie a Management, 1, 123–132.

Metaverse Turizminin Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlik Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 303 - 310, 30.06.2024

Öz

Metaverse yalnızca oldukça yeni bir teknolojik gelişme değil, aynı zamanda çok güncel bir araştırma konusudur. Metaverse, eğitim, sağlık sektörü, savunma sanayi, turizm, havacılık vb. gibi çeşitli alanlarda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bazı araştırmalar Metaverse'ün ekonomik boyutunu incelerken, bazıları Metaverse, sanal gerçeklik, artırılmış gerçeklik, karma gerçeklik, genişletilmiş gerçeklik, yapay zekâ gibi ilgili teknolojilerin misafir memnuniyeti veya ziyaretçi deneyimi üzerindeki etkilerini ele almıştır. Bu çalışma Metaverse turizminin çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak derinlemesine görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları aracılığıyla alanında uzman ve bilgili kişilerin görüş, deneyim ve gelecek tahminlerini elde etmek amacıyla kartopu örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular içerik analizi ile incelendiğinde, katılımcıların çoğunun Metaverse turizmini çevresel açıdan sürdürülebilir bulduğu görülmüştür, buna katılmayanlar ise ilgili platformları destekleyen blockchain, veri madenciliği ve bulut bilişim gibi teknolojilerin enerji tüketimine ve karbon ayak izine dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışma, katılımcıların en çarpıcı yorumlarını sunmakta ve gelecekteki araştırmacılara konuyu ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel sürdürülebilirlik boyutlarıyla incelemelerini önermektedir.

Proje Numarası

TUBITAK 2219 - 2022/2 International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program - Project No: 1059B192201693

Kaynakça

  • Alizadehsalehi, S., Hadavi, A., & Huang, J.C. (2020). From BIM to extended reality in AEC industry. Automation in Construction, 116, 103254.
  • Aloqaily, M., Bouachir, O., & Karray, F. (2023). Digital twin for healthcare immersive services: fundamentals, architectures, and open issues, in (Ed.) Abdulmotaleb E. S. Digital Twin for Healthcare, Academic Press, 39-71, ISBN 9780323991636.
  • Aydın, S. & Nalbant, K. G. (2023). The significance of artificial intelligence in the realms of marketing, advertising, and branding inside the Metaverse. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 8(2), 301-316.
  • Caulfield, B., & Charly, A. (2022). Examining the potential environmental and travel time saved benefits of remote working hubs. Transport Policy, 2022, 127, 139–147.
  • Chen, A. (2020). Is virtual travel here to stay, even after the pandemic subsides? (Erişim: 18.11.2022), https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/can-virtual-realityreplace-real-tourism-during-pandemic-andbeyond. asp
  • Davies-Filleur, C. (2022, 22 September). Is the metaverse a tool for sustainable development? Polytechnique Insights. (Erişim: 18.11.2022), https://www.polytechnique-insights.com/en/braincamps/digital/metaverse-hopes-promises-and-unknowns/is-the-metaverse-a-tool-for-sustainable-development/
  • De Giovanni, P. (2023). Sustainability of the Metaverse: A transition to industry 5.0., Sustainability 2023, 15, 6079.
  • Dewailly J. (1999). Sustainable tourist space: from reality to virtual reality? Tourism Geographies, 1(1), 41–55.
  • Díaz-Díaz, R., Munoz, L., & Perez-Gonzalez, D. (2017). Business model analysis of public services operating in the smart city ecosystem: The case of SmartSantander. Future Generation Computer Systems, 76, 198–214
  • Dionisio, J. D. N., Iii, W. G. B., & Gilbert, R. (2013). 3D virtual worlds and the metaverse: Current status and future possibilities. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 45(3), 1-38.
  • Dorta Antequera, P., Díaz Pacheco J., López Díez, A., & Bethencourt Herrera, C. (2021). Tourism, transport and climate change: the carbon footprint of international air traffic on islands. Sustainability, 13(4), 1795.
  • Economist Impact (2023). Leveraging AI to optimize airline operations. (Erişim: 18.11.2023), https://impact.economist.com/new-globalisation/seizing-the-technology-imperative/case-study-lufthansa
  • Eviren, B., Bozkurt, D., & Yozgatligil, C. (2022). Sustainability of metaverse (Sustainverse), METU Culture and Convention Center, Dec. 2022.
  • García-Crespo, A., Gonzalez-Carrasco, I., Lopez-Cuadrado, J. L., Villanueva, D., & Gonzalez, A. (2016). CESARSC: Framework for creating cultural entertainment systems with augmented reality in smart cities. Computer Science and Information Systems, 13(2), 395–425.
  • Go, H., & Kang, M. (2023). Metaverse tourism for sustainable tourism development: Tourism agenda 2030, Tourism Review, 78(2) 381-394.
  • Hannabuss, S. (2000). Being there: ethnographic research and autobiography, Library Management, 21(2), 99-107.
  • Hayta, Y., & Öner, Ş. (2020). Çevresel değerlere etkileri açısından COVID-19. Journal of History School, 49, 4605-4630.
  • Kar, A. K., Choudhary, S. K., & Singh, V. K. (2022). How can artificial intelligence impact sustainability: A systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 376, 134120.
  • Karakutuk, S.S., Akpinar, S., & Ornek, M.A. (2021). An application of a circular economy approach to design an energy-efficient heat recovery system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 320, 128851.
  • Koch, F. (2021). Blockchain teknolojisinin çevresel etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Reforma, 3(91), 44–50.
  • Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E., & Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: Challenges and prospects. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4(10).
  • Lee, L. H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., Kumar, A., Bermejo, C., & Hui, P. (2021). All one needs to know about metaverse: A complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem and research agenda, Journal of Latex Class Files, 14(8), 1-66.
  • Loureiro, S.M.C., & Guerreiro, J. & Ali, F. (2020). 20 years of research on virtual reality and augmented reality in tourism context: A text-mining approach. Tourism Management. 77(2), 104028.
  • Lovell, J. (2018). Big data: A big energy challenge? Australian Energy Council: Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
  • Özdemir Uçgun, G. & Şahin, S. Z. (2023). How does Metaverse affect the tourism industry? Current practices and future forecasts, Current Issues in Tourism.
  • Özdemir, G. & Güçer, E. (2018). Food waste management within sustainability perspective: a study on five-star chain hotels, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(1), 280-299.
  • Polkinghorne, D. E. (1989). Phenomenological research methods. In R. S. Valle & S. Halling (Eds.), Existential-phenomenological perspectives in psychology (pp. 41-60). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Schiopu, A.& Remus, H. & Ana-Mihaela, P. & Nica, A. (2021). Virus tinged? Exploring the facets of virtual reality use in tourism as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telematics and Informatics. 60, 101575.
  • Talwar, S., Kaur, P., Nunkoo, R., & Dhir, A. (2023). Digitalization and sustainability: virtual reality tourism in a post pandemic world, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(11), 2564-2591.
  • Townsend, S. (2022, 29 September). Could the metaverse & web3 save sustainability? Forbes. (Erişim: 07.11.2023), https://www.forbes.com/sites/solitairetownsend/2022/09/29/could-the-metaverse--web3-save-sustainability/?sh=bdbf76364633/
  • Tozzi, C. (2022, 10 June) Will the metaverse help or hinder sustainability? ITPro Today. (Erişim: 07.11.2023), https://www.itprotoday.com/sustainability/will-metaverse-help-or-hinder-sustainability
  • UNF – University of North Florida (2023). Definition of artificial intelligence. (Erişim: 13.01.2024), https://www.unf.edu/ofe/ai/definitions.html
  • University of Cambridge (2023). New tool estimates environmental impact of blockchain networks (Erişim: 13.01.2024), https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/2023/blockchain-sustainability-ethereum/
  • UNWTO, World Tourism Organization (2013). Sustainable tourism for development guidebook, Madrid.
  • UNWTO, World Tourism Organization (2020). Transport-related CO2 emissions of the tourism sector-modelling results; OMT: Madrid, Spain, 2020.
  • Uslu, F. & Demir, E. (2023). A qualitative data collection technique: in-depth interview, Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters, 40(1), 289-299.
  • Vinuesa, R., Azizpour, H., Leite, I., Balaam, M., Dignum, V., Domisch, S., Fell¨ ander, A., Langhans, S.D., Tegmark, M., & Fuso Nerini, F. (2020). The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Communications, 11(1), 233.
  • Vlădutescu, S., & Stănescu, G. C. (2023). Environmental sustainability of metaverse: perspectives from Romanian developers, Sustainability, 15, 11704.
  • World Economic Forum (2022). How the metaverse can be a force for good in an uncertain world. (Erişim: 30.12.2023), https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/05/how-metaverse-can-be-a-force-for-good-in-an-uncertain-world/
  • WTTC (2021). Lessons learnt during COVID-19, WTTC: London, UK, 2021. (Erişim: 18.01.2024), https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2021/Lessons-Learnt-%20COVID-19.pdf?ver=2021-Retrieved
  • Xie, R., Fang, J., & Liu, C. (2017). The effects of transportation infrastructure on urban carbon emissions. Applied Energy, 2017, 196, 199–207.
  • Yang, F. X., & Wang, Y. (2023). Rethinking metaverse tourism: a taxonomy and an agenda for future research, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research.
  • Zelenka, J. (2009). Information and communication technologies in tourism-influence, dynamics, trends. E & M Ekonomie a Management, 1, 123–132.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sürdürülebilir Turizm
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gözde Özdemir Uçgun 0000-0002-9128-2773

Proje Numarası TUBITAK 2219 - 2022/2 International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program - Project No: 1059B192201693
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 22 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özdemir Uçgun, G. (2024). Examining the Effects of Metaverse Tourism on Environmental Sustainability. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 9(1), 303-310.

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