RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE AND INNOVATIVENESS: MODERATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL OF EMPLOYEE

Öz

Innovativeness / creativity are key for organizational health. Since the technological developments mostly eliminated the complex business models, organizations are easily copying the models from each other. In such a challenging environment, organizations should create difference. There are multiple ways of creating differences but the most sustainable way is to create organization culture based on innovation and creativity. This study aimed to examine the relation between leader-member exchange (LMX) and innovativeness with the moderating role of Psychological Capital. Structured survey questions addressed to 157 employees of different companies in Turkey to gather the research data. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• LMX,Innovativeness

Kaynakça

1. Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 393-399.
2. Amabile, T. M. (1988). A Model f Creativity and Innovation in Organizations. Research in Organizational Behaviour, 10, 123-167.
3. Amabile, T. M., Hill, K. G., & Tighe, E. M. (1994). The Work Preference Inventory: Assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(5), 950-967.
4. Aycan Z. (2006) Paternalism. In: Kim U., Yang KS., Hwang KK. (eds) Indigenous and Cultural Psychology. International and Cultural Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA
5. Basu, R., & Green, S. G. (1997). Leader‐Member Exchange and Transformational Leadership: An Empirical Examination of Innovative Behaviors in Leader‐Member Dyads. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,, 27(6), 477-499. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00643.x
6. Donnelly, J. H., & Etzel, M. J. (1973). Degrees of Product Newness and Early Trial. American Marketing Association, 10(3), 295-300. doi:10.2307/3149697
7. Erkuş, A., & Fındıklı, M. A. (2013). Psikolojik sermayenin iş tatmini, iş performansı ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisine yönelik bir araştırma Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business, 42(2), 302-318.
8. Graen, G. B., & Cashman, J. F. (1975). A Role-Making Model of Leadership in Formal Organizations: A Developmental Approach. Organization and administrative sciences, 6, 143-165.

9. Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247.
10. Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-Unit-Level Relationship Between Employee Satisfaction, Employee Engagement, and Business Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279.
11. Hurt, T. H., Jose, K., & Cook, C. D. (1977). Scales For The Measurement Of Innovativeness. Human Communication Research, 4(1), 58-65. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00597.x
12. Kanter, R. M. (1988). When a thousand flowers bloom: structural, collective, and social conditions for innovation in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10, 169-211.
13. Kaygısızel, E. (2015). The Relationship Between Paternalistic Leadership Leader – Member Exchange (Lmx) And Job Stress. (Master Program), Yeditepe University, Istanbul.
14. Kinnunen, j. (1996). Gabriel Tarde as a Founding Father of Innovation Diffusion Research. Acta Sociologica, 39(4), 431. doi:10.1177/000169939603900404
15. Kirton, M. (1989). Adaptors and innovators at work adaptors and innovators: Styles of creativity and problem solving (pp. 56-78). New York: Routledge.
16. Liden, R. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of Management, 24(1), 43-72. doi:10.1016/S0149-2063(99)80053-1
17. Liden, R. C., & Graen, G. (1980). Generalizability of the Vertical Dyad Linkage Model of Leadership. The Academy of Management Journal, 23(3), 451-465.
18. Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement And Relationship With Performance And Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541-572.
19. Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W., & Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45-50. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2003.11.007
20. Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2004). Human, Social, and Now Positive Psychological Capital Management: Investing in People for Competitive Advantage. Organizational Dynamics, 33(2), 143-160. doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.01.003
21. Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work. The Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 607-634.
22. Olsson, L., Hemlin, S., & Pousette, A. (2012). A multi-level analysis of leader–member exchange and creative performance in research groups. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 604-619. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.12.011
23. Pellegrini, E. & Scandura, T. J Int Bus Stud (2006) 37: 264. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400185
24. Philippe, F. L., Lecours, S., & Beaulieu-Pelletier, G. (2009). Resilience and Positive Emotions: Examining the Role of Emotional Memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(1), 139-176.
25. Rego, A., Machado, F., Leal, S., & Cunha, M. P. E. (2009). Are Hopeful Employees More Creative? An Empirical Study. Creativity Research Journal, 21(2-3), 223-231. doi:10.1080/10400410902858733
26. Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C., & Cunha, M. P. e. (2012). Authentic leadership promoting employees' psychological capital and creativity. Journal of Business Research, 65(3), 429-437. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.003
27. Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion Of Innovations [Press release]
28. Rogers, E. M., & Shoemaker, F. F. (1971). Communication of Innovations: a cross-cultural approach. New York Free Press.
29. Sweetman, D., Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., & Luthans, B. C. (2011). Relationship between positive psychological capital and creative performance. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration, 28(1), 4-13. doi:10.1002/cjas.175
30. Taştan, S., & Davoudi, S. (2015). An Examination of the Relationship between Leader-member Exchange and Innovative Work Behavior with the Moderating Role of Trust in Leader: A Study in the Turkish Context. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 23-32. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.862
31. Tierney, P., Farmer, S. M., & Graen, G. B. (1999). An Examination Of Leadership And Employee Creativity: The Relevance Of Traits And Relationships. Personnel Psychology, 52(3), 591-620. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00173.x
32. Wang, H., Sui, Y., Luthans, F., Wang, D., & Wu, Y. (2014). Impact of authentic leadership on performance: Role of followers' positive psychological capital and relational processes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(1), 5-21. doi:10.1002/job.1850
33. Zhao, J., & Zhang, X.-c. (2010). Work Stress and Job Burnout:the Moderating Effects of Psychological Capital. Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science).