Araştırma Makalesi
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Daha Önce Ziyaret Deneyimi Olmayanlar Van Destinasyonunu Nasıl Değerlendiriyor?

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1 , 88 - 99 , 06.04.2026
https://izlik.org/JA29AU97GT

Öz

Bu çalışma, daha önce Van’ı ziyaret etmemiş bireylerin, Van’ı turistik bir destinasyon olarak neden tercih etmediklerini incelemekte, turist davranış eğilimlerini analiz etmekte ve destinasyona ilişkin algılarını değerlendirmektedir. Veriler, kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle çevrimiçi ve yüz yüze anketler aracılığıyla 426 katılımcıdan toplanmış ve SPSS 22.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve parametrik testler uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, Van’ı ziyaret etmeyen bireyler için ilk çağrışımların Van Gölü, Van kahvaltısı ve Van kedisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, katılımcılar destinasyon hakkında sınırlı bilgiye sahip olduklarını, ulaşım olanaklarını yetersiz bulduklarını ve kenti çekici görmediklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Van’ın sosyal prestij sağlamadığı düşünülürken, güvenlik endişeleri ve sosyal çevreden edinilen olumsuz deneyimlerin destinasyona yönelik genel algıyı olumsuz yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle katılımcılar gelecekte Van’ı ziyaret etme konusunda tereddüt ve kaygı yaşadıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca, turist davranış eğilimlerimde cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiş; kadınların erkeklere kıyasla daha olumlu tatil tutumları sergilediği görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra, lisansüstü eğitim düzeyine sahip bireylerin ön lisans ve lisans mezunlarına göre Van’a yönelik daha olumlu algılara sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma, Van’ın destinasyon imajını ve çekiciliğini artırmaya yönelik olarak destinasyon yöneticileri, turizm uygulayıcıları ve araştırmacılar için çeşitli öneriler sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Alaeddinoğlu, F. (2007). Van halkının turisti ve turizmi algılama şekli, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 1–16.
  • Aminudin, N., JeraJen, S., Abdul Razak, I. R. & Tarmudi, S. (2017). Effect of information source on Sabah destination image and non-visitors’ behavioural intention, Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Culinary Arts, 9(2), 1–12.
  • Ateşoğlu, İ., & Bayraktar, S. (2011). Ağızdan ağıza pazarlamanın turistlerin destinasyon seçimindeki etkisi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 7(14), 95–108.
  • Ayaz, N. & Bakar, R. (2020). Turizm öğrencilerinin şehir imajı algısı: Sinop ili örneği. Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 10 (3), 610–626.
  • Baloglu, S. & McCleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868–897.
  • Beerli, A. & Martin, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657– 681.
  • Çavuşoğlu, S., Demirağ, B. & Kaplan, M. (2023). Unutulmaz turizm deneyimlerinin destinasyon imajı, tatmin, tekrar ziyaret etme ve tavsiye etme niyeti üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi, Journal of Economics, 8(20), 176–197.
  • Cheng, P. & Qiang, W. (2018). Pre-visit destination image's effects on perceived travel service quality: the mediating effects of place attachment, The 15th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.
  • Cheng, Z. (2012). A structural analysis of motivation, familiarity, constraints, image and travel intention of Chinese non-visitors to Thailand, AU-GSB E-Journal, 5(2).
  • Correia, A., & Kozak, M. (2012). Exploring prestige and status on domestic destinations: The case of Algarve. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 1951-1967.
  • Crompton, J. L. (1979). An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image, Journal of Travel Research, 17(4), 18–23. De Souza, J., Mendes-Filho, L., & Buhalis, D. (2020). Evaluating the effectiveness of tourist advertising to improve the competitiveness of destinations. Tourism Economics, 26(6), 1001–1020.
  • Echtner, C. M. & Ritchie, J. B. (1993). The measurement of destination image: An empirical assessment. Journal of Travel Research, 31(4), 3–13.
  • Eryılmaz, B. & Yücetürk, C. (2017). Daha önce ziyaret etmeyen turistlerin gözüyle Yozgat, Yozgat Turizminin Sorunları, 58–72.
  • Eryılmaz, B. (2020). Ziyaret etmeyenlerin gözünde turistik bir destinasyon olarak Amasya. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 23(2), 422–432.
  • Fakeye, P. C. & Crompton, J. L. (1991). Image differences between prospective, first-time, and repeat visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Journal of Travel Research, 30(2), 10–16.
  • Gartner, W. C. (1994). Image formation process. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,2(2-3), 191–216.
  • Gorji, A. S., Garcia, F. A. & Mercadé-Melé, P. (2023). Tourists' perceived destination image and behavioural intentions towards a sanctioned destination: Comparing visitors and non-visitors. Tourism Management Perspectives, 45, 101062.
  • Güneş, E. & Alagöz, G. (2018). Yerel halkın turizm algısı: Erzincan’da bir araştırma. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (15), 409–442.
  • Guo, Y., Yu, M., & Zhao, Y. (2024). Impact of destination advertising on tourists’ visit intention: The influence of self-congruence, self-confidence, and destination reputation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 31, 100852.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimler araştirma yöntemleri. (5. Baskı), Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık Hsu, C. H., Wolfe, K., & Kang, S. K. (2004). Image assessment for a destination with limited comparative advantages. Tourism Management, 25(1), 121–126.
  • Hughes, H. L. & Allen, D. (2008). Visitor and non‐visitor images of Central and Eastern Europe: A qualitative analysis. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(1), 27–40.
  • Hunt, J. (1975). Image as a factor in tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 13(3), 1–17.
  • Jani, D. & Hwang, Y. H. (2011). User-generated destination image through weblogs: A comparison of pre-and post-visit images. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(3), 339–356.
  • Jin, N., Lee, S., & Lee, H. (2013). The effect of experience quality on perceived value, satisfaction, image and behavioural intention of water park patrons: new versus repeat visitors, International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(1), 82–95.
  • Kavacık, M., Zafer, S. & İnal, M. (2012). Turizmde destinasyon markalaması: Alanya örneği. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (39), 169–192.
  • Khan, A., Ashfaq, J., Bilal, M., Khan, M. H., & Shad, F. (2021). Destination image formation through User Generated Content (UGC). An updated literature review. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(2), 1223–1238.
  • Lau, A. L. & McKercher, B. (2004). Exploration versus acquisition: A comparison of first-time and repeat visitors. Journal of Travel Research, 42(3), 279–285.
  • Phillips, W. J. & Jang, S. (2010). Destination image differences between visitors and non‐visitors: a case of New York City. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(5), 642–645.
  • Proyrungroj, R. (2021). Thailand’s image from the perspectives of Chinese non-visitors and visitors. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 10(1), 49-75.
  • Selby, M. & Morgan, N. J. (1996). Reconstruing place image. Tourism Management, 17(4), 287–294.
  • Stylidis, D. & Terzidou, M. (2024). Why do individuals not visit a destination? The role of familiarity and novelty seeking in shaping non-visitors’ destination image. Journal of Travel Research,65(1), 205–221.
  • Stylidis, D., & Cherifi, B. (2018). Characteristics of destination image: visitors and non-visitors’ images of London. Tourism Review, 73(1), 55–67.
  • Taber, K. S.(2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296.
  • Tatık, E. (2024). Turistlerin seyahat motivasyonlarının destinasyon imajı ve davranışsal niyetleri üzerindeki etkisi. Turar Turizm ve Araştırma Dergisi,13(1), 60–95.
  • Üner, M. M., Güçer, E., & Taşçı, A. (2006). Türkiye turizminde yükselen destinasyon olarak İstanbul şehrinin imajı. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(2), 189–201.
  • Zhao, Y., Zhan, Q., Du, G. & Wei, Y. (2024). The effects of involvement, authenticity, and destination image on tourist satisfaction in the context of Chinese ancient village tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 60, 51–62.
  • Zhou, Q., Pu, Y. & Su, C. (2023). The mediating roles of memorable tourism experiences and destination image in the correlation between cultural heritage rejuvenation experience quality and revisiting intention. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,35(6), 1313-1329.

How Do the Non-Visitors Evaluate the Van Destination?

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1 , 88 - 99 , 06.04.2026
https://izlik.org/JA29AU97GT

Öz

This study examines why non-visitors do not travel to Van as a tourist destination, analyses their tourist behaviour tendencies, and assesses their perceptions of the destination. Data were gathered from 426 participants through convenience sampling via online and face-to-face surveys and analysed in SPSS 22.0. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were applied. Findings indicate that for non-visitors, the first associations with Van are Lake Van, Van breakfast, and Van cat. However, participants reported limited information about the destination, perceived transportation as inadequate, and found the city unappealing. Van was not seen as conferring social prestige, while safety concerns and negative accounts from their social circles led to broadly negative opinions of the destination. Consequently, participants expressed hesitation and anxiety about visiting Van in the future. Notably, significant gender differences emerged in tourist behaviour tendencies, with women displaying more favourable holiday attitudes than men. Additionally, those with postgraduate education held more positive perceptions of Van than those with associate or bachelor's degrees. The study presents recommendations for destination managers, tourism practitioners, and researchers to enhance Van’s destination image and appeal.

Kaynakça

  • Alaeddinoğlu, F. (2007). Van halkının turisti ve turizmi algılama şekli, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 1–16.
  • Aminudin, N., JeraJen, S., Abdul Razak, I. R. & Tarmudi, S. (2017). Effect of information source on Sabah destination image and non-visitors’ behavioural intention, Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Culinary Arts, 9(2), 1–12.
  • Ateşoğlu, İ., & Bayraktar, S. (2011). Ağızdan ağıza pazarlamanın turistlerin destinasyon seçimindeki etkisi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 7(14), 95–108.
  • Ayaz, N. & Bakar, R. (2020). Turizm öğrencilerinin şehir imajı algısı: Sinop ili örneği. Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 10 (3), 610–626.
  • Baloglu, S. & McCleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868–897.
  • Beerli, A. & Martin, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657– 681.
  • Çavuşoğlu, S., Demirağ, B. & Kaplan, M. (2023). Unutulmaz turizm deneyimlerinin destinasyon imajı, tatmin, tekrar ziyaret etme ve tavsiye etme niyeti üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi, Journal of Economics, 8(20), 176–197.
  • Cheng, P. & Qiang, W. (2018). Pre-visit destination image's effects on perceived travel service quality: the mediating effects of place attachment, The 15th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.
  • Cheng, Z. (2012). A structural analysis of motivation, familiarity, constraints, image and travel intention of Chinese non-visitors to Thailand, AU-GSB E-Journal, 5(2).
  • Correia, A., & Kozak, M. (2012). Exploring prestige and status on domestic destinations: The case of Algarve. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 1951-1967.
  • Crompton, J. L. (1979). An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image, Journal of Travel Research, 17(4), 18–23. De Souza, J., Mendes-Filho, L., & Buhalis, D. (2020). Evaluating the effectiveness of tourist advertising to improve the competitiveness of destinations. Tourism Economics, 26(6), 1001–1020.
  • Echtner, C. M. & Ritchie, J. B. (1993). The measurement of destination image: An empirical assessment. Journal of Travel Research, 31(4), 3–13.
  • Eryılmaz, B. & Yücetürk, C. (2017). Daha önce ziyaret etmeyen turistlerin gözüyle Yozgat, Yozgat Turizminin Sorunları, 58–72.
  • Eryılmaz, B. (2020). Ziyaret etmeyenlerin gözünde turistik bir destinasyon olarak Amasya. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 23(2), 422–432.
  • Fakeye, P. C. & Crompton, J. L. (1991). Image differences between prospective, first-time, and repeat visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Journal of Travel Research, 30(2), 10–16.
  • Gartner, W. C. (1994). Image formation process. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,2(2-3), 191–216.
  • Gorji, A. S., Garcia, F. A. & Mercadé-Melé, P. (2023). Tourists' perceived destination image and behavioural intentions towards a sanctioned destination: Comparing visitors and non-visitors. Tourism Management Perspectives, 45, 101062.
  • Güneş, E. & Alagöz, G. (2018). Yerel halkın turizm algısı: Erzincan’da bir araştırma. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (15), 409–442.
  • Guo, Y., Yu, M., & Zhao, Y. (2024). Impact of destination advertising on tourists’ visit intention: The influence of self-congruence, self-confidence, and destination reputation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 31, 100852.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimler araştirma yöntemleri. (5. Baskı), Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık Hsu, C. H., Wolfe, K., & Kang, S. K. (2004). Image assessment for a destination with limited comparative advantages. Tourism Management, 25(1), 121–126.
  • Hughes, H. L. & Allen, D. (2008). Visitor and non‐visitor images of Central and Eastern Europe: A qualitative analysis. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(1), 27–40.
  • Hunt, J. (1975). Image as a factor in tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 13(3), 1–17.
  • Jani, D. & Hwang, Y. H. (2011). User-generated destination image through weblogs: A comparison of pre-and post-visit images. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16(3), 339–356.
  • Jin, N., Lee, S., & Lee, H. (2013). The effect of experience quality on perceived value, satisfaction, image and behavioural intention of water park patrons: new versus repeat visitors, International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(1), 82–95.
  • Kavacık, M., Zafer, S. & İnal, M. (2012). Turizmde destinasyon markalaması: Alanya örneği. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (39), 169–192.
  • Khan, A., Ashfaq, J., Bilal, M., Khan, M. H., & Shad, F. (2021). Destination image formation through User Generated Content (UGC). An updated literature review. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(2), 1223–1238.
  • Lau, A. L. & McKercher, B. (2004). Exploration versus acquisition: A comparison of first-time and repeat visitors. Journal of Travel Research, 42(3), 279–285.
  • Phillips, W. J. & Jang, S. (2010). Destination image differences between visitors and non‐visitors: a case of New York City. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(5), 642–645.
  • Proyrungroj, R. (2021). Thailand’s image from the perspectives of Chinese non-visitors and visitors. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 10(1), 49-75.
  • Selby, M. & Morgan, N. J. (1996). Reconstruing place image. Tourism Management, 17(4), 287–294.
  • Stylidis, D. & Terzidou, M. (2024). Why do individuals not visit a destination? The role of familiarity and novelty seeking in shaping non-visitors’ destination image. Journal of Travel Research,65(1), 205–221.
  • Stylidis, D., & Cherifi, B. (2018). Characteristics of destination image: visitors and non-visitors’ images of London. Tourism Review, 73(1), 55–67.
  • Taber, K. S.(2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296.
  • Tatık, E. (2024). Turistlerin seyahat motivasyonlarının destinasyon imajı ve davranışsal niyetleri üzerindeki etkisi. Turar Turizm ve Araştırma Dergisi,13(1), 60–95.
  • Üner, M. M., Güçer, E., & Taşçı, A. (2006). Türkiye turizminde yükselen destinasyon olarak İstanbul şehrinin imajı. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(2), 189–201.
  • Zhao, Y., Zhan, Q., Du, G. & Wei, Y. (2024). The effects of involvement, authenticity, and destination image on tourist satisfaction in the context of Chinese ancient village tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 60, 51–62.
  • Zhou, Q., Pu, Y. & Su, C. (2023). The mediating roles of memorable tourism experiences and destination image in the correlation between cultural heritage rejuvenation experience quality and revisiting intention. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,35(6), 1313-1329.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Duygu Nural

Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ocak 2026
Kabul Tarihi 10 Şubat 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Nisan 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA29AU97GT
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Nural, D. (2026). How Do the Non-Visitors Evaluate the Van Destination? Journal of Humanities and Tourism Research, 16(1), 88-99. https://izlik.org/JA29AU97GT