Hibrit Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annus L.) Bitkisinin Verim ve Verim Unsurları Arasındaki Korelasyon ve Path Analizi

Öz

Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) genellikle ılıman bölgelerde yetişen bitkilerden biridir ancak farklı türleri farklı hava koşullarında da yetiştirilebilir. Ayçiçeğinin yüksek yağ verimi ve yüksek besin değeri nedeniyle ekim alanı giderek artmakta ve bu özellikleri sebebiyle de dünyanın en önemli yağlı tohumlarından birisi olarak sayılmaktadır. Tarımda toprakların organik madde miktarını arttırmanın yollarından biri, iyi olgunlaşmış hayvan gübresinin toprağa verilmesidir. Günümüzde sıvı gübrelerin kullanılması yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu araştırma organik gübrelerin ayçiçeği verimi ve morfolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisini incelemek ve kimyasal gübre tüketimini azaltmak amacıyla 2023 yılında Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme tarlasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma Tesadüf Bloklarında Faktöriyel Deneme Desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada patent tescilli PlantiPell sıvı organik gübresi, genetik materyali olarak Trakya Araştırma Enstitüsünde yetiştirilen SUN 2259 CL yağlık hibrit ayçiçeği çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Denemede gübre dozları dört farklı konsantrasyonda (kontrol, 15, 30 ve 45 ml/l), bitkilere uygulama şekli ise 4 farklı şekilde (2-4-6 yapraklı dönemlerde ayrı ayrı ve hem 2 hem 4 hem de 6 yapraklı dönemlerde birlikte) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada bitki boyu, sap kalınlığı, bin tane ağırlığı, tabla çapı, yağ oranı ve verim parametreleri korelasyon ve path analizi için incelenmeye alınmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre; araştırmada incelenen özellikler arasında verim ile bitki boyu (r=0.642**), sap kalınlığı (r=0.561*), bin tane ağırlığı (r=0.722**), tabla çapı (r=0.675**) ve yağ oranı (r=0.782**) arasında önemli ve pozitif korelasyon tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca path analiz sonuçlarına göre yağ oranı (β=0.523), bin tane ağırlığı (β=0.347) ve bitki boyu (β=0.135) özellikleri verimi doğrudan etkilemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ayçiçeği
• korelasyon
• path analizi
• verim

Correlation and Path Analysis Between Yield and Yield Components of Hybrid Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Plant

Öz

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a plant that generally grows in temperate regions; however, different types can also be grown under different weather conditions. Due to the high oil yield and high nutritional value of sunflower, its cultivation area is gradually increasing and due to these features, it is considered one of the most important oil seeds in the world. One of the ways to increase the organic matter content of soil in agriculture is to add mature animal manure to the soil. After animal manure is transported to the field, it should immediately spread on the soil surface and mix into the soil immediately. Otherwise, animal manure left in piles on the soil surface for a long time loses its nutrients and organic matter. This research was carried out in the trial field of Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops in 2023, in order to examine the effect of organic fertilizers on sunflower yield and morphological characteristics, and to reduce chemical fertilizer consumption. The research was established according to a Factorial Trial Design in Randomized Blocks with three replications. In this study, patent-registered PlantiPell liquid organic fertilizer and SUN 2259 CL oil hybrid sunflower varieties grown at the Trakya Research Institute were used as genetic material. In the trial, fertilizer doses were applied at four different concentrations (control, 15, 30, and 45 ml/l), and the application method to the plants was carried out in four different ways (separately in the periods when they had 2-4-6 leaves and both in the periods with 2, 4, and 6 leaves). In this study, plant height, stem thickness, thousand-grain weight, head diameter, oil ratio, and yield parameters were examined for correlation and path analysis. According to the data obtained; Among the traits examined in the study, yield was determined by plant height (r=0.642**), stem thickness (r=0.561*), thousand grain weight (r=0.722**), head diameter (r=0.675**) and oil rate (r). =0.782**), a significant positive correlation was observed. In addition, according to the path analysis results, the oil ratio (β = 0.523), thousand grain weight (β = 0.347), and plant height (β = 0.135) directly affected the yield.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sunflower
• correlation
• path analysis
• Yield

Kaynakça

1. Abdel-Motagally, F. M. F., and Osman, E. A. (2010). Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization combinations on productivity of two sunflower cultivars under East of El-ewinate conditions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 8(4), 397-401.
2. Ahmad, S., Ahmad, R., Ashraf, M.Y. and Waraich, E.A.. (2009). Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to drought stress at germination and seedling growth stages. Pakistan J. Bot., 41, 647‒654
3. Alvarez, M. D. P., Mancuso, N., & Frutos, E. (1996, June). Genetic divergence among open pollinated populations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In International Sunflower Conference 14, 230-235.
4. Anandhan, T., Manivannan, P., Vindhiyavarman, P. and Jeyakumar, P. (2010) Correlation for oil yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(4), 869-871.
5. Day, S. ve Kolsarıcı, Ö. (2014). Ankara Koşullarında Hibrit Çerezlik Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotipinde Farklı Sıra Üzeri Aralıkları ve Azot Dozlarının Verim ve Verim Öğelerine Etkisi. Toprak Su Dergisi, 3(2),81-89.
6. Doddamani, I.K., Patil, S.A. and Ravikumar, R.L. (1997). Relationship Autogamy and Self Fertility with Seed Yield and Yield Components in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Helia, 20: 95- 102.
7. Farshadfar, E., Jamshidi, B., Cheghamirza, K. and Hashemzadah, H. (2012). Evaluation of drought tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using immature embryo culture. Ann. Biol. Res., 3: 330‒338.
8. Hamadtov, G. A. F. (2009). Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Yield of some Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Hybrids. B. Sc. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum.

9. Hladni, N., Jocic, S., Miklic, V., Mijic, A., Saftic-Pankovic, D. and Škoric, D. (2010). Effect of morphological and physiological traits on seed yield and oil content in sunflower. Helia, 33(53), 101-115.
10. Hossam, M.İ. (2012). Response of Some Sunflower Hybrids to Different Levels of Plant Density. 2nd International Conference on Asia Agriculture and Animal, 4, 175- 182.
11. Kaya, Y., Evci, G., Durak, S., Pekcan, V. and Gucer, T. (2009b). Yield components affecting seed yield and their relationship in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(5), 2261-2269.
12. Kaya, Y., Evci, G., Pekcan, V., Gücer, T., Yılmaz, M.I., Şahin, I., Gencer, S. ve Çıtak, N. (2009a). Farklı çevrelerde ayçiçeğinde oleik asit oranlarının belirlenmesi. Türkiye 8. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi (s.159-163). Hatay.
13. Kıllı, F. (2004). Influence of different nitrogen levels on productivity of oilseed and confection sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) under varying plant populations. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 6 (4), 594-598.
14. Marinković, R. (1992). Path coefficient analysis of some yield components of sunflower. Euphytica. 60, 201-205. Osman, E. B. A. and Awed, M. M. M. (2010). Response of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) to Phosphorus and Nitrogen Fertilization under Different Plant Spacing at New Valley. Ass.University Bull. Environ. Res. 13(1), 11-18.
15. Rana, M.A., Khan, M.A., Yousuf, M. and Mirza, S.M. (1991). Evaluation of 26 sunflower cultivars at Islamabad. Helia, 14(14), 19-28.
16. Sincik, M., ve Göksoy, A.T. (2014). Investigation of Correlation between Traits and Path Analysis of Confectionary Sunflower Genotypes. Not Bot Horti Agrobot. Cluj., 42(1), 227-231.
17. Singh, S. B., and Labana, K. S. (1990). Correlation and path analysis in sunflower. Crop improvement, 17(1), 49-53.
18. Tyagi, S.D. and Khan, M.H. (2013). Correlation and path coefficient analysis for seed yield in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Academia Scholarly Journals 1(2), 8-12.
19. Yasin, A. B. and Singh, S. (2010). Correlation and path coefficient analyses in sunflower. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science. 2(5), 129-133.