The Effects of Synthetic Biostimulants Applied During Seedling Development of Istanbul Oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum) on Growth and Biochemical Parameters

Öz

This research was conducted to determine the effects of foliar applications of IAA, IBA, and BAP hormones at 50 ppm and 100 ppm doses on growth parameters and some biochemical parameters during the seedling development period of Istanbul oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using a "Single Factor Completely Randomized Parcels" experimental design with three replications. In the study, seedling and root lengths, seedling and root fresh and dry weights, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity (CUPRAC and FRAP) parameters were investigated. As a result of the study, it was determined that all hormones increased growth values compared to the control, and the 100 ppm dose of BAP hormone gave the highest values in all growth parameters except root length, while the highest value in root length was achieved with the 50 ppm dose of IAA hormone. The highest total phenolic content was reached with the 50 ppm application of IBA hormone, the highest value according to the CUPRAC antioxidant activity method was obtained from the 50 ppm application of BAP hormone, and according to the FRAP antioxidant activity method, the highest value was determined from the control applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioxidant
• Biostimulant
• Origanum
• Seedling Development
• Total Phenolic Content

İstanbul Kekiği (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum) Bitkisinin Fide Gelişim Döneminde Uygulanan Sentetik Biyostimülantların’ın Büyüme ve Biyokimyasal Parametreler Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Bu araştırma İstanbul kekiği (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum) bitkisinin fide gelişim döneminde IAA, IBA ve BAP hormonlarının 50 ppm ve 100 ppm dozlarının yapraktan uygulamalarının büyüme parametreleri ile bazı biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme ‘‘Tek Faktörlü Tam Şansa Bağlı Parseller’’ deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak sera koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada; fide ve kök uzunlukları, fide ve kök yaş ağırlıkları, fide ve kök kuru ağırlıkları, toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve antioksidan aktivite (CUPRAC ve FRAP) parametreleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; tüm hormonların kontrole göre büyüme değerlerini arttırdığı, BAP hormonunun 100 ppm dozunun kök uzunluğu dışındaki tüm büyüme parametrelerinde en yüksek değerleri verdiğini, kök uzunluğunda ise en yüksek değere IAA hormonunun 50 ppm’lik dozunda ulaşıldığı tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarına IBA hormonunun 50 ppm uygulamasından ulaşıldığı, CUPRAC antioksidan aktivite yöntemine göre en yüksek değer BAP hormonunun 50 ppm uygulamasından, FRAP antioksidan aktivite yöntemine göre ise en yüksek değer kontrol uygulamalarından tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioksidan
• Biyostimülan
• Fide Gelişim
• İstanbul kekiği
• Origanum
• Toplam Fenolik Madde

Kaynakça

1. [1] Sozmen, F., Uysal, B., Kose, E.O., Aktas, O., Cinbilgel, I., Oksal, B.S. (2012). Extraction of the essential oil from endemic Origanum bilgeri P.H Davis with two different methods: comparison of the oil composition and antibacterial activity. Chem. Biodivers, 9, 1356–1363.
2. [2] Duman, H. (2000). Origanum L. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, 11 (pp. 207-208). Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh.
3. [3] Sarikurkcu, C., Zengin, G., Oskay, M., Uysal, S., Ceylan, R., Aktumsek, A. (2015). Composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition activities of two Origanum vulgare subspecies (subsp. vulgare and subsp. hirtum) essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 70, 178-184.
4. [4] Skoufogianni, E., Solomou, A.D., Danalatos, N.G. (2019). Ecology, cultivation and utilization of the aromatic Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L.): A review. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47(3), 545-552.
5. [5] Bayram, E., Arabacı, O. (2021). Cultivation of Oregano. In: Oregano – The genus Origanum (Lamiaceae): Taxonomy, Cultivation, Chemistry, and Uses (pp. 462) Ed. Tuncay Dirmenci, Nova Science Publiser, Inc., New York.ISBN:978-1-68507- 315-2.
6. [6] Tınmaz, A.B., Başer K.H.C., Karik, Ü., Kürkçüoǧlu, M., Öztürk, M. (2009). Determination of quality specifications of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum populations growing in marmara region of Turkey. Acta Horticulture, 826, 153-158. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.826.21.
7. [7] Azizi, A., Yan, F., Honermeier, B. (2009). Herbage yield, essential oil content and composition of three oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) populations as affected by soil moisture regimes and nitrogen supply. Industrial crops and products, 29(2-3), 554-561.
8. [8] Beltrán J.M.G., Espinosa C., Guardiola F.A., Ángeles Esteban M. (2018). In vitro effects of Origanum vulgare leaf extracts on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leucocytes, cytotoxic, bactericidal and antioxidant activities. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 79, 1-10.

9. [9] Dutra, T.V., Castro, J.C., Menezes, J.L., Ramos, T.R., Prado, I.N., Junior, M.M., Mikcha, J.M.G. Abreu Filho, B.A. (2019). Bioactivity of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil against Alicyclobacillus spp. Industrial Crops & Products, 129, 345- 349.
10. [10] Guan, W., Ren, X., Li, Y., Mao, L. (2019). The beneficial effects of grape seed, sage and oregano extracts on the quality and volatile flavor component of hairtail fish balls during cold storage at 4 °C. LWT, 101, 25-31.
11. [11] Patrick, D.J. (2015). Plant biostimulants: definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulture, 196, 3-14.
12. [12] Mayerni, R., Eka Pratiwi, E., Warnita, W. (2015). Shoot Multiplication of Quinine Plant (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) with Several Concentrations of Kinetin on in Vitro. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 5(2), 57-61.
13. [13] Rulcová, J., Pospíšilová, J. (2001). Effect of benzylaminopurine on rehydration of bean plants after water stress. Biologia Plantarum, 44, 75-81.
14. [14] Taiz, L., Zeiger, E. (2010). Responses and adaptations to abiotic stress. In: Plant Physiology, Fifth Edition (pp. 755-778). Sinauer Associates, Inc., Massachusetts.
15. [15] Nourafcan, H., Sefidkon, F., Khalighi, A., Mousavi, A., Sharifi, M. (2014). Effects of IAA and BAP on chemical composition and essential oil content of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora HBK). Journal of Herbal Drugs, 5(1), 25-32.
16. [16] Yang, Y., Wang, Q.L., Geng, M.J., Guo, Z.H.Zhao, Z. (2011). Effect of Indole-3-Acetic Acid on Aluminum-Induced Efflux of Malic Acid from Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Soil, 346, 215–230.
17. [17] Sevik, H., Guney, K. (2013). Effects of IAA, IBA, NAA, and GA3 on rooting and morphological features of Melissa officinalis L. stem cuttings. The Scientific World Journal, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/909507
18. [18] Kumlay, A.M., Eryiğit, T. (2011). Bitkilerde büyüme ve gelişmeyi düzenleyici maddeler: bitki hormonları. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 1(2), 47-56.
19. [19] Anonim. (2024). https://www.accuweather.com/tr/tr/arifbey/320558/november-weather/320558?year=2023 (10.05.2024)
20. [20] Waterhouse, A.L. (2002). Determination of total phenolics. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry, 6(1), I1-1. [21] Sachett, A., Gallas-Lopes, M., Conterato, G.M.M., Herrmann, A.P., Piato, A. (2021). Antioxidant activity by FRAP assay: in vitro protocol. Protocols, http://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.btqrnmv6
21. [22] Ak, T., Gülçin, I. (2008). Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of curcumin. Chemico-biological interactions, 174(1), 27-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2008.05.003
22. [23] Sarker, B.C,. Talukder, M. Roy, B. (2021). Chlorophyll synthesis. growth and yield performance of summer mung bean CV. BARI MOOG-6 in response to BAP and NAA. Bangl. J. Bot, 50, 209–217. doi: 10.3329/bjb.v50i2. 54075
23. [24] Lee, H.B., Im, N.H., An, S.K., Kim, K.S. (2021). Changes of growth and inflorescence initiation by exogenous gibberellic acid3 and 6-benzylaminopurine application in Phalaenopsis orchids. Agronomy, 11(2), 196.
24. [25] Shekhawat, M.S., Kannan, N., Manokari, M., Revathi, J. (2012). In vitro propagation of Oldenlandia umbellata L.—a highly medicinal & dye-yielding plant of coromandel coast. Int J Recent Sci Res, 3(9), 758–761
25. [26] Krishnan, S.R.S., Siril, E.A. (2015). Enhanced in vitro shoot regeneration in Oldenlandia umbellata L. by using quercetin: a naturally occurring auxin-transport inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect B, 87, 899-904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-015-0672-0
26. [27] Deng, Z.C., Jin, H., He, H. (2015). An efficient micropropagation system for Morinda officinalis How. (Rubiaceae), an endangered medicinal plant. J Agric Sci Tech, 17, 1609–1618.
27. [28] Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A. (2015). Plant physiology and development. 6th edn. Sinauer Associates Inc. Massachusetts
28. [29] Sun, P., Tian, Q.Y., Chen, J., Zhang, W.H. (2010). Aluminium-induced inhibition of root elongation in Arabidopsis is mediated by ethylene and auxin. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(2), 347-356. DOI 10.1093/jxb/erp306
29. [30] Luo, J., Zhou, J.J., Zhang, J.Z. (2018). Aux/IAA gene family in plants: molecular structure. regulation. and function. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(1),259 DOI 10.3390/ijms19010259
30. [31] Anfang, M., Shani, E., (2021). Transport mechanisms of plant hormones. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 63, 102055. DOI 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102055
31. [32] Akbulut, M., Bakoğlu, N., Baykal, H., Şavşatlı, Y. (2015). Maviyemişlerde (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) çelikle üretimde farklı hormon dozlarının köklenme üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 8(2), 52-56.
32. [33] Ali, B., Hayat, S., Hasan, S.A., Ahmad, A. (2008). A comparative effect of IAA and 4-Cl-IAA on growth. nodulation and nitrogen fixation in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30(1), 35-41.
33. [34] Zhu, C., Jiang, R., Wen S., Xia T., Zhu S., Hou, X. (2023). Foliar spraying of indoleacetic acid (IAA) enhances the phytostabilization of Pb in naturally tolerant ryegrass by limiting the root-to-shoot transfer of Pb and improving plant growth. PeerJ, 11, e16560.
34. [35] Karalija, E., Paric, A. (2011). The effect of BA and IBA on the secondary metabolite production by shoot culture of Thymus vulgaris L. Biol Nyssana, 2(1), 29-35.
35. [36] Karalija, E., Neimarlija, D., Cakar, J., Paric, A. (2016). Elicitation of biomass and secondary metabolite production, antioxidative and antimicrobial potential of basil and oregano induced by BA and IBA application. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 14(4), 1-11.
36. [37] Aslam, M., Sultana, B., Anwar, F., Munir, H., Zengin, G., Aktümsek, A. (2015). Changes in Antioxidant Attributes of Mint (Mentha arvensis L.) as Affected by Foliar Application of Selected Plant Growth Enhancers. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 98(4), 374-381.