Unraveling the diversity and spatial distribution of Soil-borne Fungal Mycobiomes with response to environmental parameters, cropping schemes and cropping seasons

Öz

The arid zones are vital agricultural areas, yet they encounter substantial obstacles due to destructive plant diseases caused by soil-borne fungal pathogens. Gaining knowledge about the structure and behavior of the fungus community in the soil and its connection to these ailments is crucial for developing efficient ways to manage the diseases. This study aimed to examine the fungal communities found in soil in areas with high temperatures and multiple cropping schemes. The main objectives of this study were to provide insight into the relationship between these fungal communities, environmental circumstances, and the occurrence of severe plant diseases. Soil samples were collected from agricultural fields exhibiting disease outbreaks, and the fungus diversity was analyzed using modern techniques. The results of this study revealed a diverse array of soil-dwelling fungi, encompassing both beneficial and detrimental species. The presence of pathogenic fungi, specifically basidiomycetes and ascomycetes, in soils where disease outbreaks occur frequently suggests that they play a substantial role in the development of these diseases. Temperature, moisture, and soil conditions also affected fungal community structure and disease dynamics. These findings highlight the importance of soil-borne fungus mycobiome in forecasting and managing plant diseases. To reduce severe plant diseases and preserve agricultural sustainability in these areas, integrated disease management must include the complex interactions between soil fungus, plant hosts, and environmental conditions. To understand fungal pathophysiology and develop targeted disease preventive and control measures, a comprehensive study is required.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soil
• Fungal mycobiomes
• Cropping Schemes
• Environment
• Spatial distribution
• Characterization
• Beneficial fungi

Toprak Kaynaklı Fungal Mikobiomların Çeşitliliği ve Alansal Dağılımının Çevresel Parametreler, Üretim Sistemleri ve Üretim Sezonlarına Göre İncelenmesi

Öz

Kurak bölgeler tarım için önemli alanlardır ve bu alanlarda toprak kaynaklı fungal patojenlerin neden olduğu yıkıcı bitki hastalıkları nedeniyle önemli engellerle karşılaşmaktadırlar. Topraktaki fungusların yapısı ve davranışı ile bunların bu hastalıklarla bağlantısı hakkında bilgi edinmek, hastalıklarla mücadelede etkili yöntemler geliştirmek için çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksek sıcaklıklığa sahip bölgelerde toprakta bulunan fungal çeşitliliğin analizi ve bunların çevre koşulları ve önemli bitki hastalıklarının yaygınlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi aydınlatmaktır. Hastalık salgınlarının görüldüğü tarım alanlarından toprak örnekleri toplandı ve modern teknikler kullanılarak fungus varyeteleri analiz edildi. Bu çalışma, hem faydalı hem de zararlı türleri kapsayan, toprakta yaşayan çok çeşitli fungusları belirledi. Patojenik fungusların, özellikle de basidiomycetes ve ascomycetes türlerinin, hastalık salgınlarının sıkça görüldüğü topraklarda yaygın olduğu keşfedildi ve dolayısıyla bu durum, bunların örnekleme alanlarında hastalık gelişimine önemli katkı sağladıklarını gösteriyor. Sıcaklık, nem ve toprak koşulları da fungal topluluğun yapısını ve hastalık dinamiklerini etkiledi. Bu bulgular, bitki hastalıklarının tahmin edilmesinde ve yönetilmesinde toprak kaynaklı fungus mikobiyomunun önemini vurgulamaktadır. Şiddetli bitki hastalıklarını azaltmak ve bu yerlerdeki tarımsal sürdürülebilirliği korumak için entegre hastalık yönetimi, toprak kökenli funguslar, konukçu bitkiler ve çevre koşulları arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimleri içermelidir. Fungal patofizyolojisini anlamak ve hedefe yönelik hastalık önleme v e kontrol önlemleri geliştirmek için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toprak
• Fungal mikrobiyomlar
• Çevre
• Alansal dağılım
• Teşhis
• Faydalı fungus

Kaynakça

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