Evaluation of Nutritional Knowledge and In-Season Weight Control and Nutritional Habits of Professional Combat Athletes in Sports Injuries

Öz

This study comparatively examined weight control practices, dietary habits, ergogenic aid use, and nutrition-related approaches to sports injuries—identified as risk factors in the literature—among a total of 52 professional judo and taekwondo athletes aged 14 to 21. In this cross-sectional descriptive and correlational study, data were collected through a questionnaire administered via face-to-face interviews with the athletes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26, applying descriptive statistics, and where appropriate, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher’s Exact tests (p<0.05). Conducted with ethics committee and ministry approval, the study found that judo athletes had significantly higher weekly training duration (18 hours) and daily water intake (3 L) compared to taekwondo athletes (15 hours; 2 L) (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Injury rates were 74.2% in the judo group and 66.7% in the taekwondo group, though this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Use of sports drinks was more prevalent among taekwondo athletes (p<0.05), and timing of pre-competition weight loss differed between groups: taekwondo athletes reported weight loss within the past month, while judo athletes reported it within the past week (p<0.01). Although overall ergogenic product use was similar (42%), significant differences were observed in the purpose and source of recommendation (p<0.05). Judo athletes primarily used products based on coach recommendations for performance and muscle development, whereas taekwondo athletes followed advice from doctors or peers for general health purposes. Responses regarding nutrition and micronutrient use in relation to injuries also differed significantly between sports. Judo athletes demonstrated higher rates of correct responses on topics such as “importance of post-exercise nutrition” (p<0.01), “changes in basal metabolic rate after surgery” (p<0.05), “leucine” (p<0.01), “β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB)” (p<0.05), and “vitamin C–collagen relationship” (p<0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Combat sports
• rapid weight loss
• sports nutrition
• sports injuries
• nutrition knowledge

Destekleyen Kurum

Başkent University and the Ministry of Youth and Sports supported the study; however, no financial funding was received.

Proje Numarası

Başkent Üniversitesi KA22/227 ve 22/103 sayılı karar ve Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı E-36592570-604.02-5701161 sayılı izin

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Başkent University Clinical Research Ethics Committee as research project number KA22/227, decision no. 22/103, dated 25/05/2022. Additionally, due to the inclusion of Olympic athletes in the study group, ethical permission was obtained from the Ministry of Youth and Sports, General Directorate of Education, Research, and Coordination, with document number E-36592570-604.02-5701161, dated 27/09/2023.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the officials and athletes of the Turkish Olympic Preparation Center for their contributions to this study.

Profesyonel Dövüş Sporcularının Spor Yaralanmalarında Beslenme Bilgisi ile Sezon İçi Dönem Ağırlık Kontrolü ve Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, profesyonel düzeyde spor yapan 14–21 yaş aralığındaki toplam 52 judo ve taekwondo sporcusunun, literatürde risk faktörü olarak tanımlanan ağırlık kontrolü, beslenme alışkanlıkları, ergojenik destek kullanımı ve spor yaralanmalarına yönelik beslenme yaklaşımları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel türdeki kesitsel araştırmada veriler, sporcularla yüz yüze görüşülerek uygulanan anket formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 26 programı kullanılmış olup tanımlayıcı istatistikler ile birlikte uygun durumlarda t testi, Mann-Whitney U testi, ki-kare testi ve Fisher’s Exact testi uygulanmıştır (p<0,05). Etik kurul ve bakanlık onayı alınarak yürütülen çalışmada, judo sporcularının haftalık antrenman süresi (18 saat) ve günlük su tüketimi (3 L), taekwondo sporcularına kıyasla (15 saat; 2 L) anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p<0,01 ve p<0,05). Yaralanma oranları judo grubunda %74,2, taekwondo grubunda %66,7 olarak saptanmış ancak bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir (p>0,05). Sporcu içeceği kullanımı taekwondo sporcularında daha yaygın bulunmuş (p<0,05) ve müsabaka öncesi ağırlık kaybı zamanlaması açısından da gruplar arasında fark tespit edilmiştir. Taekwondo sporcuları son bir ayda, judo sporcuları ise son bir haftada ağırlık kaybettiklerini bildirmiştir (p<0,01). Ergojenik ürün kullanım oranları benzer olsa da (%42), kullanım amacı ve öneri kaynakları açısından anlamlı farklılık gözlenmiştir (p<0,05). Judo sporcuları ürünleri daha çok antrenör önerisiyle ve performans/kas gelişimi amacıyla, taekwondo sporcuları ise doktor veya arkadaş tavsiyesiyle ve genel sağlık amacıyla kullanmaktadır. Yaralanmalarda beslenme ve mikro besin ögelerine yönelik bazı ifadelere verilen yanıtlar da branşlar arasında anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir. Judo sporcularının “spor sonrası beslenmenin önemi” (p<0,01), “cerrahi sonrası bazal metabolizma hızı değişikliği” (p<0,05), “lösin” (p<0,01), “hidroksi metil bütirat (HMB)” (p<0,05) ve “C vitamini–kolajen ilişkisi” (p<0,05) gibi konulara doğru yanıt verme oranları daha yüksek bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dövüş sporları
• hızlı ağırlık kaybı
• sporcu beslenmesi
• spor yaralanması
• beslenme bilgisi.

Destekleyen Kurum

Başkent Üniversitesi ve Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı araştırmaya destek olup herhangi bir finansal destek alınmamıştır.

Proje Numarası

Başkent Üniversitesi KA22/227 ve 22/103 sayılı karar ve Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı E-36592570-604.02-5701161 sayılı izin

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için, Başkent Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından KA22/227 numaralı araştırma projesi olarak 25/05/2022 tarihli 22/103 sayılı kararı ile Etik kurul Onayı alınmıştır. Ayrıca araştırma grubunun olimpik sporcu olması nedeniyle araştırma için Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı; Eğitim, Araştırma ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğünden E-36592570-604.02-5701161 sayılı 27.09.2023 tarihli etik izin daha alınmıştır.

Teşekkür

Bu araştırmanın gerçekleştirilmesine katkı sağlayan Türkiye Olimpik Hazırlık Merkezi yetkililerine ve sporcularına şükranlarımı sunarım.

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