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Antrenör Davranışları: Kuramsal Yaklaşımlar, Antrenörün Sporcuya Etkisi ve Öneriler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 41 - 54, 31.12.2021

Öz

Sporcuyu etkileyen birçok unsur olmakla birlikte bunların en önemlilerinden biri antrenörlerdir. Antrenör, sergilediği davranışlar ile sporcuyu bir çok yönden etkilemektedir. Bu makale antrenör davranışları ile ilgili kuramsal yaklaşımları ve antrenör davranışlarının sporcuya etkilerini değerlendirerek antrenörlere bazı öneriler sunmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda ilk olarak antrenör davranışlarına yönelik bazı kuramsal yaklaşımlar özetlenmiştir. Sonrasında ise antrenör davranışlarının sporcunun performansı, motivasyonu, tükenmişliği, ahlaki davranışları ile takım birlikteliğine etkisi ele alınmıştır. Alanyazındaki araştırmalar ışığında antrenör davranışlarının sporcuları bir çok açıdan etkilediği söylenebilir. Antrenörler, sergiledikleri davranışlar ile sporcuların performansı, motivasyonu, tülenmişliği, ahlaki davranışları ve takım birlikteliğini etkilemektedir. Bu araştırma kapsamında ele alınan çalışmalar doğrultusunda antrenörler için çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, H. (2014). The coach-athlete relationship in the Middle East: Cultural considerations.
  • Amman, M. T., İkizler, H. C. & Karagözoğlu, C. (2000). Spora Motive Etmede Sosyal Faktörlerin Etkisi. Sporda Sosyal Bilimler. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınevi.
  • Amorose A. J. & Anderson-Butcher D. (2015). Exploring the independent and interactive effects of autonomy-supportive and controlling coaching behaviors on adolescent athletes’ motivation for sport . Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(3), 206.
  • Amorose, A. J. & Anderson-Butcher, D. (2007). Autonomy-supportive coaching and self-determined motivation in high school and college athletes: A test of self-determination theory. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(5), 654-670.
  • Amorose, A. J. & Horn, T. S. (2000). Intrinsic motivation: relationships with collegiate athletes’ gender, scholarship status and perceptions of their coaches’ behaviour. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 22, 63-84.
  • Amorose, A. J., Anderson-Butcher, D., Newman, T. J., Fraina, M. & Iachini, A. (2016). High school athletes’ self-determined motivation: The independent and interactive effects of coach, father, and mother autonomy support. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 26, 1-8.
  • Arslan, F., Ziyagil, M. A. & Bastik, C. (2018). Examination of moral decision-making attitudes of elite male basketball players and wrestlersaccording to variables of sport experience and mother, father education. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(3), 378-385.
  • Aytunga, Oğuz, Altınkurt, Y., Yılmaz, K. & Hatipoğlu, S. (2014). Öğretmenlerin eğitim inançları ile öğrenen özerkliğini destekleme davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Turkish Journal of Educational Studies, 1(1).
  • Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N. & Thagersen-Ntoumani, C. (2009). A review of controlling motivational strategies from a self-determination theory perspective: Implications for sports coaches. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(2), 215-233.
  • Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N. & Thagersen-Ntoumani, C. (2010). The controlling interpersonal style in a coaching context: Development and initial validation of a psychometric scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32(2), 193-216.
  • Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., Bosch, J. A. & Thagersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011). Self-determination theory and diminished functioning: The role of interpersonal control and psychological need thwarting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(11), 1459-1473.
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  • Cairney, J., Clark, H. J., Kwan, M. Y., Bruner, M. & Tamminen, K. (2018). Measuring sport experiences in children and youth to better understand the impact of sport on health and positive youth development: Designing a brief measure for population health surveys. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1-9.
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Coaching Behaviors: Theoretical Approaches, Coaches’ Effect on Athletes and Recommendations

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 41 - 54, 31.12.2021

Öz

Although there are many factors that affect the athlete, one of the most important of these factors is sport coach. The coach affects the athlete in many ways with the behaviors they exhibits. This article has been prepared in order to offer some suggestions to sport coaches by evaluating the theoretical approaches about coaching behaviours and reviewing the effects of coaching behaviours on athletes. Accordingly, some theoretical approaches to coaching behaviours are summarized. Afterwards, the effects of coaching behaviors on athletes’ performance, motivation, burnout, moral behaviors and team cohesion were discussed. It could be said in the light of the relevant studies that coaching behaviors affect athletes in many ways. Coaches, by the behaviours they exhibit, affect athletes’ performance, motivation, burnout, moral behavior and team cohesion. Finally, in line with the explanations made, some suggestions for sports coaches were proposed.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, H. (2014). The coach-athlete relationship in the Middle East: Cultural considerations.
  • Amman, M. T., İkizler, H. C. & Karagözoğlu, C. (2000). Spora Motive Etmede Sosyal Faktörlerin Etkisi. Sporda Sosyal Bilimler. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınevi.
  • Amorose A. J. & Anderson-Butcher D. (2015). Exploring the independent and interactive effects of autonomy-supportive and controlling coaching behaviors on adolescent athletes’ motivation for sport . Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(3), 206.
  • Amorose, A. J. & Anderson-Butcher, D. (2007). Autonomy-supportive coaching and self-determined motivation in high school and college athletes: A test of self-determination theory. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(5), 654-670.
  • Amorose, A. J. & Horn, T. S. (2000). Intrinsic motivation: relationships with collegiate athletes’ gender, scholarship status and perceptions of their coaches’ behaviour. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 22, 63-84.
  • Amorose, A. J., Anderson-Butcher, D., Newman, T. J., Fraina, M. & Iachini, A. (2016). High school athletes’ self-determined motivation: The independent and interactive effects of coach, father, and mother autonomy support. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 26, 1-8.
  • Arslan, F., Ziyagil, M. A. & Bastik, C. (2018). Examination of moral decision-making attitudes of elite male basketball players and wrestlersaccording to variables of sport experience and mother, father education. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(3), 378-385.
  • Aytunga, Oğuz, Altınkurt, Y., Yılmaz, K. & Hatipoğlu, S. (2014). Öğretmenlerin eğitim inançları ile öğrenen özerkliğini destekleme davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Turkish Journal of Educational Studies, 1(1).
  • Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N. & Thagersen-Ntoumani, C. (2009). A review of controlling motivational strategies from a self-determination theory perspective: Implications for sports coaches. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(2), 215-233.
  • Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N. & Thagersen-Ntoumani, C. (2010). The controlling interpersonal style in a coaching context: Development and initial validation of a psychometric scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32(2), 193-216.
  • Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., Bosch, J. A. & Thagersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011). Self-determination theory and diminished functioning: The role of interpersonal control and psychological need thwarting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(11), 1459-1473.
  • Barut, A. İ. (2018). Farklı hedef yönelimlerine sahip unilig erkek basketbolcularının algılanan liderlik davranışı ve antrenör davranışlarını değerlendirmelerinin karşılaştırılması. Mersin Üniversitesi, Eğitm Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Mersin.
  • Bekiari, A. & Syrmpas, I. (2015). Coaches' verbal aggressiveness and motivational climate as predictors of athletes’ satisfaction. Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 318-329. Bentley, J. (2003). İnsanları Motive Etme (Çev. O. Yıldırım). İstanbul: Hayat Yayınevi.
  • Black, S. J. & Weiss, M. R. (1992). The relationship among perceived coaching behaviors, perceptions of ability, and motivation in competitive age-group swimmers. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(3), 309- 325.
  • Cairney, J., Clark, H. J., Kwan, M. Y., Bruner, M. & Tamminen, K. (2018). Measuring sport experiences in children and youth to better understand the impact of sport on health and positive youth development: Designing a brief measure for population health surveys. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1-9.
  • Çalışkan, G. (2001). Liderlik açısından antrenör davranışlarının sporcu performansı üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kütahya.
  • Canlı, U., Taşkın, C. & Kurt, C. (2021). Çoklu beceri hareket eğitimi programı: okul öncesi çocuklarda vücut kompozisyonu ve motor performans değişimleri. Uluslararası Bozok Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 156-167.
  • Carlson, C. (2011). The “playing” field: Attitudes, activities, and the conflation of play and games. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 38(1), 74-87.
  • Çelik, V. O. (2015). Spor alanında karizmatik liderlerin grup bütünlüğü üzerindeki etkileri. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 14(3), 104-122.
  • Chan, D. K. C., Dimmock, J. A., Donovan, R. J., Hardcastle, Sarah, Lentillon-Kaestner, V. & Hagger, M. S. (2015). Self-determined motivation in sport predicts anti-doping motivation and intention: A Perspective From The Trans-Contextual Model. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(3), 315-322.
  • Chelladurai, P. (1984). Discrepancy between preferences and perceptions of leadership behavior and satisfaction of athletes in varying sports. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(1), 27-41.
  • Chelladurai, P. (1990). Leadership in sports: a review of relevant research. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21, 328- 354. Chelladurai, P. (1993). Leadership. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphy & L. K. Tennant (Eds.). Handbook Of Research On Sport Psychology (Pp. 647-671).
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  • Jowett, S. Ve Cockerill, M. (2003). Olympic medallists’ perspective of the athlete–coach relationship. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4, 313–331.
  • Jowett, S., & Meek, G. A. (2000). The coach-athlete relationship in married couples: An exploratory content analysis. The Sport Psychologist, 14(2), 157-175.
  • Karakoç, Ö., Yüksek, S., Aydın, A. D., Karakoç, B., Yetiş, Ü. & Baydil, B. (2011). Milli takım düzeyindeki erkek judocuların kulüp antrenörlerinde gözlemledikleri etik dışı davranışlar. Kastmonu Eğitim Dergisi, 19(1), 321-332.
  • Kipp, L. E. & Weiss, M. R. (2013). Social influences, psychological need satisfaction, and well-being among female adolescent gymnasts. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 2(1), 62.
  • Kırkbir, F., Zengin, S., & Aydemir, B. (2021). Elit seviyedeki tekwondo sporcularına göre antrenör davranışlarının incelenmesi. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 5(2), 66-73.
  • Koç, Ş. (1994). Spor psikolojisine giriş. Saray Medikal Yayıncılık.Konter, E. (2006). Spor Psikolojisi El Kitabı. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları. Kosiewicz, J. (2014). Sport beyond moral good and evil. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 62(1), 22-30.
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  • Lumpkin, A., Stoll, K. S., Beller. & M. J. (2003). Sport ethics: application for fair play (3rd Ed.). USA: Mcgrawhill.
  • Lyle J. (2002). Sports Coaching Concepts: A Framework for Coaches’ Behavior , Routledge, London,.
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  • Quested E, Duda JL. (2011). Perceived autonomy support, motivation regulations and the self-evaluative tendencies of student dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 15(1), 3-14.
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  • Sunay, H. (2013). Coaching practises of first and second leauge women-men volleyball coaches in Turkey. Life Sciences Journal. 10(7):556-561.
  • Taylor, B. (2006). Coaching. In Ferrero, F. (Ed.). British canoe union, coaching handbook. Wales: Pesda Press.
  • The United Kingdom Coaching Strategy Association (2002, April).Sport Coach, Coaching. Retrieved April 26, 2002, web: http,//www.brainmac.demon.co.uk/coaching.htm
  • Thompson, J. (1995). Positive coaching: Building character and self-esteem through sports. Balance Sports Pub.
  • Treassure, D. & Roberts, G.C. (1998). Relationship between female adolescents achievement goal orientations, perceptions of motivationale climate, belief about succes and sources of satisfaction in basketball. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29(3), 211-230.
  • Vallerand, R. J. & Losier, G. F. (1999). An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11(1), 142-169.
  • Vealey, R. S., Armstrong, L., Comar, W. & Greenleaf, C. A. (1998). Influence of perceived coaching behaviors on burnout and competitive anxiety in female college athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10(2), 297-318.
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  • Weiss, M. R. & Friedrichs, W. D. (1986). The influence of leader behaviors, coach attributes, and institutional variables on performance and satisfaction of collegiate basketball teams. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8(4), 332-346.
  • West, L. (2016). Coach-athlete communication: Coaching style, leadership characteristics, and psychological outcomes.
Toplam 92 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Tuğçenur Kalkan Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0322-9890

İhsan Sarı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9090-8447

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kalkan, T., & Sarı, İ. (2021). Antrenör Davranışları: Kuramsal Yaklaşımlar, Antrenörün Sporcuya Etkisi ve Öneriler. Egzersiz Ve Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 41-54.