The Effect of Sagittal and Frontal Plane Plyometric Trainings on Change of Direction and Reactive Speed Performance in Young Male Basketball Players

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 44 - 53, 30.12.2022

Burak Kaya Ertuğrul Gelen

Öz

Plyometric training is one of the methods applied to increase the muscle strength and direction change performance of young and adult basketball players. The direction of trainings (frontal and sagittal) has always been a subject of a discussion. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of change of direction and reactive speed performance with plyometric training on young basketball players in sagittal and frontal planes. 30 young basketball players (Age 15.5±0.5 years, height 174.7±4.2 cm, weight 71.3±6.9 kg) joined voluntarily and separated randomly into 3 groups of 10 individuals in each group. While the groups, which did the plyometric trainings in frontal (FPT) and sagittal (SGT) planes, managed to do 2 days a week plyometric training during a 6-week period, the control group (CG) did not attend plyometric trainings. Tests carried out for change of direction and reactive speed performance before the start and after the completion of trainings. The values of reactive speed performance and measured change of direction (3 groups and 2 periods) evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) in two different periods (pre-test and post-test) with the three groups mentioned. Prior to plyometric training applications, statistical difference is not coincided in terms of both change of direction and reactive speed performance. (p<0.05) Following the completion of plyometric trainings in frontal and sagittal planes, while both change of direction and reactive speed increasing (p>0.05), statistical difference is not coincided in control application. (p<0.05) There is more benefit in plyometric trainings practiced in frontal plane on opposed to sagittal plane. As a result, including plyometric training in frontal and sagittal planes into basketball players practice increases the performance of change of direction and reactive speed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agility, Basketball, Change Of Direction, Reactive Speed, Side-Forward Movement

Genç Erkek Basketbolcularda Sagital ve Frontal Düzlemlerde Uygulanan Plyometrik Antrenmanların Yön Değiştirme ve Reaktif Sürat Performanslarına Etkisi

Öz

Plyometrik antrenmanlar hem genç hem de yetişkin basketbolcularda kas gücünü ve yön değiştirme performansını artırmak için kullanılmıştır. Bu antrenmanların yapılış yönü (Frontal yada Segital) her zaman tartışma konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, genç erkek basketbolculara sagital ve frontal düzlemde uygulanan plyometrik antrenmanların yön değiştirme ve reaktif sürat performanslarına etkisinin incelenmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaya otuz erkek genç basketbolcu (yaş 15.5±0.5 yıl, boy 174.7±4.2 cm, ağırlık 71.3±6.9 kg) gönüllü olarak katılmış ve sporcular tesadüfi yöntemiyle 10’ar kişilik üç gruba ayrılmışlardır. Frontal (FPA) ve Sagital (SPA) düzlemde plyometrik antrenman yapan gruplar 6 hafta boyunca haftada 2 gün plyometrik antrenman yaparken, Kontrol (KG) grubu plyometrik antrenmanlara katılmamıştır. Tüm gruplar antrenmanlara başlamadan ve tamamlanmasından sonra yön değişimi ve reaktif sürat performans testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Üç grubun, 2 farklı zamanda (ön ve son testler) ölçülen yön değişimi ve reaktif sürat performans değerleri (3 grup x 2 zaman) Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Plyometrik antrenmanların uygulanmasından önce hem yön değişimi hem de reaktif sürat performansları açısından istatistiksel farka rastlanmamıştır (p<0.05). Frontal ve Segital düzlemde yapılan plyometrik antrenmanların tamamlanmasından sonra hem yön değişimi hem de reaktif sürat performansları artarken (p>0.05), kontrol uygulamasında istatistiksel farka rastlanmamıştır (p<0.05). Frontal düzlemde yapılan plyometrik antrenmanların, Segital düzleme göre kazancın daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, basketbol oyuncularının çalışmalarına frontal ve sagital düzlemlerde plyometrik antrenmanın dahil edilmesi yön değiştirme ve reakstif sürat performanslarını arttırabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çeviklik, Basketbol, Yön Değiştirme, Reaktif sürat, Yanal-İleri Hareketler

Kaynakça

• Adams, K., O’shea, J.P., O’shea, K.L. & Climstein, M.. (1992). The effects of six weeks of squat, plyometric and squat plyometric training on power production. Journal of Applied Sport Science Research, 6(1), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287%281992%29006%3C0036%3ATEOSWO%3E2.3.CO%3B2
• Almoslim, H., (2006). Effect of combined plyometric-sprint and combined plyometric-resistance training protocols on speed, explosive power and change of direction. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(32), 1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i32/90040
• Asadi, A., Arazi, H., Young, WB. & Villarreal, ES. (2016). The effects of plyometric training on change of direction ability: Meta analysis. International Jornal Of Sports Physiology An Performance. 11(5), 563-573. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0694
• Asadi, A., Arazi. H, Rodrigo, RC., Jason, M. & Mikel, I. (2017). Influence of maturation stage on agility performance gains after plyometric training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(9), 2609-2617. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001994
• Bavlı, Ö. (2012). Basketbol antrenmaniyla birleştirilmiş plyometrik çalişmalarin bazi biyomotorik özellikler üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences. 3(2), 90-100. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/psbd/issue/20577/219226
• Ben Abdelkrim, N., El Fazaa, S. & El Ati, J. (2007). Time-motion analysis and physiological data of elite under-19-year-old basketball players during competition. British Jornal of Sport Medicine, 41(2), 69-75. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.032318
• Bogdanis, GC., Dont,i O., Papia, A., Donti, A., Apostolidis, N. & Sands, WA. (2019). Effect of plyometric training on jumping, sprinting and change of direction speed in child female athletes. Sports (Basel), 7(5), 116. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fsports7050116
• Brughelli, M., Cronin, J., Levin, G. & Chaouachi, A. (2008). Understanding change of.direction ability in sport: a review of resistance training studies. Sports Medical, 38(12), 1045–1063. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838120-00007
• Chaabene, H., Negra, Y., Moran, J., Prieske, O., Sammoud, S., Ramirez-Campillo, R. & Granacher, U. (2019). Plyometric training ımproves not only measures of linear speed, power, and change-of-direction speed but also repeated sprint ability in female young handball players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(8), 2230-2235. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003128
• Cherni, Y., Jlid, MC., Mehrez, H., Shephard, RJ., Paillard, T., Chelly, MS. & Hermassi, S. (2019). Eight weeks of plyometric training improves ability to change direction and dynamic postural control in female basketball players. Front in Physiology, 10, 726. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00726
• Dündar, U. (1999). Basketbolda Kondisyon. Ankara: Bağırgan Yayımevi.
• Falch, HN., Rædergård, HG. & Van Den Tillaar, R. (2020). Association of strength and plyometric exercises with change of direction performances. Jornal Plos One. 15(9), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238580
• Fisher, J. & Wallin, M. (2014). Unilateral versus bilateral lower-body resistance and plyometric training for change of direction speed. Journal of Athletic Enhancement, 3(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2324-9080.1000174
• Hammamı, M., Negra, Y., Aouadı, R., Shephard, R. J. & Chelly, M. S. (2016). Effects of an in-season plyometric training program on repeated change of direction and sprint performance in the junior soccer player. Jornal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(12), 3312-3320. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001470
• Hammami, M., Gaamouri, N., Aloui, G., Shephard, R. J. & Chelly, M. S. (2018). Effects of combined plyometric and short sprint with change-of-direction training on athletic performance of male 15 handball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(3), 662-675. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002870
• Jones, P., Bampouras, T.M. & Marrin, K. (2009). An investigaition into the physical determinants of change of direction speed. Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 49(1), 97-104. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19188902/
• Kargarfard, M., Tajvand, S., Rabbani, A., Clemente, FM. & Jalilvand, F. (2020). Effects of combined plyometric and speed training on change of direction, linear speed, and repeated sprint ability in young soccer players: A pilot study. Kinesiology, 52(1), 85-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.52.1.11
• Keller, S., Koop, A., Corak, D., Schöning, V. V. & Born, D. P. (2018). How to ımprove change-of-direction speed in junior team sport athletes—frontal, vertical, maximal, or explosive strength training? Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(2), 473-482. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002814
• Khlifa, R., Aouadi, R., Hermasi, S. & Chelly, M,S., (2010). Effects of a plyometric training program with and without added load on jumping ability in basketball players. The Jornal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(11), 2955-2961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e37fbe
• Kim, S., Rhi, S. Y., Kim, J. & Chung, J. S. (2022). Plyometric training effects on physical fitness and muscle damage in high school baseball players. Physical Activity and Nutrition, 26(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.20463%2Fpan.2022.0001
• Kozinc, Ž., Smajla, D. & Šarabon, N. (2021). The relationship between lower limb maximal and explosive strength and change of direction ability: Comparison of basketball and tennis players, and long-distance runners. Jornal Plos One. 16(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256347
• Locano, A. D., Martone, D., Mılıc, M. & Padulo, J. (2016). Vertical vs. frontal orianted drop jump training: chronic effects on explosive performances of elite handball players. Jornal of Strength And Conditioning Research, 31(4), 921-931. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001555
• Lorenzo, J., Lorenzo, A., Conte, D. & Giménez, M. (2019). Long-Term Analysis of Elite Basketball Player’s Game-Related Statistics Throughout Their Careers. Front Psychol. 10.421. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00421
• Makhlouf, I., Chaouachi, A., Chaouachi, M., B, Othman, A., Granacher, U. & Behm, D. G. (2018). Combination of agility and plyometric training provides similar training benefits as combined balance and plyometric training in young soccer players. Front in Physiology, 13(9), 1611. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01611
• Manouras, N., Papanıkolaou, Z., Karatrantou, K., Kouvarakıs, P. & Gerodımos, V. (2016). The Efficacy of vertical vs. frontal plyometric training on speed, jumping performance and agility in soccer players. International Jornal of Sports Science&Coaching, 11(5), 702-709. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954116667108
• Mccormick, B.T., Hannon, J. C., Newton, N., Shultz, B., Detlıng, N. & Young, W. B. (2016). The effect of frontal and sagittal- plane plyometrics on change of direction speed and power in adolesant famale basketball players. International Jornal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(1), 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0058
• Ramírez-Campillo, R., Burgos, C. H., Henríquez-Olguín, C., Andrade, D. C., Martínez, C., Álvarez, C., Castro-Sepúlveda, M., Marques, M. C. & Izquierdo, M. (2015). Effect of unilateral, bilateral, and combined plyometric training on explosive and endurance performance of young soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 29(5), 1317–1328. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000762
• Salmela, V. (2018). Effects of agility, change of directıon and combinatıon traınıng on agility ın adolescent football players. Jyväskylä Üniversitesi Fiziksel Aktivite Bölümü Yüksek Lisans Tezi. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201806012973
• Salonikidis, K. & Zafeiridis, A. (2008). The effects of plyometric, tennis-drills, and combined training on reaction, lateral and linear speed, power, and strength in novice tennis players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(1), 182-91. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31815f57ad
• Sert, V. (2016). Genç tenis oyuncularında bacak gücü ve katiliği: sürat ve çeviklik performansı ile ilişkisi (Yayımlanmamış Yükseklisans Tezi). Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya Üniversitesi. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12619/91237
• Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: classifications, training and testing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(9), 919–932. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500457109
• Singh, J., Appleby, BB. & Lavender, AP. (2018). Effect of plyometric training on speed and change of direction ability in elite field hockey players. Sports (Basel), 6(4), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040144
• Spiteri, T., Nimphius, S., Hart, N.H., Specos, C., Sheppard, J. M. & Newton, R. U. (2014). Contribution of strength characteristics to change of direction and agility performance in female basketball athletes. Jornal of Strength Condition Research, 28(9), 2415-2423. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000547
• Taşer, H. (2004). Basketbol ve Kondisyon. Ankara: Bağırgan Yayımevi.
• Young, W.B. James, R. & Montgomery, I. (2002). Is muscle power related to running speed with changes of direction? Journal of Sports Medicine Physical Fitness, 42(3), 282-288. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12094116/