Uzun Süreli Eğitim Almış Sağ Elini Kullanan Piyanistler ile Yaşça Eşleştirilmiş Müzisyen Olmayan Bireyler Arasında Basit İşitsel Reaksiyon Sürelerindeki Farklılıklar

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 , 42 - 51 , 30.03.2026

Emine Atıcı , İlker Çoban , Lamia Pınar , Naci Madanoğlu , Işınsu Karaoğlu , Güldal Inal Gültekin , Ahmet Cüneyt Akgöl

https://doi.org/10.58770/joinihp.1870916

https://izlik.org/JA87ZA75SC

Öz

Bu çalışma, uzun süreli piyano eğitiminin sağ elini kullanan bireylerde sabit ve rastgele işitsel uyaranlara yanıt olarak işitsel reaksiyon zamanları (RZ) ve eller arası performans simetrisi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışmada, sağ elini kullanan piyanistler (n = 10) ve yaşa göre eşleştirilmiş sağ elini kullanan müzikle uğraşmayan bireyler (n = 20) üzerinde hem sabit hem de rastgele işitsel uyaranlara yanıt olarak sağ ve sol el reaksiyon zamanları ölçüldü. Her iki elin reaksiyon zamanları standart bir işitsel RZ değerlendirme sistemi kullanılarak kaydedildi. Piyanistler, hem rastgele (p = 0,0012) hem de sabit uyaranlar (p = 0,0212) için sağ el reaksiyon zamanlarında müzikle uğraşmayanlara kıyasla anlamlı olarak daha kısa süreler gösterdi. Grup içi karşılaştırmalar, hem piyanistler (p = 0,0443) hem de müzikle uğraşmayanlar (p = 0,0364) için sağ elde rastgele–sabit uyaranlar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu gösterdi. El karşılaştırması analizleri, piyanistler arasında rastgele uyaranlara yanıt olarak sağ–sol el farkının anlamlı olmadığını (p = 0,9268), müzikle uğraşmayanlarda ise sol elin sağ elden anlamlı şekilde daha hızlı yanıt verdiğini ortaya koydu (p = 0,0296). Sabit uyaran koşullarında, piyanistlerin sağ eli sol elden anlamlı şekilde daha hızlıdır (p = 0,0075). Bu bulgular, sağ hemisferin duyusal-motor entegrasyon ve dikkat süreçlerindeki hızıyla açıklanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Piyanistler , reaksiyon süresi , işitsel uyaran , motor kontrol , el dominansı

Differences in Simple Auditory Reaction Times Between Long- Term Trained Right-Handed Pianists and Age-Matched Non- Musicians

https://izlik.org/JA87ZA75SC

Öz

This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term piano training on auditory reaction times (RTs) and inter-hand performance symmetry in response to fixed and random auditory stimuli in right-handed individuals. In this study, we measured the reaction times of the right and left hands of right-handed pianists (n = 10) and age-matched right-handed non-musicians (n = 20) in response to both fixed and random auditory stimuli. Reaction times of both right and left hands were recorded using a standardized auditory RT assessment system. Pianists demonstrated significantly shorter right-hand reaction times than non-pianists for both random (p = 0.0012) and fixed stimuli (p = 0.0212).Within-group comparisons showed significant random–fixed differences for the right hand in both pianists (p = 0.0443) and non-pianists (p = 0.0364). Hand comparison analyses revealed no significant right–left difference among pianists in response to random stimuli (p = 0.9268), while non-pianists responded significantly faster with the left hand (p = 0.0296). Under fixed-stimulus conditions, pianists’ right hand was significantly faster than the left (p = 0.0075). These findings may be explained by the right hemisphere's speed in sensory-motor integration and attention.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pianists , reaction time , auditory stimulus , motor control , hand dominance

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval was obtained from the Istanbul Okan University Ethics Committee (Decision No: 149, Date: 09.02.2022).

Kaynakça

• Abrams, D. A., Nicol, T., Zecker, S., & Kraus, N. (2008). Right-Hemisphere Auditory Cortex Is Dominant for Coding Syllable Patterns in Speech. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28(15), 3958–3965. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0187-08.2008
• Bangert, M., Peschel, T., Schlaug, G., Rotte, M., Drescher, D., Hinrichs, H., Heinze, H.-J., & Altenmüller, E. (2006). Shared networks for auditory and motor processing in professional pianists: Evidence from fMRI conjunction. NeuroImage, 30(3), 917–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.044
• Bengtsson, S. L., Nagy, Z., Skare, S., Forsman, L., Forssberg, H., & Ullén, F. (2005). Extensive piano practicing has regionally specific effects on white matter development. Nature Neuroscience, 8(9), 1148–1150. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1516
• Chouamo, A. K., Griego, S., & Lopez, F. S. M. (2021). Reaction time and hand dominance. The Journal of Science and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.37714/josam.v3i0.66
• Cohen, J. R., & Poldrack, R. A. (2008). Automaticity in motor sequence learning does not impair response inhibition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(1), 108–115. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.15.1.108
• Data Acquisition, Loggers, Amplifiers, Transducers, Electrodes | BIOPAC. (n.d.). BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 12 May 2025, from https://www.biopac.com/
• Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 25e. (n.d.). McGraw Hill Medical. Retrieved 6 November 2025, from https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?sectionid=96462506&bookid=1587
• Gaser, C., & Schlaug, G. (2003). Brain structures differ between musicians and non-musicians. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 23(27), 9240–9245. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-27-09240.2003
• Geschwind, N., & Galaburda, A. M. (1985). Cerebral lateralization. Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: I. A hypothesis and a program for research. Archives of Neurology, 42(5), 428–459. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1985.04060050026008
• Globerson, E., & Nelken, I. (2013). The neuro-pianist. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2013.00035
• Groussard, M., Viader, F., Landeau, B., Desgranges, B., Eustache, F., & Platel, H. (2014). The effects of musical practice on structural plasticity: The dynamics of grey matter changes. Brain and Cognition, 90, 174–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2014.06.013
• Habibi, A., Cahn, B. R., Damasio, A., & Damasio, H. (2016). Neural correlates of accelerated auditory processing in children engaged in music training. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2016.04.003
• Hartikainen, K. M. (2021). Emotion-Attention Interaction in the Right Hemisphere. Brain Sciences, 11(8), 1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081006
• Emine Atıcı, İlker Çoban, Lamia Pınar, Naci Madanoğlu, Işınsu Karaoğlu, Güldal İnal Gültekin, Ahmet Cüneyt Akgöl T Differences in Simple Auditory Reaction Times Between Long-Term Trained Right-Handed Pianists and Age-Matched Non-Musicians subdominant hand. Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research, 6(4), 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0926-6410(98)00003-2
• Koeneke, S., Lutz, K., Wüstenberg, T., & Jäncke, L. (2004). Long-term training affects cerebellar processing in skilled keyboard players. NeuroReport, 15(8), 1279. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wnr.0000127463.10147.e7
• Kopiez, R., & In Lee, J. (2006). Towards a dynamic model of skills involved in sight reading music. Music Education Research, 8(1), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/14613800600570785
• Krampe, R. T., & Ericsson, K. A. (1996). Maintaining excellence: Deliberate practice and elite performance in young and older pianists. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 125(4), 331–359. https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.125.4.331
• Krings, T., Töpper, R., Foltys, H., Erberich, S., Sparing, R., Willmes, K., & Thron, A. (2000). Cortical activation patterns during complex motor tasks in piano players and control subjects. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience Letters, 278(3), 189–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00930-1
• LaCroix, A. N., Diaz, A. F., & Rogalsky, C. (2015). The relationship between the neural computations for speech and music perception is context-dependent: An activation likelihood estimate study. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01138
• Landry, S. P., & Champoux, F. (2017). Musicians react faster and are better multisensory integrators. Brain and Cognition, 111, 156–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2016.12.001
• Linford, C. W., Hopkins, J. T., Schulthies, S. S., Freland, B., Draper, D. O., & Hunter, I. (2006). Effects of neuromuscular training on the reaction time and electromechanical delay of the peroneus longus muscle. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 87(3), 395–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.10.027
• Nisiyama, M., & Ribeiro-do-Valle, L. E. (2014). Relative performance of the two hands in simple and choice reaction time tasks. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologicas, 47(1), 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20132932
• Patil, B. H., Kadbe, P. K., Biradar, S. D., Bhandare, T. V., & Arotale, P. N. (2023). Modality Classification of Human Emotions. In Healthcare Industry 4.0. CRC Press.
• Uysal, S. A., Ekı̇Ncı̇, Y., Çoban, F., & Yakut, Y. (n.d.). Edinburgh El Tercihi Anketi Türkçe güvenirliğinin araştırılması.