The impact of non-pharmacological interventions on quality of life in dementia: a review of evidence and outcomes

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 6, 327 - 333, 23.12.2024

Ömer Özişli , Enes Kara

Öz

Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease that causes a progressive decline in cognitive function in older people, seriously affecting their quality of life. Different types of dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, cause a significant decline in patients’ daily living skills, social interactions and general health status. In this context, the impact of dementia on individuals’ quality of life has been extensively studied. Non-pharmacological interventions have an important place in the management of dementia. Approaches such as physical activity, cognitive exercises, social interaction, healthy diet and music therapy support patients’ cognitive functions and offer potential benefits in improving quality of life. Research indicates that these interventions not only delay the cognitive decline associated with dementia but also reduce psychological symptoms like depression and anxiety, thereby enhancing emotional well-being. In particular, given the progressive nature of dementia, it is emphasised that the implementation of such interventions plays an important role in mitigating the negative effects of the disease. Evidence from recent studies underscores that the integration of these approaches into dementia care improves daily functioning and lessens caregiver burden, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive care model. Furthermore, given the economic and societal impact of dementia, it is essential to develop strategies to improve patients’ quality of life. Studies show that holistic and sustainable interventions are needed to mitigate the far-reaching effects of dementia on individuals and society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dementia, quality of life, neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive impairment, social interaction

Etik Beyan

Sayın Editör, derleme olan çalışmada etik kurul onayına gerek bulunmamaktadır.

Teşekkür

Sayın Editör, desteğiniz ve ilginiz için teşekkür eder sağlıklı günler dilerim.

Demans ve yaşam kalitesi: müdahaleler ve etkiler

Öz

Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease that causes a progressive decline in cognitive function in older people, seriously affecting their quality of life. Different types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies, cause a significant decline in patients' daily living skills, social interactions and general health status. In this context, the impact of dementia on individuals' quality of life has been extensively studied. Non-pharmacological interventions have an important place in the management of dementia. Approaches such as physical activity, cognitive exercises, social interaction, healthy diet and music therapy support patients' cognitive functions and offer potential benefits in improving quality of life. In particular, given the progressive nature of dementia, it is emphasised that the implementation of such interventions plays an important role in mitigating the negative effects of the disease. Furthermore, given the economic and societal impact of dementia, it is essential to develop strategies to improve patients' quality of life. Studies show that holistic and sustainable interventions are needed to mitigate the far-reaching effects of dementia on individuals and society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dementia, Quality of Life, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cognitive İmpairment, Social İnteraction

Kaynakça

• Alzheimer’s disease ınternational. World alzheimer report 2019: Attitudes to dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 2019;15(8):1230-1242.
• Liu Z, Yang Y, Li X, et al. Cognitive intervention for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health. 2017;21(8):827-835.
• García-Alberca JM, Cruz B, Lara JP, et al. The experience of caregiving: the influence of coping strategies on behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Aging Ment Health. 2011;15(4):530-541.
• Spigelmyer PC, Schreiber M. Understanding the mental health impact of caregiving for persons living with dementia. J Gerontol Nurs. 2019;45(5): 13-17.
• Richardson TJ, Lee SJ, Berg-Weger M, Grossberg GT. Caregiver health: health of caregivers of Alzheimer’s and other dementia patients. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15(7):367.
• Top MŞ, Özden SY, Sevim ME. Psikiyatride yaşam kalitesi. Düşünen Adam. 2003;16(1):18-25.
• Akdeniz C, Aydemir Ö. Sağlık düzeyi ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlaması ve güvenirliliği. Klinik Psikofarmakol Bülteni. 1999;9(2):104-108.
• Akyol AD. Yaşam kalitesi ve yaklaşımları. EGEHFD. 1993;9(2):75-80.
• Aksungur A. Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Kadın Sağlığı Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde çalışan ebe ve hemşirelerin iş doyumu ve yaşam kalitesi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2009.
• Torlak SE, Yavuzçehre PS. Denizli kent yoksullarının yaşam kalitesi üzerine bir inceleme. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler. 2008;17(2):23-44.
• Das D. Urban quality of life: a case study of Guwahati. Soc Indic Res. 2008; 88(2):297-310.
• Boylu AA, Paçaçıoğlu B. Yaşam kalitesi ve göstergeleri. Akad Araştırmalar Çalışmalar Dergisi. 2016;8(15):137-150.
• Jones G, Riseborough M. Emosyonel iyilik hali ve bunun etkileri. Gerontologist. 2002;42(3):123-135.
• Acaray A. Hemodiyaliz hastalarının yaşam kalitesinin belirlenmesi ve hasta yakınlarının hastalara ilişkin algıladıkları yaşam kalitesi görüşleri ile karşılaştırılması. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, 2003.
• Yılmaz A, Çağlayan H. Yaşlı nüfusun demografik değişimi. Turkish J Geriatrics. 2016;19(3):130-140.
• Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı. Yaşlı nüfusun demografik değişimi. ASHB. 2020;25(3):1-15.
• Diktaş Yerli G. Modernleşme ve sosyal değişme bağlamında yaşlılık. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Alanında Akademik Çalışmalar. 2023;10(5):229-244.
• Türkoğlu N, Adıbelli D. Yaşlılarda yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin Türk toplumuna adaptasyonu. Akademik Geriatri Dergisi. 2014;6(2):98-105.
• Diktaş Yerli G. Turkiye’nin demografik yapısında yaşlılık görünümleri. ASEAD 14. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu Kongre Kitapçığı. 19-21 Kasım, Ankara, Türkiye
• Can B, Uysal M, Baş B, Yümin ET. Kırılgan yaşlı bireylerde fiziksel aktivitenin önemi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi. 2024;17(1):64-70.
• Çapcıoğlu İ, Alpay A. Türkiye’de yaşlılığın geleceği. Nosyon Uluslararası Toplum ve Kültür Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2021;8(2):77-88.
• Görgün Baran A. Yaşlılıkta sosyal dışlanmanın toplumsal boyutu. Yaşlılık Disiplinler Arası Yaklaşımlar. 2016;2(1):105-126.
• Beğer T, Yavuzer H. Yaşlılık ve yaşlılık epidemiyolojisi. Klinik Gelişim. 2012;25(3):1-3.
• Edvardson D, Petersson L, Sjogren K, et al. Everyday activities for people with dementia in residential aged care: associations with person-centredness and quality of life. Int J Older People Nurs. 2014;9(4):269-276.
• Kitwood TM. Dementia reconsidered: the person comes first. Open University Press. 1997;13(5):80-91.
• Ebersole P, Hess P, Touhy TA, Jett K, Luggen AS. Toward healthy aging: human needs and nursing response. Mosby Elsevier. 2008;7(4):130-143.
• Akyar İ. Demanslı hasta bakımı ve bakım modelleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2011;79(1):79-88.
• Leventoğlu A. Demans hastalarının yaşam kalitesini nasıl artırabiliriz? Alev Leventoğlu Blog. 2024;12(3):55-60.
• Prince M, Albanese E, Guerchet M, Prina M. The global ımpact of dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(7):673-679.
• Vickrey BG, Strickland TL, Fitzpatrick J, et al. Caregiver outcomes of persons with Alzheimer disease: a national study. Alzheimers Dement. 2006;2(3):246-255.
• Zarit SH. Family care and burden at the end of life. CMAJ. 2004;170(12): 1811-1812.
• Hurd MD, Martorell P, Delavande A, Mullen KJ, Langa KM. Monetary costs of dementia in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(14):1326-1334.
• Alzheimer’s association. 2020 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2020;16(3):391-460.
• Kalaria RN. Vascular basis for brain degeneration: faltering controls and risk factors for dementia. Nutr Rev. 2016;74(suppl_1):25-36.
• McKeith IG, Boeve BF, Dickson DW. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Third report of the DLB consortium. Neurology. 2006;65(12):1863-1872.
• Rascovsky K, Hodges JR, Knopman D, et al. Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 2011;134(9):2456-2477.
• Pinquart M, Sörensen S. Correlates of physical health of informal caregivers: a meta-analysis. Gerontologist. 2007;47(5):741-758.
• Schulz R, Martire LM. Family caregiving of persons with dementia: prevalence, health effects, and support strategies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004;12(3):240-249.
• Wolff JL, Spillman BC, Freedman VA, Kasper JD. A national profile of family and unpaid caregivers who assist older adults with health care activities. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(3):372-379.
• Hooker K, Monahan DJ, Bowman SR, Frazier LD, Shifren K. Personality counts for a lot: predictors of mental and physical health of spouse caregivers in two disease groups. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1998; 53(2):P73-P85.
• Brodaty H, Donkin M. Family caregivers of people with dementia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2009;11(2):217-228.
• Parker D, Mills S, Abbey J. Effectiveness of interventions that assist caregivers to support people with dementia living in the community: a systematic review. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2008;6(2):137-172.
• Alzheimer’s Association. 2021 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2021;17(3):327-406.
• Brodaty H, Donkin M. Family caregivers of people with dementia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2009;11(2):217-228.
• World Health Organization. Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. WHO Guidelines. 2019;10(5):45-50.
• Wimo A, Jönsson L, Bond J, Prince M, Winblad B. The worldwide economic impact of dementia 2010. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;9(1):1-11.
• Ettema TP, Droes RM, de Lange J, Mellenbergh GJ, Ribbe MW. A review of quality of life instruments used in dementia. Qual Life Res. 2005;14(3):675-686.
• Gaugler JE, Kane RL, Kane RA, Newcomer R. Early community-based service utilization and its effects on institutionalization in dementia caregiving. Gerontologist. 2009;45(2):177-185.
• Prince M, Bryce R, Ferri C. World alzheimer report 2015: journey of caring. An analysis of long-term care for dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11(7):673-679.
• Andrade C. The role of physical exercise in dementia prevention: a systematic review. J Geriatr Psychiatr Neurol. 2020;33(5):287-295.
• Albuquerque M. Physical activity and cognitive function in elderly with dementia: a critical review. Aging Mental Health. 2019;23(7):875-883.
• Prabhakar S. Cognitive training as an intervention for Alzheimer’s disease: efficacy and challenges. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr. 2021;36(2):314-320.
• Ellis R. The impact of cognitive exercises on memory in dementia patients: a meta-analysis. J Cognitive Neurosci. 2018;30(4):569-579.
• Marquez A. Social interaction and quality of life in elderly with dementia. Social Sci Med. 2017;195:123-131.
• Smith L. Emotional support and dementia: effects on caregivers and patients. J Elderly Care Studies. 2016;14(3):258-265.
• Garcia M. Nutritional strategies in dementia management: focus on brain health. Nutritional Neurosci. 2020;23(11):923-930.
• Roberts A, Turner D. Omega-3 fatty acids and brain health in older adults. J Nutrition Health. 2019;26(2):156-162.
• Thompson J. Music therapy for dementia patients: evidence-based benefits. J Music Therapy. 2021;58(1):23-34.
• Hughes S. Art therapy and dementia: promoting engagement and cognitive function. Arts in Psychotherapy. 2018;59:28-35.