ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ISO/IEC 42001

Öz

Artificial intelligence, defined as the activity of reproducing human cognitive processes such as learning, reasoning, understanding, decision-making, and problem-solving through numerical and algorithmic models, has become a frequently discussed concept in our daily lives in recent years. This research analyzes the transformative role of artificial intelligence in different sectors and the ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Artificial Intelligence (AI) management system for the responsible management of this technology. Primarily, the benefits and drawbacks of AI, the use of AI in various countries, and the types of AI, namely Narrow Artificial Intelligence (NAI) and Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen-AI), are discussed. NAI refers to artificial intelligence systems designed for a specific purpose, focused on limited task sets, and capable of operating only within the operational scope for which they were trained. Gen-AI refers to advanced systems that possess the capacity to make human-like inferences, generate extensive knowledge, and analyze and reconstruct context. Furthermore, studies in literature regarding the use of generative AI in education, human resources management, and healthcare are examined. The ethical dimension and aspects of AI, as well as critical elements for effective governance, are highlighted. ISO 42001 is an ideal framework for the dynamic structure of Industry and Technology because it offers an auditable and sustainable governance mechanism designed around the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle. Here, the concept of governance, unlike traditional management approaches, centers on multi-stakeholder interaction, accountability, ethical considerations, transparent decision-making mechanisms, and shared responsibility. It has been determined that ISO/IEC 42001 guides organizations in the planning, implementation, maintenance, and continuous improvement processes of artificial intelligence management systems, and that it forms the basis of reliable and sustainable artificial intelligence applications thanks to human-centered governance, data security, ethical principles, and a risk-based approach. The research summarizes recent studies in the literature on ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence Management Systems, and general AI applications. The importance of implementing the ISO/IEC 42001 standard and global cooperation for the safe, ethical, and sustainable development of the artificial intelligence ecosystem is emphasized, and recommendations are made. Artificial intelligence is not just a technical puzzle for humanity, but also a moral and social choice facing mankind. Conscious, courageous, and inclusive steps taken by societies will ensure that this technology enhances human well-being and guarantees that we can live together in a just world.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ISO/IEC 42001
• Artificial intelligence management system
• Narrow artificial intelligence
• Generative artificial intelligence
• Quality management
• Risk management.

YAPAY ZEKÂ YÖNETİM SİSTEMLERİNİN ANALİZİ VE UYGULAMALARI: ISO/IEC 42001

Öz

İnsan bilişsel süreçlerinden olan; öğrenme, akıl yürütme, anlamlandırma, karar verme ve problem çözme gibi yetkinliklerinin, sayısal ve algoritmik modeller aracılığıyla yeniden üretme faaliyeti olarak tanımlanan Yapay zekâ, son yıllara gündelik yaşantımızsa sıkça konuştuğumuz bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Araştırmada, Yapay zekânın farklı sektörlerdeki dönüştürücü rolü ve bu teknolojinin sorumlu bir şekilde yönetilmesi için, ISO/IEC 42001:2023 Yapay Zekâ (YZ) yönetim sistemi analiz edilmiştir. Öncelikli olarak, yapay zekânın, faydaları, zararları, dünya ülkelerinin yapay zekâ kullanımları ve yapay zekâ türleri olan Dar Yapay Zekâ (DYZ) ve Üretken Yapay Zekâ (ÜYZ) ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca üretken yapay zekânın; eğitimde, insan kaynakları yönetiminde ve sağlıkta kullanımı ile ilgili literatürde yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. YZ’nin ahlaki boyutu ve etiği ile etkili yönetişim için kritik unsurlar vurgulanmıştır. ISO/IEC 42001’in kuruluşlara yapay zekâ yönetim sistemlerini planlama, uygulama, sürdürme ve sürekli iyileştirme süreçlerinde rehberlik ettiği, insan merkezli yönetişim, veri güvenliği, etik ilkeler ve risk temelli yaklaşım sayesinde güvenilir ve sürdürülebilir yapay zekâ uygulamalarının temelini oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada, ISO/IEC 42001, Yapay Zekâ Yönetim Sistemleri ve YZ’nin genel uygulamaları ile ilgili son yıllarda literatürde yapılan çalışmalar özetlenmiştir. Yapay zekâ ekosisteminin güvenli, etik ve sürdürülebilir gelişimi için ISO/IEC 42001 standardının uygulanması ve küresel iş birliğinin önemi vurgulanarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ISO/IEC 42001
• Yapay zekâ yönetim sistemi
• Dar yapay zekâ
• Üretken yapay zekâ
• Kalite yönetimi
• Risk yönetimi.

Kaynakça

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