THE TURKISH-GERMAN AFFAIR IN FILMS: A DREAMWORLD OR A NETHERWORLD?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 227 - 245, 27.01.2020

Ayça Tunç Cox

Öz

Turkish
society’s perception of Germany has been going through a significant
transformation. This is indisputably related with the crucial role Germany
played by not taking sides with Turkey in its long-lasting attempts to access
to the European Union. Through a critical analysis, this article explores how
Turkish cinematic narratives have accounted for the thorny Turkish-German
relations in the last two decades. The analyzed films, which are the
products of the dynamic and heterogeneous new cinema of Turkey, have
contributed to the knowledge produced about Germany, Germans and
Turkish-Germans in the media. Therefore, focusing on these cinematic texts
should reveal alternative modes of reading the enduring Turkish-German affair.
As the close textual analysis has revealed, the films in question refuse the presumed
label of “subaltern” for Turkey, and instead, provides a realistic and
multifaceted account of said relationship.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkish-German relations, Turkish-German diaspora, Turkish films

FİLMLERDE TÜRK-ALMAN İLİŞKİLERİ: İDEAL BİR HAYAL DÜNYASI MI CEHENNEM Mİ?

Öz

Türk
toplumunun Almanya algısı kayda değer bir dönüşümden geçmektedir. Bu dönüşümde,
uzun yıllardır süregiden Avrupa Birliği üyeliği girişimlerinde Türkiye’nin
yanında yer almayan Almanya’nın rolünün önemli olduğu inkar edilemez. Bu makale
kapsamında, iki ülke arasındaki sözü geçen sorunlu ilişkilerin Türkiye’deki
sinemasal anlatılarda nasıl ele alındığı eleştirel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak
incelenmektedir. Analize konu edilen filmler, Türkiye’deki dinamik ve heterojen
yeni sinema ortamının birer çıktısı olmalarının yanı sıra, genel anlamda
Almanya, Almanlar ve Türk-Almanlar’ a dair medyadaki temsil ve bilgi üretiminin
de bir parçası durumundadır.  Bu nedenle,
bu sinemasal metinlere odaklanan bir eleştirel analiz, Türk-Alman ilişkilerinin
popüler kültür perspektifinden alternatif bir okumasını sağlamak adına önem arz
etmektedir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, incelenen filmlerin, Türkiye’ye
biçilen “madun” rolünü kabul etmeyerek, Türk toplumunun Almanya’ya bakışını
gerçekçi ve çok boyutlu bir biçimde aktardıkları dikkat çekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türk-Alman ilişkileri, Türk-Alman diyasporası, Türk filmleri

Kaynakça

• Akgündüz A (1998) Migration to and from Turkey, 1783-1960: Types, Numbers and Ethno-religious Dimension, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 24:1, 97-120.
• Akser M and Bayrakdar D (2014) Introduction: Ten Propositions on the Possibility of a New Cinema, M Akser and D Bayrakdar (eds), New Cinema, New Media: Reinventing Turkish Cinema, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, xii-xxii.
• Alessandri E (2010) The New Turkish Foreign Policy and the Future of Turkey-EU Relations, Istituto Affari Internazionali, 10:3, 1-19.
• Arslan S (2011) Cinema in Turkey: A New Critical History, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Ay R (2014) Anadolu’da Derviş ve Toplum, Kitap Yayɩnevi, İstanbul.
• Morris P (ed) (1997) The Bakhtin Reader, Arnold Publication, Oxford.
• Bhabha H K (1994) The Location of Culture, Routledge, Abingdon.
• Bilgin H D (2008) Foreign Policy Orientation of Turkey’s Pro-Islamist Parties: A Comparative Study of the AKP and Refah, Turkish Studies, 9: 3, 407–421.
• Buhari-Gülmez D and Rumford C (2016) Towards a (“thick”, “thin”, or “parallel”) European society? Understanding the dynamics of European multiplicity, Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 29: 1, 41-55.
• Chin R (2007) The Guest Worker Question in Postwar Germany, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Çiçek, Ö (2014) The Old and New Ways of Kurdish Filmmaking in Turkey: Potentials and Risks, M Akser and D Bayrakdar (eds), New Cinema, New Media: Reinventing Turkish Cinema, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, 126-145.
• Daldal A (2014) The Concept of National Cinema and the New Turkish Cinema, M Akser and D Bayrakdar (eds), New Cinema, New Media: Reinventing Turkish Cinema, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, 92-110.
• Derrida, J (2005) Writing and Difference, Alan Bass (Trans). Routledge, London.
• Doğan, Ö V (2013) 1980 Sonrası Türk Sinemasında Delilik Okumaları, İletişim-Kuram ve Araştɩrma Dergisi, 37, 68–86.
• Dyer, R (1997) White, Routledge, London.
• Erhan Ç, Genç Ö and Sakarya Z D (eds) (2011) Siyasi Partilerin Avrupa Birliği’ne Bakɩşɩ, Ankara Üniversitesi Yayɩnlarɩ, Ankara.
• Ertaylan A (2017) Bir Direniş/İsyan Biçimi Olarak Delilik ve Meczupluk’un Sinemadaki Temsili, Ö K Tüfekçi (ed), İletişimde Güncel Yaklaşımlar, Lambert Academic Publishing, Beau-Bassin, 1025-1050.
• Fairclough N and Wodak R (1997) Critical Discourse Analysis, T A van Dijk (eds), Discourse as Social Interaction: Discourse Studies 2, Sage, London, 258-284.
• Foucault M (2006) Deliliğin Tarihi, Mehmet Ali Kɩlɩçbay (trans), İmge, Ankara.
• Foucault M (2013) Akɩl Hastalɩğɩ ve Psikoloji, Emre Bayoğlu (trans), Ayrɩntɩ, İstanbul.
• Göktürk D, Gramling D and Kaes A (eds) (2007) Germany in Transit, University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Grigoriadis I N (2003) AKP and the Paradox of Islamic Europhilia, 2nd METU Conference of International Relations, June 23, 2003, Ankara. Güney S, Pekman C and Kabaş B (2014) Diasporic Music in Transition: Turkish Immigrant Performers on the Stage of ‘Multikulti’ Berlin, Popular Music and Society, 37:2, 132-151.
• Güngőr A C (2014) From Past to Present: A Cognitive Work on New Turkish Cinema, Cinej Cinema Journal, 4:1, 123–153.
• Halle R (2008) German Film After Germany: Toward a Transnational Aesthetic, University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
• Halle R (2014) The Europeanization of Cinema: Interzones and Imaginative Communities, University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
• Herbert U (1990) A History of Foreign Labour in Germany 1880-1980, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
• Horrocks D and Kolinsky E (1996) Migrants or Citizens?, D Horrocks and E Kolinsky (eds), Turkish Culture in German Society Today, Berghahn Books, Oxford, x–xxviii.
• Kaim A A (2011) New Turkish Cinema: Some Remarks on Homesickness of the Turkish Soul, Cinej Cinema Journal Special Issue, 1, 100–106.
• Kɩlɩçbay B (2014) Turkish-German Cinema Reconsidered, Third Text, 28:6, 507-516.
• Mercer K (1994) Welcome to the Jungle: New Positions in Black Cultural Studies, Routledge, New York.
• Meredith P (1998) Hybridity in the Third Space: Rethinking Bi-cultural Politics in Aotearoa/New Zealand, Te Oru Rangahau Maori Research and Development Conference, July 7-9 1998, Massey University.
• Narlɩ M (2013) Edebiyat ve Delilik: Türk Roman ve Öyküsünde Deliler ve Delilik, Akçağ Yayɩnlarɩ, Ankara.
• Pehlivan G (2017) Sayɩ Simgeciliğinden Kehânete Bir Meczup ve Eseri: Âşɩk Cemâl ve Amasya Seyahatnâmesi, Milli Folklőr, 29:115, 19–39.
• Pratt M L (1992) Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, Routledge, London.
• Rahigh-Aghsan A (2011) Turkey’s EU Quest and Political Cleavages under AKP, Review of European Studies, 3:1, 43–53.
• Sunar B (2013) Adalet ve Kalkɩnma Partisi’nin Dɩş Politika Söyleminde Temalar: Türkiye Bülteni Üzerine Bir İnceleme, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18:3, 431–454.
• Suner A (2010) New Turkish Cinema: Belonging, Identity and Memory, I.B. Tauris,New York.
• Tezcan E and Aras İ (2015) Adalet ve Kalkɩnma Partisi’nde Euroseptisizm: Avrupa Birliği Desteğinin Eleştiriye Dönüşümü, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 11:41, 1–35.
• Tunç Cox A (2012) Hyphenated Identities: The Reception of Turkish-German Filmmakers in the Daily Turkish Press, B Mennel and S Hake (eds), Turkish German Cinema in the New Millennium: Sites, Sounds, and Screens, Berghahn, New York, 161-171.
• Tunç Cox A (2013a) Habitats of Meaning: Turkish-German Cinema and Generational Differences, G Karanfil and S Şavk (eds), Imaginaries Out of Place: Cinema, Transnationalism and Turkey, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, 37-55.
• Tunç Cox A (2013b) The Use of Music in Turkish Diasporic Cinema, J Kazecki, K A Ritzenhoff and C J Miller (eds), Border Visions: Identity and Diaspora in Film, The Scarecrow Press, Plymouth, 142-159.
• Tunç Cox A (2018) Portrayal of Turkish-German Migratory Relations in Turkish Films of the 1980s: A Call for an Alternative Reading, Turkish Studies, 1-19, DOI: 10.1080/14683849.2018.1520105.
• Tunç A (2005) Bağɩmsɩz Sinema: Doksanlɩ Yɩllar Ve Sonrasɩ Türk Sinemasɩnda Alternatif Yönelimler, Master thesis, Ege University Social Sciences Institute, İzmir.
• Tunç A (2011a) Diasporic Cinema: Turkish-German Filmmakers with Particular Emphasis on Generational Differences, PhD diss., University of London, London.
• Tunç A (2011b) Three Generations of Turkish Filmmakers in Germany: Three Different Narratives, Turkish Studies, 12:1, 117-129. DOI:10.1080/14683849.2011.564025.
• Üstün Ç (2017) Can EU Act as a Democracy Promoter? Analysing the Democratization Demand and Supply in Turkey - EU Relation, Romanian Journal of European Affairs, 17:1, 85–99.
• Yalçɩn-Heckman L (2002) Negotiating Identities: Media Representations of Different Generations of Turkish Migrants in Germany, D Kandiyoti and A Saktanber (eds), Fragments of Culture: The Everyday of Modern Turkey, I.B. Tauris New York, 308-321.