The Effects of Different Sulfur Forms and Biochar Applications on The Development of Radish (Raphanus sativus) in Calcareous Soils

Öz

Sulfur(S) has an important place in meeting the nutritional needs of radish and obtaining high quality products. Biochar applications affect soil quality and plant growth positively. The study was carried out to determine the sulfur fertilizer demand of the radish plant grown in the calcareous soils at Konya that located in Central Anatolia, which has an important agricultural potential. In the study, it was aimed to determine the effect of biochar application on the plant's use of sulfur and plant growth, and the appropriate sulfur(S) fertilizer dose for radish. In the study, elemental-S (0- 200-400 mgkg-1), SO4-2-S (0-25-50 mgkg-1) and biochar (0- 1% - 2%) were applied to the cultivation soil. Plant material is 8TR-17 hazelnut radish (Raphanus sativus var.) variety. According to the results obtained, leaf chlorophyll SPAD values, plant height, tuber weight, the remaining S (mgkg-1) concentration in the soil at the end of the experiment were significantly different with increasing S doses compared to the control (p<0.01). Leaf chlorophyll SPAD values, plant height, tuber weight and the remaining S (mgkg-1) concentration in the soil(p<0.01) and stem diameter (p< 0.05) showed significant differences compared to the control at the interaction between biochar doses and S application forms. The chlorophyll SPAD value varied between 23.3and 34.8, leaf length varied between 5.59 and 6.49 cm, the number of leaves varied between 2.98 to 4.06 piecesplant-1 and leaf weight varied between 6.01 to 10.45 gpot-1. Stem length varied between 0.75 to 2.23 cmplant-1 and stem diameter varied between 1.5 to 15.24 cmplant-1. Tuber weight averages ranged from 0.136 to 4.566 gpot-1 and with the biochar applications increased compared to control. These increases are especially important in the SO4-2-S application. The remaining S (mgkg-1) concentrations in the soil are between 13.40 to 94.43 mgkg-1. These values showed significant differences with S fertilizers, S doses and biochar applications (p<0.05). At the soil pH value at the end of the experiment considering the mean values of sulfur doses, showed a decrease of 0.07 units compared to the control and this value was statistically significant (p<0.01). As a result, it is thought that good plant growth and tuber formation will be achieved with the application of 2% biochar in the cultivation of hazelnut radish, when the sand content is low and partially clayey loam soil will be used.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elemental sulfur
• Sulfata sulfur
• Biochar
• Radish
• Calcareous soil

Kireçli Topraklarda Farklı Kükürt Formları ile Biyokömür Uygulamalarının Turp Bitkisi (Raphanus sativus) Gelişimine Etkisi

Öz

Turpun besin maddesi ihtiyacının karşılanması ve yüksek kalitede ürün alınmasında kükürt(S) önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Biyokömür uygulamaları toprak kalitesini ve bitki gelişimini olumlu etkilemektedir. Çalışma; önemli bir tarım potansiyeline sahip olan ve İç Anadolu’da yer alan Konya kireçli topraklarında yetiştirilen turp bitkisinin kükürtlü gübre isteğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada biyokömür uygulamasının bitkinin kükürtten yararlanma durumuna ve bitki gelişimine etkisinin belirlenmesi ve turp için uygun kükürtlü gübre dozunun tespiti de amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada; elementel-S (0- 200-400 mg/kg), SO4-2-S (0-25-50 mgkg-1) ve yetiştirme toprağına üç dozda biyokömür (0, %1 ve %2) uygulanmıştır. Bitki materyali 8TR-17 fındık turp (Raphanussativus var.) çeşididir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; artan S dozları ile yaprak klorofil SPAD değerleri, bitki boyu, yumru ağırlığı, deneme sonunda toprakta kalan kükürt konsantrasyonu değerleri kontrole kıyasla önemli farklılıklar göstermiştir. Biyokömür dozları ve S uygulama formları arasındaki etkileşimde; yaprak klorofil SPAD değerleri, bitki boyu, yumru ağırlığı ve toprakta kalan S (mgkg-1) değerleri kontrole kıyasla önemli oranda farklılıklar göstermiştir. Klorofil SPAD değeri 23.3-34.8; yaprak boyu 5.59-6.49 cm, yaprak sayısı 2.98-4.06 adetbitki-1, yaprak ağırlığı 6.01-10.45 gsaksı-1, gövde boyu 0.75-2.23 cmbitki-1 ve gövde çapı da 1.5-15.24 cmbitki-1 arasındadır. Yumru ağırlığı ortalamaları 0.136-4.566 grsaksı-1 arasındadır ve biyokömür uygulamaları kontrole kıyasla artış sağlamıştır. Bu artışlar özellikle SO4-2-S uygulamasında önemlidir. Toprakta kalan S konsantrasyonu 13.40-94.43 mgkg-1 arasındadır; S gübreleri, S dozları, biyokömür uygulamaları ile önemli farklılık göstermiştir (p<0.05). Deneme sonunda toprak pH değeri; kükürt dozlarına ait ortalama değerler dikkate alındığında kontrole kıyasla 0.07 birimlik bir düşüş göstermiştir ve bu değer istatistiki yönden de önemli olmuştur (p<0.01). Sonuç olarak fındık turpu yetiştiriciliğinde, eğer kum oranı düşük killi tınlı toprakta çalışılacaksa %2 dozunda biyokömür uygulaması ile iyi bir bitki gelişimi ve yumru teşekkülünün olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elementel - Kükürt
• Sülfat-kükürt
• Biyokömür
• Turp
• Kireçli toprak

Kaynakça

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