Agronomic Comparisons of Herbicides with Different Active Ingredients and Mechanical Hoeing for Weed Control in Oleic and Linoleic Type Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Hybrids

Yıl 2023, , 495 - 508, 26.09.2023

Fadul Önemli , Ümit Tetik

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1102589

Öz

Weeds cause serious yield losses in sunflower production. The most common methods for weed control are herbicide application and mechanical hoeing. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of five traditional herbicides containing different active ingredients compared with mechanical hoeing for weed control on seed yield components, seed oil content, and fatty acid composition in sunflower. Field experiments were conducted in the sunflower growing seasons of 2014 and 2015 on farmer fields in Karamusul village of Lüleburgaz, Kırklareli, located in the Northwest of Turkey (40°24’ N, 27021 E and elevation 46 m). Pre-plant herbicide Bonoflan WG with benfluralin, pre-emergence herbicide Stomp®Extra with pendimethalin, and post-emergence herbicides Challenge600 with aclonifen and Targa Super with quizalofop-p-ethyl active were applied on non-Clearfield sunflower hybrids (P64LL05–Linoleic and P64H34–High oleic) while post-emergence herbicide Intervix®Pro with imazamox was applied on Clearfield hybrids (LG5542CL-Linoleic and Colombi–High oleic). In the results, the year effects were statistically significant on plant height, head diameter, number of days from planting to 50% flowering, and percentage of stearic acid of Clearfield cultivars while it was significant on plant height, head diameter, stem diameter, 1000 seed weight, number of days from planting to 50% flowering, seed yield, seed oil content, percentage of oleic and linoleic acids of non-Clearfield cultivars. The effect of genotype was significant for all seed yield and oil components except seed weight and seed yield for both groups’ cultivars. Intervix®Pro caused significant decreases in plant height, stem diameter, and percentage of stearic acid. Stomp®Extra decreased the number of days from planting to 50% flowering. Challenge 600 had a negative effect on the seed oil content of P64H34 in 2015. There was no significant difference between herbicide applications and mechanical hoeing for seed yields except for increasing seed yield of P64H34 by Bonaflan WG in 2015. For all herbicide applications, residue in seeds was not exceeded international acceptable limits. According to the results, herbicides especially post-emergence applications under stress conditions can adversely affect agronomic yield and seed oil components in sunflower.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Helianthus annuus, Herbicide, Hoeing, Seed yield, Oil content, Weed control

Proje Numarası

NKUBAP.00.24.AR.14.29

Oleik ve Linoleik Ayçiçeği Çeşitlerinde Yabancı Ot Mücadelesi İçin Uygulanan Farklı Aktif Madde İçerikli Herbisitler ve Mekanik Çapalama Yönteminin Agronomik Açıdan Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Yabancı otlar ayçiçeğinde ciddi verim kayıpları oluşturmaktadır. Yabancı otlarla mücadelede en çok kullanılan yöntemler herbisit uygulaması ve mekanik aletlerle çapalamadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı aktif madde içeriğine sahip 5 ticari herbisit ile mekanik aletlerle yapılan çapalamanın ayçiçeğinin tane verimi unsurları, tane yağ içeriği ve yağ asitleri kompozisyonlarına etkilerini belirlemektir. Tarla denemeleri 2014 ve 2015 yıllarını kapsayan iki ayçiçeği yetiştirme mevsiminde Türkiye’nin kuzey batısında yer alan Kırklareli ilinin Lüleburgaz ilçesine bağlı Karamusul Köyünde (Enlem: 40°24’ K, Boylam:27.021 D ve Rakım:46 m) çifti arazisinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada: çıkış sonrası kullanılan imazamox etken maddeli ticari Intervix®Pro herbisiti genetik Clearfield ayçiçeği hibriti çeşitlerine (LG5542CL-yüksek linoleik ve Colombi–yüksek oleik) uygulanmıştır. Ekim öncesi herbisitlerden benfluralin etken maddeli Bonoflan WG, çıkış öncesi herbisitlerden pendimethalin etken maddeli Stomp®Extra, çıkış sonrası kullanılan herbisitlerden aclonifen etken maddeli Challenge600 ve quizalofop-p-ethyl etken maddeli Targa Super ticari herbisitleri ise Clearfield geni taşımayan ayçiçeği hibrit çeşitlerine (P64LL05–yüksek linoleik ve P64H34–yüksek oleik) uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarında; yıl faktörü Clearfield olmayan çeşitlerin bitki boyu, tabla çapı, sap çapı, 1000 tohum ağırlığı, ekimden %50 çiçeklenmeye kadar olan gün sayısı, tane verimi, tane yağ içeriği, oleik ve yağ asitleri içeriğine istatistiki önemli etkiye sahip olurken, Clearfield çeşitlerinde ise bu faktörün bitki boyu, tabla çapı, ekimden çiçeklenmeye kadar olan gün sayısı ve stearik asit üzerine olan etkileri istatistik anlamda önemli bulunmuştur. Genotip ise her iki grup için de tane verimi ve tane ağırlığı haricinde diğer ölçülen tüm verim ve yağ unsurları üzerinde istatistiki anlamda önemli etkiye sahip olmuştur. Intervix®Pro herbisitinin ayçiçeğinin bitki boyunda, sap çapında ve tohumlardaki yağın stearik asit içeriğinde düşüşlere neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Stomp®Extra herbisiti ekimden %50 çiçeklenmeye kadar olan gün sayısını azaltarak erken çiçeklenmeye neden olmuştur. Challenge 600 ticari herbisiti ise 2015 yılında P64H34 çeşidinin tanelerindeki yağ oranının düşürmüştür. Tane verimi açısından Bonaflan WG hariç, herbisit uygulamaları ile mekanik çapalama arasında istatistiki açıdan önemli fark bulunamamıştır. Bonoflan WG ticari herbisitinin ise 2015 yılında P64H34 çeşidinde tane verimi üzerinde istatistiki açıdan önemli ve olumlu etkide bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm herbisit uygulamalarından hasatta elde edilen tane ürünlerinde yapılan pestisit analizlerinde limiti geçen bir değer bulunamamıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; herbisitler, stres koşullarında özellikle çıkış sonrası uygulamalarda ayçiçeğinin agronomik verim ve yağ unsurlarını olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çapalama, Helianthus annuus, Herbisit, Tohum verimi, Yabancı ot kontrolü, Yağ içeriği

Destekleyen Kurum

Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi (BAP)

Proje Numarası

NKUBAP.00.24.AR.14.29

Teşekkür

Araştırma projesini desteklerinden dolayı TNKÜ BAP birimine teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

• Barganska, Z., Slebioda, M. and Namiesnik, J. (2014). Determination of pesticide residues in honeybees using modified QUEChERS sample work-up and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Molecules, 19: 2911-2924. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19032911.
• Bhandari, G. (2014). An overview of agrochemicals and their effects on environment in Nepal. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2: 66-73.
• Bharati, V., Kumar, K., Prasad, S. S., Singh, U. K., Hans, H. and Dwivedi, D. K. (2020). Effect of integrated weed management in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) in Bihar. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6: 356-359.
• Cassino, N., Bedmar, F., Monterubbianesi, G. and Gianelli, V. (2017). Residual effects of Imazamox on winter and summer crops in Argentina. Ciencias Agronomicas, 30: 23-29.
• Çebi, U. K. (2018). Determination of residue levels of imazamox herbicide (2-[4, 5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1 H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) in soil and drainage water. Desalination and Water Treatment, 123: 321-329.
• Debaeke, P., Casadebaig, P., Flenet, F. and Langlade, N. (2017). Sunflower crop and climate change: vulnerability, adaptation, and mitigation potential from case studies in Europe. OCL Oilseeds & fats, Crops and Lipids, 24(1): 1-15.
• Delchev, G. (2013). Efficacy and selectivity of vegetation-applied herbicides and their mixtures with growth stimulator Amalgerol premium at oil-bearing sunflower grown by conventional, Clearfield and Express Sun technologies. Agricultural Science & Technology, 5(2): 1313-8820.
• Delchev, G. and Georgiev, M. (2015). Achievements and problems in the weed control in oil-bearing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Scientific Papers-Series A, Agronomy, 58: 168-173.
• Elezovic, I., Datta, A., Vrbnicanin, S., Glamoclija, D., Simic, M., Malidza, G. and Knezevic, S. Z. (2012). Yield and yield components of imidazolinone-resistant sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are influenced by pre-emergence herbicide and time of post-emergence weed removal. Field Crops Research, 128: 137-146.
• El-Metwally, I. M. and El-Wakeel, M. A. (2019). Comparison of safe weed control methods with chemical herbicide in potato field. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43(1): 1-7.
• El-Rokiek, K. G., Dawood, M. G. and Gad, N. (2013). Physiological response of two sunflower cultivars and associated weeds to some herbicides. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(4): 2825-2832.
• European Food Safety Authority, EFSA. (2014). Scientific report of EFSA. The 2011 European Union Report on pesticide residues in Food. EFSA Journal, 12: 3694. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3694.
• Ferrante, L. and Fearnside, P. M. (2020). Evidence of mutagenic and lethal effects of herbicides on Amazonian frogs. Acta Amazonica, 50(4): 363-366.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO. (2019). Pesticide residues in food, Report of the extra Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the WHO Core Assessment Group on Pesticide Residues Geneva, Switzerland, 17–26 September 2019, 662 p.
• Hasanuzzaman, M., Mohsin, S. M., Bhuyan, M. B., Bhuiyan, T. F., Anee, T. I., Masud, A. A. C. and Nahar, K. (2020). Phytotoxicity, environmental and health hazards of herbicides: challenges and ways forward. Agrochemicals Detection. Treatment and Remediation, 55-99.
• Jabran K. (2017). Sunflower allelopathy for weed control. In: Jabran K (ed) Manipulation of allelopathic crops for weed control, 1st edn. Springer Nature International Publishing, Cham, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-016-0093-0.
• Jumarie, C., Aras, P. and Boily, M. (2017). Mixtures of herbicides and metals affect the redox system of honey bees. Chemosphere, 168: 163-170.
• Jursík, M., Kocarek, M., Kolarova, M. and Tichy, L. (2020). Effect of different soil and weather conditions on efficacy, selectivity and dissipation of herbicides in sunflower. Plant, Soil and Environment, 66(9): 468-476.
• Kanatas, P. (2020). Seed and oil productivity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as affected by the timing of weed removal. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, 63(2): 124-127.
• Knezevic, S. Z., Elezovic, I., Datta, A., Vrbnicanin, S., Glamoclija, D., Simic, M. and Malidza, G. (2013). Delay in the critical time for weed removal in imidazolinone-resistant sunflower (Helianthus annuus) caused by application of pre-emergence herbicide. International Journal of Pest Management, 59: 229-235.
• Lari, S. Z., Khan, N. A., Gandhi, K. N., Meshram, S. T. and Thacke, N. P. (2014). Comparison of pesticide residues in surface water and ground water of agriculture intensive areas. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 12(11): 1-7.
• Marple, M. E., Al-Khatib, K., Shoup, D. and Peterson, D. E. and Claassen, M. (2007). Cotton response to simulated drift of seven hormonal-type herbicides. Weed Technology, 21(4): 987-992.
• Mingo, V., Lötters, S. and Wagner, N., (2016). Risk of pesticide exposure for reptile species in the European Union. Environmental Pollution, 215: 164-169.
• Mohapatra, S., Tripathy, S. K. and Mohanty, A. K. (2020). Weed management in sunflower through sequential application of herbicides in Western Odisha. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 52(2): 197-199.
• Nicolae, M. D., Ramona, Ş., Josefina, Ş. L., Alin, C. and Aurelia, I. A. (2019). Chemical control of weeds in sunflower crops. Annals of the University of Oradea, Fascicle: Environmental Protection, 33: 37-42.
• Önemli, F. (2005a). Efficiency of various bagging materials for self fertilization and hybridization on yield components in sunflower. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 2(1): 1-6.
• Önemli, F. (2005b). The self fertility rates of some hybrid sunflower cultivars. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 2(1): 7-12.
• Onemli, F. (2012a). Impact of climate changes and correlations on oil fatty acids in sunflower. Pakistan. Journal of Agricultural Science, 49(4): 455-458.
• Onemli, F. (2012b). Changes in oil fatty acid composition during seed development of sunflower. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 11(5): 241-245. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2012.241.245.
• Pannacci, E. and Tei, F. (2014). Effects of mechanical and chemical methods on weed control, weed seed rain and crop yield in maize, sunflower and soyabean. Crop Protection, 64: 51-59.
• Pepo, P. and Novak, A. (2016). Correlation between photosynthetic traits and yield in sunflower. Plant, Soil and Environment, 62(7): 335-340.
• Petcu, V. and Ciontu, C. (2014). The effect of Imidazolinone and Tribenurom-Methy Tolerant Sunflower Technology on weed control efficiency and soil quality, Lucrari stiintifice - Seria Agronomie, 57: 53-57. Reddy, S. S., Stahlman, P. W., Geier, P. W. and Thompson, C. R. (2012). Weed control and crop safety with premixed s-metolachlor and sulfentrazone in sunflower. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(11): 1625. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.311197.
• Renukaswamy, N. S., Kusagur, P. and Jayaprakash, R. (2012). Effect of chemical weed management on growth traits and its influence on performance of sunflower. International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 2(1): 80-86.
• SAS Institute. (1997). Statistical Analysis System. SAS Release 9.1 for windows, SAS Institute Inc.Cary, NC, USA. Scholz-Starke, B., Bo, L., Holbach, A., Norra, S., Floehr, T., Hollert, H., Nickoll, M. R., Schaffer, A. and Ottermanns, R. (2018). Simulation-based assessment of the impact of fertiliser and herbicide application on freshwater ecosystems at the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. Science of the Total Environment, 639: 286-303.
• Selvakumar, T., Srinivasan K. and Rajendran L. (2018). Performance of chemical weed management in irrigated sunflower. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 10(20): 7395-7397.
• Serim, A. and Maden, S. (2014). Effects of soil residues of sulfosulfuron and mesosulfuron methyl+iodosulfuron methyl sodium on sunflower varieties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(1): 1-9.
• Simic, M., Dragicevic, V., Knezevic, S., Radosavljevic, M., Dolijanovic, Z. and Filipoviv, M. (2011). Effects of applied herbicides on crop productivity and on weed infestation in different growth stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Helia, 34(54): 27-38.
• Soares, M. M., Freitas, C. D. M., Oliveira, F. S. D., Mesquita, H. C. D., Silva, T. S. and Silva, D. V. (2019). Effects of competition and water deficiency on sunflower and weed growth. Revista Caatinga, 32(2): 318-328.
• Soriano, M. A., Orgaz, F., Villalobos, F. J. and Fereres, E. (2004). Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower. European Journal of Agronomy, 21(4): 465-476.
• Suryavanshi, V. P., Suryawanshiand, S. B. and Jadhav, K. T. (2015). Influence of herbicides on yield and economics of Kharif sunflower. Journal Crop and Weed, 11: 168-172.
• Tawaha, A. M., Turk, M. A. and Maghaireh, G. A. (2002). Response of barley to herbicide versus mechanical weed control under semi‐arid conditions. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 188(2): 106-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12490.
• Tichy, L., Jursík, M., Kolarova, M., Hejnak, V., Andr, J. and Martinkova, J. (2018). Sensitivity of sunflower cultivar PR63E82 to tribenuron and propaquizafop in different weather conditions. Plant, Soil and Environment, 64(10): 479-483.
• United States Department of Agriculture, USDA. (2021). Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade United States, Foreign Agricultural Service July 2021, 40 p.
• Wang, F., Gao, J., Zhai, W., Cui, J., Liu, D., Zhou, Z. and Wang, P. (2021). Effects of antibiotic norfloxacin on the degradation and enantio selectivity of the herbicides in aquatic environment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 208: 111717.
• Zhou, F., Liu, Y., Liang, C., Wang, W., Li, C., Guo, Y., Jun, M., Ying, Y., Lijuan, F., Yubo, Y., Dongsheng, Z., Xuemei, L. and Huang, X. (2018). Construction of a high-density genetic linkage map and QTL mapping of oleic acid content and three agronomic traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Breeding Science, 68: 596–605.