Determination of Oil Quality Factors and Fatty Acid Compositions of Some Peanut Varieties

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the oil properties and fatty acid compositions of peanut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown as the main crop in the Eastern Mediterranean transition zone of Turkey. The field experiment was conducted at the Oil Seed Research Institute experiment area in the main crop seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Oil ratio, saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid), unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid), iodine value, and oleic/linoleic acid ratios were investigated in the experiment. Runner (Georgia Green), Spanish (Florispan), and Virginia market types (Sultan, Brantley, BATEM-Cihangir, BATEM-5025, Arioglu-2003, Halisbey, NC-7, Flower-22, Wilson, NC-V-11, Com, Osmaniye-2005, Gazipasa) varieties were used as plant materials. As a result of this study, NC-V-11 (52.23%) cultivar with the highest oil content was determined, followed by Florispan (52.16%), Brantley (52.10%), and Gerogia Green (51.54%). The lowest oil content was obtained from BATEM-Cihangir (44.57%) variety. Brantley variety was found to have the least palmitic acid ratio with 8.04%, while Florispan variety was found the highest with 12.24%. In terms of stearic acid ratios, the lowest value (1.38%) was determined in Com variety, while the highest value (2.91%) was found in Brantley variety. Brantley variety was found to have the highest oleic acid content (71.83%), which is one of the unsaturated fatty acids. Florispan variety had the lowest oleic acid content (43.70%). While Brantley variety had the lowest linoleic acid ratio (9.78%), it was determined that Com variety had the highest linoleic acid ratio (35.77%). The iodine value varied between 78.71-100.71, the lowest value was in Brantley and the highest value was in Com. The oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio was determined to vary between 1.22 and 7.35, the lowest value was in Florispan and the highest value was in Brantley. As a result of the research, it was determined that the variety with the highest oleic acid ratio in the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Zone was Brantley. Peanuts with high oleic acid content are preferred by producers and consumers because they have good quality and extend the shelf life of products producing with them.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arachis hypogea L.
• Fatty acid compositions
• Iodine value
• Oil content
• Oleic/Linoleic acid ratio.

Bazı Yerfıstığı Çeşitlerinin Yağ Kalitesi Özellikleri ve Yağ Asidi Bileşimlerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'nin Doğu Akdeniz geçit kuşağında ana ürün olarak yetiştirilen yerfıstığı çeşitlerinin (Arachis hypogaea L.) yağ özellikleri ve yağ asidi kompozisyonlarını belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Tarla denemeleri Yağlı Tohumlar Araştırma Enstitüsü deneme lokasyonunda 2018 ve 2019 yıllarının ana ürün sezonlarında yapılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre (RCBD) üç tekerrürlü olarak tasarlanmıştır. Denemede yağ oranı, doymuş yağ asitleri (palmitik asit, stearik asit), doymamış yağ asitleri (oleik asit, linoleik asit), iyot değeri ve oleik/linoleik asit oranları incelenmiştir. Runner (Georgia Green), Spanish (Florispan) ve Virginia pazar tipleri (Sultan, Brantley, BATEM-Cihangir, BATEM-5025, Arıoğlu-2003, Halisbey, NC-7, Flower-22, Wilson, NC-V-11, Çom, Osmaniye-2005, Gazipaşa) olmak üzere 15 yerfıstığı çeşidi bitkisel materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, en yüksek yağ içeriği NC-V-11 (%52,23) çeşidi tespit edilmiş olup, bunu sırasıyla Florispan (%52,16), Brantley (%52,10) ve Gerogia Green (%51.54) çeşitleri takip etmiştir. En düşük yağ içeriği ise (%44.57) BATEM-Cihangir çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. En düşük palmitik asit oranı %8.04 ile Brantley çeşidinde bulunurken, en yüksek ise %12.24 ile Florispan çeşidinde bulunmuştur. Stearik asit bakımından en düşük değer (%1.38) Çom çeşidinde bulunurken, en yüksek değer (%2.91) Brantley çeşidinde bulunmuştur. Doymamış yağ asitlerinden olan oleik asit içeriği en yüksek Brantley çeşidinde (%71.83) bulunmuştur. Florispan çeşidi ise en düşük oleik asit içeriğine (%43.70) sahip olmuştur. Linoleik asit oranı en az (%9.78) Brantley çeşidinde bulunurken, en fazla (%35.77) Çom çeşidinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İyot değeri 78.71 (Brantley) ile 100.71 (Çom) arasında değişirken; oleik asit/linoleik asit oranı %1.22 (Florispan) ile %7.35 (Brantley) arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda Doğu Akdeniz Geçit Kuşağında en yüksek oleik asit oranına sahip çeşidin Brantley olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek oleik asit oranına sahip yerfıstıkları kaliteli olmaları ve kullanıldığı ürünlerde raf ömrünü uzattığı için üretici ve tüketiciler tarafından tercih edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arachis hypogaea L.
• Yağ asidi
• İyot değeri
• Yağ içeriği
• Oleik/Linoleic asit oranı

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