Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Çeşitlerinde Yağışlı Koşullarda Verim ve Kalite Parametrelerine Genotip Çevre Etkisi ve Stabilite

Öz

Genotip çevre etkileşimi buğday ıslahı araştırmaları için önemli bir husustur. Araştırma, Trakya Bölgesi (Türkiye) Edirne lokasyonunda 2010-2011 ve 2016-2017 üretim yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada her yıl tek bir ortam olarak kabul edilmiştir. Araştırma 25 genotipten oluşan bölge verim denemesindeki beş ekmeklik buğday çeşidi yedi farklı çevrede test edilmiştir. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre (RCBD) dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Tane verimi, başaklanma gün sayısı, bitki boyu, 1000 tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, protein oranı, yaş glüten oranı, glüten indeksi, tane sertliği ve sedimantasyon değerleri incelenmiştir. Birleşik varyans analizi (ANOVA), tüm özellikler için çevreler arasında önemli farklılık, çeşitler arasında ise hektolitre ağırlığı ve tane sertliği dışında diğer parametrelerde önemli farklılıklar (P<0.01 ve P<0.05) olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. En yüksek tane verimi 7234 kg ha-1 ile Gelibolu çeşidinde belirlenmiştir. Açıklanan faktörler, tane veriminin %70.90 çevre, %3.46 genotip ve %11.35’i ise genotip çevre etkileşimimden olduğunu göstermiştir. Varyasyonun büyük bir kısmının çevresel etkiden kaynaklandığı görülmüştür. Yedi farklı çevre koşullarına göre ortalama tane verimi, en yüksek 8158 kg ha-1' ile E4’te, en düşük 4454 kg ha-1 ile E6'da belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada yüksek ve düşük çevreler arasında %83.20 verim farkı olması, çevresel etkinin önemini göstermiştir. En yüksek protein oranı, yaş gluten içeriği, tane sertliği ve sedimantasyon E1'de belirlenmiştir. Biplot analizi sonuçları, Selimiye'nin daha ideal bir çeşit olduğunu ve E1'in daha ideal bir ortama sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Orijinden en uzun vektörler ile E7 ve E2 ortamları en fazla ayırt edici çevre olurken, E4 en az ayırt edici çevre olmuştur. Aldane çeşidi, sedimantasyon değeri, protein oranı ve yaş gluten içeriği ile öne çıkarken, Pehlivan çeşidi, hektolitre ağırlığı, 1000 tane ağırlığı ve tane sertliği bakımından yüksek değerlere sahip olmuştur. Araştırma sonucu, çevrenin incelenen parametrelere etkisinin çok önemli olduğu, bu nedenle ıslah çalışmalarının farklı çevre koşullarında yürütülmesinin etkili bir seleksiyon için çok önemli olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekmeklik buğday
• çeşit
• çevre
• verim
• kalite
• GGE Biplot

Genotype and Environment Effect on Yield and Quality Parameters and Stability in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions

Öz

The significant genotype by environment interaction is a major matter for wheat breeding research. The study was carried out for seven growing season (between 2010-2011 and 2016-2017) in the Edirne location in the Trakya region, Türkiye. Each year was considered as a single environment. In the study, a regional yield trial of 25 genotypes, 5 of which were standard cultivars were evaluated across seven environments. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The characters such as yield, days to heading, plant height, thousand kernel weight, hectoliter weight, protein ratio, wet gluten content, gluten index, grain hardness and sedimentation value were investigated in the study. The result of the variance analysis (ANOVA) demonstrated considerable differences (p<0.01 and p<0.05) among environments for the characters and among genotypes except for test weight and grain hardness. The highest grain yielding cultivar was Gelibolu with 7234 kg ha-1. According to the results, the yield was affected by the environment by 70.90%, genotypes by 3.46% and their interaction by 11.35%. Environmental impact was responsible for much of the change. Mean grain yield over seven environments varied with the lowest being 4454 kg ha-1 in E6 and the highest being 8158 kg ha-1 in environment E4. The fact that there was an 83.2% yield difference between the environments in the study showed the importance of the environmental impact. The highest grain hardness, sedimentation value, gluten content and protein ratio were determined in E1. The biplot analysis results explained that Selimiye is an ideal cultivar and E1 is an ideal environment. In the study, E7 and E2 were the most discriminative environments, while E4 was the least discriminating. Among the varieties, Aldane had high values in terms of sedimentation, protein ratio and gluten value, while Pehlivan variety had high values in terms of test weight, 1000 grain weight and grain hardness. As a result of the research, the importance of genotype and environmental effects on yield and quality was also seen in this research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bread wheat
• Cultivar
• Environment
• Yield
• Quality
• GGE biplot

Kaynakça

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